PP cycle 3 2016 and 2016 retake + extra resp
Diabetes and Respiratory Quiz
Test your knowledge on diabetes, respiratory conditions, and related pathologies with our comprehensive quiz. This quiz covers key symptoms, mechanisms, and treatment options of various conditions including asthma, COPD, and more.
- 29 engaging questions
- Multiple-choice format
- Assess your understanding of important medical concepts
Possible symptoms of diabetes insipidus
Decreased urination
Polydipsia
Peripheral tissue edema
Astenuria
Possible symptoms of hypercortisolism
Skin bruising
Hypoglycemia
Depression
Muscle weakness of fingers and toes
Indicate correctly true facts about pheochromocytoma
Is a tumor of the cortex of adrenal gland
Among released hormone, adrenaline is released in the greatest
Clinical symptoms resemble parasympathetic system hyperactivity
Typical symptoms include episodic hypertension and headaches
What are the possible symptoms of hypothyroidism at different age
Adult patients presents often with fatique, lethargy and gradual weight gain
Subcutaneous obturation by undigested lipids and cholesterol that bind water that causes pretibial myxedema that is responsible for the thickened features of patients limbs
Infants may present with feeding problems, hypotonia and deurinal activity
Increased blood pressure and preterm puberty may occur in children
The bronchial obstruction in asthmatic attack can be characterized as follows
Sudden onset, mild, shortly, mostly reversible
Sudden, severe, shortly, mostly irreversible
Sudden, severe, shortly, mostly reversible
Insidous, severe, shortly, mostly reversible
The bronchial obstruction in reaction to cold air inhalation
Is expressed by the slowly developing feeling of tightness in the chest
Can be sensed as sudden pain in the chest
Characterizes only patients with bronchial hyperreactivity to cold-air (non-atopic asthma)
Protects the lower airways from excessive cooling
In COPD
Chronic bronchitis leads to irreversible narrowing of the bronchi
Long standing asthma due to its chronic course may lead to bronchial narrowing, identical to this caused by chronic bronchitis
Initial stages of ephysema may mimick obstructive symptoms due to the loss of lung retractability
Chronic bronchitis and emphysema may occasionally coexist
Typical mechanism in
Asthma is resulting from bronchial spasm
Chronic bronchitis is caused by fibrotic changes in bronchial wall
Emphysema is resulting from the pulmonary interstitium fibrotic strucure damage
Asthma is resulting from the inflammatory swelling
Is it not true that hypersensitivity pneumonitis
Is a disease included in COPD syndrome
Is based on the type 1 hypersensitivity reaction
Is a disease closely resembeling asthma
Is a restrictive disease
Ventilation problems resulting from
The chest postural malformations have more serious consequences in men than in women
Dysfunction of central nervous system are typical for peripheral sleep apnea
Inflammatory obliteration of pleural cavity are usually fatal
Abdominal obesity usually increase in recumbent position
Normally mucus in respiratory tract
Is colonized by bacteria
Covers its entire surface
Is evacuated mostly by the cough reflex
Forms a barrier for infectious agents
Asthma
Is a disease closely related to hypersensitivity pneumonitis
During its course may lead to extensive remodeling of the bronchial wall
Is not a disease based on inflammation
Can be IgE independent
Hemothorax
Due to lung infarct
Complicates tuberculosis
Can occur during severe injury
Is always associated with pneumothorax
Prolactinoma
Makes galactorrhea
One symptom is anovulatory cycle
Decreases libido
Makes up 60% of all pituitary tumors
Cushing disease - symptoms
Hypoglycemia
Striae and skin bruising
Increased tanning of skin, buccal mucosa
Hypertension
In upper respiratory tract
Infections usually due to bacteria
Can be chronic
Can not lead to COPD
Pneumonia can be fatal even if treated with antibiotics
Asthma
Over the years bronchial remodeling may cause development of the typical obstructive disease
Bronchial hyper-reactivity is responsible for pathology and inflammation is an important triggering factor
Among the most important treatment is administration of anti-inflammatory medication
The first phases of the disease are characterized by temporary exacerbations leading to
Inhalation of toxic substances may lead to pathologies in the:
Upper airways
Bronchi
Interstitial lung tissue
Pleura
In the upper airways
. Most of the pathologies are of very mild character
There is no treatment required for any type of infection
the acute epiglottitis is a disease caused by Streptococcus pneumonia
D. Inflammations can be of acute as well as chronic character
Major defensive role in the airways is played by the
Ciliated epithelium removing the pathogens attaching to it
secretory IgA neutralizing pathogens in the mucus by opsonization and agglutination (
Constitutive presence of neutrophiles in the mucus membrane
Chemical compounds of the mucous of direct antimicrobial activity
Allergic desensitization
Is based on repeated administration very low doses of allergen to the patient
Can lead to the marked reduction of the anti-allergic medication need in the patient
Possible acts trough the increase of the allergen specific IgG level
. If improperly administered may lead to the patient’s death tough anaphylactic shock
Major differences between the early stage of bronchial asthma and COPD are related:
Existence of inflammation in the bronchi
. Characteristics of bronchial obstruction
Severity of dyspnoea
Involvement of bronchial Smooth muscle spasm in generation of symptoms
COPD can include
Early stages of chronic bronchitis
Late stages of sinusitis
Advances emphysema
Early bronchial asthma
Bronchial obstruction may develop based on the following
Smooth muscle spasm
Swelling of the bronchial wall
Fibrotic changes and overgrowth of the bronchial wall
Mucus overproduction / accumulation
In ventilation
The inspiration can be of driven by the diaphragm and abdominal muscle spasm
The inspiratory phase can be deteriorated by recumbent position, especially in obesity
The retractability of the lung is important for inspiration
The normal passive expiration can be augmented by the increased abdominal pressure
Atelectasis
In hyaline membrane syndrome is a result of decrease perfusion
In hyaline membrane syndrome is of a dispersed nature
Of the resorption type involves the whole lungs
Of the compression type can be accompanied by the decrease of perfusion
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