Pneumology
Essential Pneumology Quiz
Test your knowledge on pneumology and respiratory health with our engaging quiz! This quiz covers a wide range of topics, from lung fun
Challenge yourself and see how well you understand the complexities of the respiratory system!
- Multiple-choice questions
- Real-world health applications
- Ideal for students, teachers, and healthcare professionals
Which of the following is NOT a function of the lung?
Metabolism
Serves as a reservoir of blood for left ventricle
It is a filter to protect to systemic vasculature
Facilitates exchange of O2 and CO2 between air and blood
All answers are correct
Which of the following is NOT a normal occurrence with increasing age?
Vital capacity of lung decrease
Residual volume decrease
Function residual capacity decrease
Inspiratory capacity decrease
Expiratory reserves volume increases
Which of the following does NOT happen during inspiration?
The ribs move upward
The diaphragm lifts up when inspirations
The anteroposterior dimensions of the chest are increased
The transverse dimension of the thorax is increased
The scalene and sternocleidomastoid muscles can be recruited for expiration
Which of the following is NOT true concerning respiratory distress syndrome in premature infants?
Their ability to synthesize DPPC is limited
Higher pressures are required to ventilate the lung
Lung compliance is low
Positive pressure respirators are often used to assist them in breathing
Alveoli tend to over-expand of premature infants and sometimes burst at the end of inspirations
Lung volumes
Inspiratory reserve volume
Tidal volume
Expiratory volume
Residual volume
All answers are correct
Lung capacities
Inspiratory capacity
Vital capacity
Functional residual capacity
Total lung capacity
All answers are correct
Respiratory control center is located in the ……
Midbrain and medulla
The medulla and pons
Pons and midbrain
Upper spinal cord and medulla
Cerebellum
Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in the lung and through all cell membranes by …….
Osmosis
The diffusions
Filtration
Active transport
Using ATP
What is a forced expiratory manoeuvre?
Breathe in to desired volume
Exhale as fast as possible to RV
Volume time or flow volume plot
Easy for adult and children > 6y, difficult for young children
All answers are correct
What are factors that affect lung volumes?
Age
Height
Weight
Disease
All answers are correct
Risk factors for infection with Antibiotic resistance pneumococcus
Age < 5 or > 65 years
Age < 4 years
Age > 10 or < 30 years
Age > 5 or <65 years
All answers are not correct
Which bacteria is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in children?
Streptococcus pneumonia
The staphylococcus
Meningococcus
Hemophilia Influenza
All answers are not correct
Penicillin Resistant to Streptococcus pneumonia since
1965 - 1975
1950
1975
1985
1955 - 1965
Invasive disease is included:
Meningitis, sepsis and bacterial pneumonia
The otitis media
Diabetic
Diarrhea
Otitis media and non-bacterial pneumonia
What are the risk factor of macrolide resistance to the pneumococcus?
Recent macrolide use (prior 1 -3 months)
The age < 5 or > 65 years
Attendance in day care center
Recent hospitalization
All answers are not correct
What is horizontal gene transfer?
Transfer of 1 gene to other gene
Transfer of the antibiotic resistance genes to other bacteria
Transfer an antibiotic to gene
Transfer an antibiotic to bacteria
None of them
What are the alteration of target sites?
Alteration of ribosomal target site
Alteration of cell wall precursor targets
Alteration of target enzyme
Alteration of ribosomal target site, of cell wall precursor targets and of target enzyme
None of them
What are the risk factors of fluoroquinolone resistance to pneumococcus?
Prior exposure to fluoroquinolone
The nursing home, Nosocomial infections
Penicillin resistance
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD)
All answers are not correct
How many type of alteration of bacterial membranes?
Alteration of outer membrane permeability
The alteration of inner membranes permeability
Alteration of outer and inner membrane permeability
Alteration of cell wall
Alteration of cytoplasm
Because of antimicrobial resistance in increasing worldwide so:
Global and local program of bacteria resistance surveillance are needed
The vaccine campaigns have significant effect in reduction of resistances
Prudent use of antibiotics is pertinent
Antibiotic stewardships have most important effect
All answers are not correct
What one is not included in upper the respiratory tract?
Oral cavity
Nasopharynx
Paranasal
The pharynx
Larynx
Which one is not included in upper the respiratory tract infection?
Epiglottitis
Laryngitis
Bronchitis
The pneumonia
Pharyngitis
Which one is included in lower the respiratory tract infections?
