Dental Hygiene III Midterm Review

A smear layer of fluoridated toothpaste is advised for an infant and children up to the age of:

Mary presents for her dental hygiene appointment. Her previous dental cleaning appointment was 2 years ago. She announces that she is 5 months pregnant. She reports taking the drug valerian, an herbal supplement taken for insomnia and also a multivitamin. She reports that her gums bleed when she brushes and flosses her teeth. Upon examination you notice she has a round swelling, purplish in color, located in the papilla area between the premolar teeth. Mary reports that the swelling appeared in the past month and she is concerned about it. The most probable reason that Mary's gums bleed when she brushes and flosses her teeth is due to:

During the third trimester of pregnancy, lying in the supine position can be uncomfortable for the pregnant woman due to the weight of the fetus pressing on circulatory vessels. Patient positioning should be adjusted by doing the following?

The safest time for providing dental care to a pregnant patient is during the:

A) A first dental visit is recommended at the eruption of the first tooth, and no later than at 6 months of age. B) One of the major reasons for this first visit is to establish a dental home

Use of fluoride supplementation can begin at:

For fluorosis to develop in primary teeth, excessive fluoride intake occurs:

Ryan is a 3-year-old child who presents for his first dental appointment. His mother accompanies him to the operatory room. He willingly climbs into the dental chair sporting a big smile. You observe that he has an open bite and his maxillary right central incisor is dark in appearance. He is very cooperative as you begin the dental hygiene appointment. The examination reveals several teeth with caries on the occlusal surfaces. Appropriate anticipatory guidance for the parent should focus on all of the following risk factors, except:

The microorganism most commonly found in the saliva of children who present with early childhood caries is:

The best type of fluoride application for treating white spot lesions on primary teeth is:

White-spot lesions along the cervical areas and on proximal tooth surfaces indicates which of the following?

A) Children younger than 6 years of age should use mouthrinse. B) Parent/main caregiver of the child may rinse at bedtime with a 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate for 1 week per month to decrease risk of transferring cariogenic bacteria.

All of the following would be important treatment considerations with Alzheimer patients except one. Which one is the exception?

Common oral changes associated with aging include all the following, except:

The older population has more of which type of caries than any other age group?

Communication with the older adult patient includes all the following, except:

All of the following are physiologic changes that occur in the musculoskeletal system due to the normal aging process except one. Which one is the exception?

Mrs. Jones is a new patient in your office. She explains that she does not want to have radiographs or a dental examination, just a cleaning. She goes on to say: “I do not want to spend all of that extra money because I am old. You know that people lose their teeth because they get old.” What would be the best response for Mrs. Jones?

All of the following are appointment considerations for patients with cleft palate, except:

A child with a cleft palate is at greater risk for all of the following, except:

Paul, who is 8 years old, is a patient who had cleft palate surgery completed at an early age to repair a Class VI cleft. He has malpositioned teeth in the maxillary arch that have contributed to speech problems, poor oral hygiene, and several carious teeth. His parents ask for guidance on what can be done to improve his speech and his smile. Paul cares for his teeth on his own and brushes once a day. He is apprehensive about dental treatment. The first priority to address in providing treatment for Paul is:

All of the following are oral manifestations of cleft palate, except:

A) A child with a cleft palate is more likely to have a mental disability. B) A child with a cleft palate is more prone to ear infections.

Paul, who is 8 years old, is a patient who had cleft palate surgery completed at an early age to repair a Class VI cleft. He has malpositioned teeth in the maxillary arch that have contributed to speech problems, poor oral hygiene, and several carious teeth. His parents ask for guidance on what can be done to improve his speech and his smile. Paul cares for his teeth on his own and brushes once a day. He is apprehensive about dental treatment. The appropriate time to begin orthodontic treatment for realigning the teeth of a child with a cleft is:

John, a 13-year-old male, presents to the dental office for the first time. John comes with his mother and a caregiver. John's medical history indicates that he has autism and is nonverbal. The dental hygienist completes initial assessments and notes that John has moderate gingivitis and has heavy biofilm accumulation on the buccal surfaces of posterior teeth. Tooth #7 is congenitally missing. John has eight carious lesions. His caregiver reports that his favorite food is gummy bears and that they are often used as a reward when he behaves well. When questioned about fluoride use, his mother reports that they drink the city water, which is optimally fluoridated. What technique should be used to show John and his caregiver how to reach the posterior teeth?

