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Advanced Friction Ridge

A detailed illustration of friction ridge patterns overlaid on forensic tools, including magnifying glasses and light sources, with a scientific aesthetic.

Advanced Friction Ridge Quiz

Test your knowledge and expertise in friction ridge analysis with our comprehensive quiz! This quiz is designed for professionals in forensic science, providing an excellent way to evaluate and enhance your understanding of friction ridge identification techniques.

76 challenging questions
Covers topics from light characteristics to fingerprint enhancement methods
Ideal for forensic professionals and students alike

76 Questions19 MinutesCreated by ExaminingFingerprint42

When conducting an examination, information in your bench notes should never include the wavelength of the forensic light source used.

True

False

What does sequential processing refer to, and what should it include?

The processes must be done in a particular sequence or order.

Include a visual examination using ambient light.

Visually inspect the surface of interest with oblique white light.

All the above.

B & C only

According to the Canadian Friction Ridge Working Group (CanFRWG) the definition in regard to Friction Ridge philosophy is stated as following; “Friction Ridge identification is established through the agreement of friction ridge uniqueness, and formation in sequence.”

True

False

Near-Infrared generally begins within the 700nm range and is considered to have a lower frequency with increased energy.

True

False

What are the primary characteristics of light?

Frequency

Speed

Wavelength

All the above.

None of the above.

Light that is of a narrow wavelength is referred to as what?

Coherent

Monochromatic

Ambient

Incident light

Phosphorescence results when the emission of light caused by the absorption of radiant energy continues for a period of time after the light source has been removed.

True

False

The measure of energy between absorbed and emitted energy is known as Stoke’s Shift.

True

False

Which of the following is not considered a source of fluorescence in fingerprint examination?

Matrix fluorescence

Foreign substances

Intentional chemical enhancements

Natural compounds

Substrate fluorescence

What is the definition of specular light?

Light that strikes a rough surface and reflects and is non parallel to the angle of reflection.

Light that strikes a smooth surface and reflects at the same angle.

Light that strikes a surface and is absorbed by the surrounding matter.

Light that is absorbed and converted by heat and is luminescent.

None of the above.

The effect caused by light being reflected at a longer wavelength is referred to as what?

Chemo-luminescence

Thermo-luminescence

Luminescence

Reflective dispersal

None of the above.

In the Electromagnetic Radiation spectrum, visible light ranges between which range of wavelength?

300 to 700 nm

400 to 1100 nm

300 to 1100 nm

400 to 700 nm

500 50 1000 nm

A barrier filter allows a limited range of wavelengths to be recorded and blocks out all other colours.

True

False

Reagents such as Amido Black and Acid Violet 17 enhance bloody prints because they react with;

The lipids in red blood cells.

The proteins found in blood.

The urea found in blood.

The sodium chloride found in hemoglobin.

The colour referred to as Ruhemann's purple is the signature of which reagent?

1,8 Diazafluoren-9-one (DFO)

Basic Purple 6

Gentian Violet

1,2-Indanedione

Ninhydrin

Amino acids can be defined as:

An organic compound, essential for waste production.

Compounds not soluble in water but soluble in fat solvents such as alcohol.

Organic compounds that combine to form proteins.

Natural occurring salt in the body.

There is a possibility of recovering latent prints from a synthetic fabric, such as polyester, following this procedure.

Treat the fabric as a porous surfaces and treated with ninhydrin.

Treat fabric as a porous substrate, and treat with an amino sensitive reagent like DFO.

Treat as a non-porous substrate, treat with cyanoacrylate, and then use some form of luminescent stain.

Treat with a luminescent, lipid staining dye.

There are different treatment methods with 1,8 Diazafluoren-9-one (DFO); two ways are placing the DFO treated item in an incubator at 100°C for 20 min or using a heat press at 160oC for 20 to 30 seconds.

True

False

The acidity in perspiration can result in a print being etched onto a cartridge case, depending on the metal or alloy.

True

False

Physical Developer reacts with the silver metal deposits in the friction ridges and produces what signature colour.

Dark blue

Like violet

Purple with a pink background

Dark gray/black

Cyanoacrylate can be used in either a fuming chamber or a vacuum chamber and leaves white 2-Dimensional friction ridges as its signature.

True

False

The theory behind using dye stains after CA processing, is that the polymer adheres to the friction ridges, and dye stain adheres to the voids in the polymer.

True

False

When it comes to CA fuming, the general theory is that it is always better to over develop than under develop, giving weaker prints time to develop.

True

False

How deep a fingermark will penetrate a porous substrate depends on what factors?