Epiglottitis
Laryngitis
Bronchitis
Pneumonia
All answers are correct
Which one is included in upper the respiratory tract infections?
Rhinosinusitis
Otitis
Laryngitis
Rhino-pharyngitis
All answers are correct
Bacterial super infections:
Otitis media
Purulent sinusitis
Bacterial tonsillitis
Bacterial pharyngitis
All answers are correct
Risk factors airway infections in children:
Sibling
Passive smoke exposure
Low birthweight
Malnutrition
All answers are correct
The most common and most important bacterial responsible for pharyngitis?
Staphylococcus
Haemophilus influenzae
Corynebacterium diphtheria
Streptococcus tonsillitis
The Strep. Pyogenes (group A B hemolytic)
Which disease of the upper airway is associated with a yellow nasal discharge?
The sinusitis
Laryngitis
Polyps
Cancer
Epiglottitis
Signs and symptoms of sinusitis include all of the following. Except:
Sneezing
Fever
The syncope
Nasal discharge
Headache
The term Red Puffers describes a person with which type of disease?
The emphysema
Bronchitis
Tuberculosis
AIDS
Laryngitis
The lung at birth:
Volume small but related to body weight
All airways present and differentiated with smooth muscle which is innervated
�-½ alveoli give sufficient gas exchange for body surface area
Blood gas barrier as in adult
All answers are correct
Influences on lung growth:
Normal embryonal and feat development
Genetic predisposition
Endocrine factor
Fetal breathing movement
All answers are correct
Lung agenesis and hypoplasia:
Both pulmonary agenesis and hypoplasia
Usually apparent soon after birth and associated with respiratory distress
Maybe accompanied by renal anomaly
Cardiac defects occur in 50% of patient
All answers are correct
Cystic adenomatoid malformations:
25% of all congenital lung malformation
Arises from a defect in the development of the terminal bronchiole
A hamartomatous proliferation of cysts occurs and resemble bronchiole (airways without cartilage)
Respiratory distress occurs in neonatal period, when collateral pores of Kohn ventilate alveolar tissues present
All answers are correct
Why treat congenital lung disease? (debated indication)
Risk of infection
Risk of Hogh out put heart failure
Risk of interference with lung growth
Risk of malignancy
All answers are correct
Pulmonary sequestrations:
Pulmonary sequestration accounts for 6/ of all congenital lung malformation
Mostly occurs in lower lobe
Bronchopulmonary mass without a normal bronchial communication and with normal or anomalous vascular supply
Sequestrated lung may be intra lobar or extra lobar
All answers are correct
At what age, the UAW reach adult configuration?
By the age of 8 years
At 3 years
At 5 years
At 7 years
At 9 years
What are the function of UAW?
Respiratory
Gastro-intestinal
Speech
Protection of lower airway
All answers are correct
What are symptoms of airway obstructions?
Asthenia
Stridor
Wheezing
Loss of breath sound
All answers are correct
What is stridor?
High pitch respiratory sound
Can be inspiratory, expiratory or biphasic
May appear worse with crying
Barking cough
All answers are correct
Cause of expiratory stridor:
Tracheomalacia
Brochomalacia
Vascular abnormality
Extrinsic compression
All answers are correct
Etiology of vocal cord paralysis:
CNS malformation
Idiopathic
Iatrogenic
Neoplasia
All answers are correct
What are the symptoms of croup?
Barking cough
Often prodromal URTI/pyrexia
Often present at night, worse on second night
No drooling or positional change
All answers are correct
What are the severity sign of croups?
Change in mental status
Increase inspiratory recession
Pallor / cyanosis
All answers are correct
What is the most common complication of retro pharyngeal abscess?
The mediastinitis
Gastroenteritis
Meningitis
Adenitis
Osteitis
What is agent causal of respiratory papilloma?