Which of the following oral features are frequently associated with Down syndrome?

The purpose of cognitive-behavioral therapy for people with autism is:

An adult who can conform to a daily routine, do small household tasks, but is likely to be in need of supervised support has what level of intellectual disorder?

Intellectual disorder is characterized by which of the following?

A patient who is unable to complete brushing and flossing on his or her own and depends on someone else to attend to his or her oral care would be classified as:

Jim, a 14-year-old patient, presents to the dental office with his mother, complaining of bleeding gums and sensitivity. His mother reports on his medical history that he has muscular dystrophy and has had epilepsy since he was 3. A few years ago, he had to start using a wheelchair. He has difficulty bending his arm at the elbow and has limitations in raising his arms. The dental hygienist notes that Jim has moderate gingival overgrowth and generalized heavy biofilm accumulation. Jim's mother states that she tries to help him brush his teeth, but he still wants to be as independent as possible and does not like to have help. She knows he probably cannot reach his back teeth by himself. She is also concerned that he may have several cavities because he eats a lot of candy when he is with his caregiver before and after school, but he does drink a lot of bottled water each day. The gingival overgrowth indicated may be caused by which of the following medications?

Jim, a 14-year-old patient, presents to the dental office with his mother, complaining of bleeding gums and sensitivity. His mother reports on his medical history that he has muscular dystrophy and has had epilepsy since he was 3. A few years ago, he had to start using a wheelchair. He has difficulty bending his arm at the elbow and has limitations in raising his arms. The dental hygienist notes that Jim has moderate gingival overgrowth and generalized heavy biofilm accumulation. Jim's mother states that she tries to help him brush his teeth, but he still wants to be as independent as possible and does not like to have help. She knows he probably cannot reach his back teeth by himself. She is also concerned that he may have several cavities because he eats a lot of candy when he is with his caregiver before and after school, but he does drink a lot of bottled water each day. What could be done to Jim's toothbrush to enable him to brush more effectively?

If a patient with a disability has a legal guardian, the legal guardian must:

When doing a sliding board transfer, the seat of the dental chair should be positioned:

A) Many diseases of the neuromuscular system leave the patient with a physical impairment. B) Most patients with a physical impairment also have mental impairment.

Parkinson's disease:

Which condition requires antibiotic premedication before dental and dental hygiene treatment?

Another term for cerebrovascular accident is:

Which factor should a hygienist consider when planning dental hygiene care for the patient with multiple sclerosis?

How can osteoarthritis affect the temporomandibular joint?

Andrew is a 26-year-old patient who presents to the dental office for routine dental hygiene therapy. Andrew was in a car accident 2 years ago. He now uses a wheelchair because he cannot use his legs. He does have normal arm function and some hand weakness. Andrew has good oral hygiene, as he uses a power toothbrush and flosses with a floss holder. The first visit Andrew had at the office was very long, as he had neglected his oral hygiene after his accident. He developed a pressure sore and this time has brought some padding to place under him in the dental chair. In addition to the padding, how can a decubitus ulcer be prevented during the dental hygiene appointment?

Diabetes is a disease of metabolism with inadequate production of the hormone insulin. Which endocrine gland is responsible for diabetes?

Cushing's syndrome:

Symptoms of adrenal crisis include all the following, except:

A thyroid storm:

Ann, age 53, presents for her 6-month recall appointment and appears anxious and flushed in the face. She reports that she has recently been prescribed Actonel by her gynecologist and that she has been feeling depressed during the past few months. Her oral tissue appears to be more inflamed at this visit than in the past. She reports no changes in her diet or her oral hygiene habits but reports that she has a burning sensation in her mouth and everything tastes salty to her. She also complains of having a dry mouth. The patient's general symptoms are primarily related to the decline of what hormone?

The absence of spontaneous menstrual periods in a female of reproductive age is:

Which of the following is the master endocrine gland that regulates the output of hormones by other glands?