The amount of residue deposited.

Environmental conditions and how porous the substrate may be.

The stability of the amino acids being deposited.

The porosity and stability of the deposited residue.

Prints found on nonporous surfaces are stable and not easily destroyed while being packaged or transported.

True

False

When examining the non-adhesive side of tape, having either a nonporous or semi-porous substrate, the examiner must use a nonporous processing method before examining the adhesive side.

True

False

A porous substance can be described as a substrate that contains minute spaces that allow liquids or gases to permeate, allowing the matrix to remain on the surface of fibers.

True

False

Cyanoacrylate fuming is a common method of developing fingermarks and relies on __________ and _________ in developing fingermarks.

humidity and heat

Heat and polymerization

vaporization and humidity

polymerization and vaporization

Patent prints are those left in a soft material such as clay, glue, wax, soap, or tacky paint.

True

False

List three examples of forensic biometrics.

Handwriting

Odontology

Fingerprints

All the above.

None of the above.

The San Francisco Police Department was the first jurisdiction to use the AFIS computer on a routine basis?

True

False

The basal layer of the epidermis is responsible for generating cells that will become friction ridges?

True

False

The AFIS computer makes the final determination as to whether a latent print is a "match" to a candidate fingerprint.

True

False

Where were fingerprints first used as identifying marks as early as 246 B.C.E.?

China

Greenland

Australia

England

No two people in the world have the same fingerprints.

True

False

Identical twins have identical fingerprints?

True

False

Fingerprints deposited on a nonporous surface are less fragile than fingerprints deposited on a porous surface.

True

False

Fingerprints on nonporous substrates are absorbed.

True

False

What is meant by persistence, and why are fingerprints considered persistent structures?

Persistence means your fingerprints do not change throughout your lifetime.

They form in utero from the deepest layer of the epidermis and do not change as you age.

All the above.

None of the above.

Fingerprinting was introduced to North America in 1903 when the New York State Prison System began routinely fingerprinting inmates.

True

False

Why are fingerprints useful for identification purposes?

Unique

Persistent

All the above.

None of the above.

Where did the science of fingerprint analysis begin to take shape in the mid-eighteen hundreds?

Roman Empire - Greece

British Empire – India

Angevin Empire - France/England

Russian Empire - Eurasia

Eccrine sweat is 90% water.

True

False

What are the steps in sequential processing?

1. White Light 2. Visual Examination 3. Forensic Light Source

1. Visual Examination 2. White Light 3. Powder

1. Visual Examination 2. White Light 3. Forensic Light Source

1. Visual Examination 2. White Light 3. Chemical Processing

The definition of identification is: Two items contain a combination of corresponding or similar and specific oriented characteristics of such number and significance to preclude thepossibility of their occurrence by mere coincidence, and there are no unaccounted for differences, it may be concluded that they are different or their characteristics attribute to a different cause

True

False

CanFRWG definition of identification is: Identification is the opinion by the examiner, based on training, knowledge and experience, that the friction ridge impression originated from the same source

True

False

The CanFRWG definition of Uniqueness is: Friction ridge identification is established through the agreement of ALL friction ridge formations in sequence

True

False

What is used to suppress or block a certain wavelength and only permit selected wavelengths through?

Bypass Filter

Barrier Filter

UV Filter

Infrared Filter

Red/Infrared light is at 700nm, has a lower frequency and less energy and a longer wavelength

True

False

What are the characteristics of light?

Wavelength, Frequency and Speed

Ultraviolet, Infrared and Ambient

Wavelength, Distance and Speed

Energy, Distance and Speed

Diffused absorbed light is when the light hits a rough/textured surface and is scattered

True

False

Snell's Law light that is incident will be reflected at an angle equal to the angle of incidence and transmitted

True

False

Fluorescence can last several seconds while Phosphorescence lasts above 1 second

True

False

Stoke's Shift is the difference between absorbed and emitted energy causing luminescence

True

False

What is the wavelength a LASER uses?

450nm-475nm

300nm-325nm

525nm-550nm

575nm-600nm

Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) were developed in the 1990's, have changeable wavelengths and do not have limited wavelengths

True

False

What is the porous processing sequence?