HPV (human papilloma virus)
Adonovirus
H. Influenza
E. coli
Hepatitis
The cause of cystic fibrosis:
Genetics
Bacterial infection
Viral infection
Tuberculosis infection
Pneumococcal infection
The symptoms of cystic fibrosis are:
Difficulty breathing
Up mucus
Poor growth
Fatty stool
All answers are correct
The usual onset symptoms recognizable in
1 month
2 months
8 months
9 months
6 months
The diagnosis method of cystic fibrosis
Sweat test and genetic testing
Blood test
Stool test
Blood culture
Chest RX
The frequency of cystic fibrosis
1 in 3,000
2 in 4,000
2 in 6,000
4 in 4,000
4 in 6,000
The treatment of cystic fibrosis
Antibiotics, pancreatic enzyme replacement and the lung transplantations
Pancreatic enzymes replacement
The antibiotics
Pancreas transplantation
All answers are not correct
Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder that effect mostly:
Kidney
Lungs
Liver
Bone marrow
Heart
The consequence of cystic fibrosis on gastrointestinal tract
Failure to thrive
Difficulty with weight gain due to pancreas deficiency
Digestive problem
Intestinal blockage
All answers are correct
The consequences of cystic fibrosis on liver:
Bile duct obstruction lead to the focal cirrhosis
Biliary stone
Liver steatosis
Bile duct obstruction
All answers are not correct
Role of CFTR protein inside the lung cells
Control the flow of H2O and HC ions in and out of cell inside the lung
Stimulation secretion of surfactant
Control flow of ions sodium and calcium
Control of insulin secretion
All answers are not correct
Bronchoscopy can be used for:
Viewing the air way
Checking for anomaly
Doing a brocho biopsy
Removing a foreign body
All answers are correct
The place where the bronchoscopy should be done:
In the operating room
In ICU
In consulting room
In opened air room
All answers are not correct
The risks of bronchoscopy:
Bleeding and infection
Bronchospam or laryngospam
Brochial perforation
Pneumothorax
All answers are correct
During the bronchoscopy procedure, the patient is lied on the bed:
Without anesthesia
With rachial anesthesia
With general anesthesia
With the conscious sedations
All answers are not correct
Two years and half old girl was playing on the ground with her friends, suddenly appearing dyspnea and wheezing. No fever nor any other symptoms were notable. Diagnosis probably is:
Thoracic trauma
The foreign bodies
Acute bronchitis
Pneumonia
Asthma attack
Which part of air ways where most of foreign body was found?
In larynx
In trachea
In the right main bronchus
In left main bronchus
Bilateral
How many percentage of foreign body was found in the right main bronchus?
30%
40%
50%
52%
60%
There are many reasons that cause the children aspirate the foreign material:
Lack of molar teecth
While chewing, children talk, laugh, run
Children eat even nonfood substance
None of them
The lack of molar teeth while chewing children talk, laugh, run, children eat even nonfood substance
The first aid that can save the patient's life from choking is called:
The Heimlich maneuver
Faraboeuf maneuver
Lasegue manerver
Kernig maneuver
Bratch maneuver
Which year did Dr. Heimlich describe his maneuver?
1950
1960
1974
1980
1990
Aerosol therapy
Relieve spasms of bronchial muscles and reduce edema of mucous membrane
Render bronchial secretions more liquid so that they are more easily removed
Humidify respiratory tract
Administer antibiotics locally by depositing them in the respiratory tract
All answers are correct
Which disease is not related with Aerosol therapy?
Asthma
Bronchiolitis
BPD
Nasopharyngeal cancer
CF
Deposition affected by
Dimension of airway
Air flow
Particle size
Particle density
All answers are correct
Pressurized metered dose inhalers; which one is wrong?
Need of a holding chamber
Small children
The electricity needed
Fast inhalation
Expensive
Factors influencing lung deposition
Patient
Disease
Aerosol device
Interface
All answers are correct
Factors influencing lung deposition in patient
Specific factors in infant
Age
Breathing pattern
Cooperation and mask leak
All answers are correct
Optimal MMAD is likely to be
1 μm
2 μm
3 μm
<2.4 μm
4 μm
Wet nebulizer; which one is wrong?