1. Visual Identification 2. Forensic Light Examination 3. Chemical Examination 4. Forensic Light Examination 5. Physical Developer

1. Visual Identification 2. Indanedione 3. DFO 4. Ninhydrin 5. Physical Devleoper

1. Visual Identification 2. DFO 3. Indanedione 4. Ninhydrin 5. Physical Developer

1. Ambient Examination 2. White Light Examination 3. Indanedione 4. DFO 5. Ninhydrin

Physical Developer: Signature, limitations, application and Light source to view

Pale purple colour, usually requires an ALS to view, Heat pressed at 100 for 20min or 180 for 10 sec, ALS 540nm-570nm using orange or red barrier filter

Light pink colour, Degrades DNA, Heat pressed at 100 for 20min or 160 for 10 sec, ALS at 520 nm with orange or red barrier filter

Dark gray or Black, long processing time and can degrade porous item, many steps involved in application, Visible in ambient light

Ruhemann's purple, takes a long time to process, uses carrier solvent, visible in ambient light

DFO: Signature, limitations, application and Light source to view

Pale purple colour, usually requires an ALS to view, Heat pressed at 100 for 20min or 180 for 10 sec, ALS 540nm-570nm using orange or red barrier filter

Light pink colour, Degrades DNA, Heat pressed at 100 for 20min or 160 for 10 sec, ALS at 520 nm with orange or red barrier filter

Dark gray or Black, long processing time and can degrade porous item, many steps involved in application, Visible in ambient light

Ruhemann's purple, takes a long time to process, uses carrier solvent, visible in ambient light

Ninhydrin: Signature, limitations, application and Light source to view

Pale purple colour, usually requires an ALS to view, Heat pressed at 100 for 20min or 180 for 10 sec, ALS 540nm-570nm using orange or red barrier filter

Light pink colour, Degrades DNA, Heat pressed at 100 for 20min or 160 for 10 sec, ALS at 520 nm with orange or red barrier filter

Dark gray or Black, long processing time and can degrade porous item, many steps involved in application, Visible in ambient light

Ruhemann's purple, takes a long time to process, uses carrier solvent, visible in ambient light

Indanedione: Signature, limitations, application and Light source to view

Pale purple colour, usually requires an ALS to view, Heat pressed at 100 for 20min or 180 for 10 sec, ALS 540nm-570nm using orange or red barrier filter

Light pink colour, Degrades DNA, Heat pressed at 100 for 20min or 160 for 10 sec, ALS at 520 nm with orange or red barrier filter

Dark gray or Black, long processing time and can degrade porous item, many steps involved in application, Visible in ambient light

Ruhemann's purple, takes a long time to process, uses carrier solvent, visible in ambient light

Oil red O is applied after Physical developer and Nile Red is applied before

True

False

Cyanoacrylate fuming requires a heat source, humidity and temperature

True

False

Cyanoacrylate Vacuum chambers are better because the prints cannot be overdeveloped in them

True

False

Ardrox has a signature of whitish yellow to yellow green and can be seen under

UV (365nm - 380nm) with UV protective or yellow barrier filters

UV (485nm-515nm) with UV protective or yellow barrier filters

Infrared (485nm-515nm) with yellow barrier filters

UV (365nm-380nm) with Red barrier filters

Rhodamine 6G has a signature of orange luminescence and can be seen under

490nm-515nm using a red barrier filter

515nm-550nm using an orange barrier filter

490nm-515nm using an orange barrier filter

515nm-550nm using a red barrier filter

C) and D)

Lumicyano is beneficial because it is cheap but it takes longer to process

True

False

Brilliant Yellow 40 has a signature that fluoresces yellow and can be seen under

UV 365nm using UV or yellow filter

Blue-Green 450nm using orange filter

Green 485nm using red filter

A) and B)

All of the above

Vacuum Metal Deposit produces negative/reversed prints

True

False

What is powder suspension

Is only available in black powder

Is not useful on challenging surfaces

Is powder mixed with water and detergent and is painted on the surface

It powder mixed with water and detergent that is applied to surface similar to fingerprint powder

What are the methods of developing prints on Thermal paper?

Chemical Processing, Heat exposure, Powder, Powder Suspension, Cyanoacrylate

Acid fuming, reagents, oil red o, p-DMAC, Sandwich Method

Acid fuming, Heat exposure, oil red o, powder, Cyanoacrylate

Chemical Processing, Reagents, Cyanoacrylate, Heat Exposure, Sandwich Method

Amido Black and Acid Violet 17 work well on dark backgrounds

True

False

Acid Yellow 7 fluoresces under blue-green light (385nm-509nm) resulting in yellow or green prints

True

False

Where can fingerprints be found on a firearm?

Exterior of weapon

Magazine

Cartridge

Cartridge case

All of the above

None of the above

Ashesive substrates should be processed as CA Fuming -> Adhesive powder suspension -> CA dye staining

True

False

Nylon and Polyester are treated like porous surfaces while cotton is treated like a non-porous surface

True

False

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