High dose
Small children
The Need of a holding chamber
Time and size
Lung deposition very variable
Deposition by impaction
Bigger particle
Higher density
Higher flow rate
Smaller airway diameter
All answers are correct
Deposition by sedimentation
Bigger particle
Higher density
Larger airway dimensions
Low flow rate
All answers are correct
Sleep is:
A complex reversible disengagement form
An unresponsiveness to the external environment
A high active and complex state
Divided into REM and NREM
All answers are correct
Stages of NREM (Non-Rapide Eye Movement) sleep:
Divided into stages 1, 2, 3
Clear but empirical rule for differentiation of stage
In generally there is a deepening of sleep with each numerical increase in stage
Differentiation of stages occurs over first six months of life
All answers are correct
By EEG, NREM sleep stage 2 is identified:
Low voltage mixed with frequency EEG activity
Often combined as low wave sleep
High amplitude, low frequency
Deep sleep, lowest arousal threshold
Appearance of the sleep spindles and K complexes
Developmental changes in newborn sleep:
Sleep 16-20 hours/day
40 minutes sleep cycle
3 sleep state
No day/night differentiation
All answers are correct
Developmental changes in infant sleep:
Average sleep declines to 14 hours/day
3 to 4 hours longest sleep period to 3/12
4 sleep states
70-80% sleep through night at 9/12
All answers are correct
A problem in Sleep Disorder Breathing (SDB) is caused by:
Obstructive SDB
Hypoventilation
Dysfunctional control of breathing
Unclear problems
All answers are correct
Type of SDB:
Central apnea
Obstructive apnea
Mixed apnea
Hypopnea and periodic breathing
All answers are correct
Risk factors of SRBD:
Obesity
Down syndrome
Prader Willy Syndrome
Neuromuscular disorder
All answers are correct
Symptoms of SDB during the day:
Headaches upon awakening
Daytime sleepiness
Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Learning problem
All answers are correct
Symptom of SDB during night time:
Episodes of apnea
Sleeping in a seated position with neck hyperextended
Sleep gaps/snoring noise observed
Frequent snoring over a week
All answers are correct
Which of the following is not a prevention in Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia?
Prevention of prenatal birth, Surfactant, Inhaled corticosteroid
The antibiotic prophylaxis
Lung protective ventilation, Short, non invasive ventilation
Post natal steroids: dexamethasone, Post natal steroids: hydrocortisone
Antenatal steroids, Accept lower saturation level
Which of the following is not a Long term consequences in Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia?
Smaller airway
Less efficient muco ciliary clearance
Immature innate immune system
Severe forms: abnormal lung architecture
The bigger airways
Which of the following is not a Long term treatment in Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia?
Oxygen
No routine inhalation
Hypercaloric feeding
Reduction in passive smoke exposure
The Antibiotic prophylaxis
Which of the following is not a risk factor in Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia?
Low gestational age
Low birthweight
The post term fetus
Genetic Susceptibility
Sepsis/ Inflammation
Postnatal glucocorticoids can reduce rates of BPD via:
Reduced inflammation as well as the induction of lung maturational changes
Protects against lung injury
Maintaining integrity of respiratory tract epithelium
Decreased risk of oxidative lung injury and pulmonary vascular remodeling
All answers are not correct
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disease most commonly seen in:
The premature infants
Adult
Children between 2-5 years
Twin baby
All answers are not correct
Many babies who develop BPD are born with:
Serious respiratory distress syndromes
Serious encephalopathy
Autoimmune disease
Metabolic disease
All answers are not correct
Surfactant is used to prevent BPD in premature infant, what of following related to surfactant is true?
Surfactant mixture is an essential group of molecules to support air breathing
Surfactant is produced in the lungs by type II alveolar epithelial cell
Surfactant is a complex mixture of specific lipids, proteins and carbohydrate
Surfactant help to decrease surface tension at air liquid interface of the alveoli
All answers are correct
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) develops as a result of an infant's lungs becoming irritated or inflamed, what is the cause of lungs damage?
Lungs infection
Oxygen therapy
Ventilation
Surfactant deficiency
All answers are correct
Infants who have severe BPD may also develop which of the following?
Growth delay and may also the develop pulmonary hypertension
Prolong fever
Seizure
Metabolic disorder
Severe renal failure
All are true about definition Bronchiectasis: Except one:
Abnormal irreversibly dilated and often thick-walled bronchi
Frequent bacterial infection
Inflammatory destruction of bronchial and peri bronchial tree
End result of suppurative lung disease
Is the most common in the right lower lobes
Prenatal corticosteroids also can help baby's organs develop more quickly while he/she is in the womb, such as:
Lung
Brain
Kidney
Bone
Lungs, Brain, Kidney
Many BPD preterm infants are associated with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), which has clinical sign as:
Rapid, shallow breathing
Sharp pulling in of chest below and between ribs with each breath
Grunting sound
Flaring of the nostril
All answers are correct
Many BPD preterm infants are associated with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), which need intervention such as:
Surfactant replacement therapy
Breathing support with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) or a ventilator, oxygen therapy
Preventing lung infections by giving antibiotic
Nutrition and other support to help the lungs grow and recover
All answers are correct
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