Year2DD/Physiology/Dr.Aim Sothea/
1. Which of the following descriptions is accurate?
A neuron has a single dendrite, which sends information
A neuron has a single axon, which sends information
A neuron has a single dendrite, which sends information
A neuron has many dendrites, which send information
2. The phagocytic cells in the CNS are:?
astrocytes
microglia
oligodendrocytes
ependymal cells
3. The _____cells provide a means of producing myelin?
astrocyte
microglia
ependymal
oligodendrocyte
4. Which of the following terms describes an accumulation of nerve cell bodies in the PNS?
nucleus
ganglion
gray matter
peripheral nerve
5. The resting potential of a neuron is :?
+30 mv
0 mv
-70 mv
-90 mv
6. The minimal stimulus needed to cause a neuron to transmit an impulse is called the:?
action potential
resting potential
threshold
refractory period
7. Saltatory conduction occurs when an impulse jumps from:?
axon to dendrite
node to node
dendrite to axon
node of Ranvier to axon
8. A change in a dendrite which lessens the probability of a conduction is:?
Excitatory Post-Synaptic Potentia
Inhibitatory Post-Synaptic Potential
threshold potential
action potential
9. Which of the following does NOT belong with the rest?
summation
facilitation
divergence
convergence
10. Which type of short neuron is found in the retina?
bipolar
unipolar
multipolar
tripolar
11. The following belong together EXCEPT which one?
efferent
multipolar
sensory
motor
12. The following belong together EXCEPT which one?
interneunron
intercalated neuron
association neuron
sensory neuron
13. The PNS is comprised of cranial nerves and:?
motor nerves
sensory nerves
somatic nerves
spinal nerves
14. The cells that produce myelin in the PNS are:?
oligodendrocytes
axons
Schwann
ependymal
15. Diffusion of which of the following ions into the synaptic knob triggers the release of neurotransmitter?
Na+
Ca2+
Cl–
K+
16. Where are neurotransmitter receptors located?
presynaptic membrane
nodes of Ranvier
postsynaptic membrane
synaptic vesicle membranes
17. A common feature of action potentials is that they:?
cause the membrane to hyperpolarize and then depolarize.
can undergo temporal and spatial summation.
are triggered by a depolarization that reaches the threshold.
move at the same speed along all axons.
18. What happens when a resting neuron's membrane depolarizes?
There is a net diffusion of Na+ out of the cell.
The neuron's membrane voltage becomes more positive
The neuron is less likely to generate an action potential.
The cell's inside is more negative than the outside.
Central nervous system (CNS)
19. The membrane closest to the brain is:?
dura mater
pia mater
arachnoid meninx
denticulate ligament
20. An inflammation of the brain coverings is termed:?
Encephalitis
Meningitis
Poliomyelitis
Cerebral palsy
21. The cerebrospinal fluid is produced by the capillaries of the:?
lateral ventricle
arachnoid villi
choroid plexus
dural sinus
22. What is daily amount of CSF in the nervous system at any given time?
100 mL
140 mL
500 mL
1000 mL
23. Which of the following is NOT a medullary vital center?
blood pressure
cardiac
vasomotor
respiratory
24. What is first component of reflex arch?
Motor neuron
Sensory neuron
Muscle or glance
Interneuron
25. What type of speech does Broca's area control?
Speech production
Speech understanding
Speech hearing
Speech reasoning
26. Sensory speech area in the brain is called:?
Wernicke area
Broca area
Auditory area
Visual area
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
27. An area of skin innervated by sensory nerves is called:?
dermatome
ventral root
dermal receptor
dorsal root
28. The following are plexus names EXCEPT:?
cervical
thoracic
lumbar
brachiaL
29. Norepinephrine is released from:?
all autonomic nerves
parasympathetic nerves
the vagus nerve
sympathetic nerves
30. The following could occur together effectively EXCEPT:?
increase heart rate
sweating
digestion
pupil dilation
31. A tract is collection of fibers (axon) in?
Central nervous system
Peripheral nervous system
Autonomic nervous system
Somatic nervous system
32. Which of the following carry sensory impulses to the CNS from receptors in muscle or skin?
general somatic efferent fibers
general somatic afferent fibers
general visceral afferent fibers
general visceral efferent fibers
33. Acetylcholine is decomposed by _____almost as fast as it is released.?
monoamine oxidase
MAO inhibitors
norepinephrine
acetylcholinesterase
34. The following belong together EXCEPT which one?
norepinephrine
acetylcholine
epinephrine
adrenalin
35. The primary neurotransmitter from the parasympathetic system that influences its autonomic targets is?
Acetylcholine.
Adenosine.
Norepinephrine.
Nopamine.
Ch21: Water & Electrolytes
36. Where is most water found in the body?
blood plasma
whole blood
tissue spaces
in cells
37. Which of these is relatively high in extracellular fluids?
Potassium
Potassium
Phosphate
Sodium
38. What is the most abundant extracellular cation?
K+
Mg++
Cl-
Na+
39. What is the main force that causes fluid to leave the plasma compartment?
hydrostatic
osmosis
dialysis
filtration
40. What is the greatest regulator of water intake?
kidneys
gastrointestinal system
adequate diet
hypothalamus
41. The greatest amount of body water is lost through: ?
sweating
defecation
urine
breathing
42. Excessive vomiting usually results in the phenomenon of :?
water intoxication
dehydration
edema
hypoproteinemia
43. Which ion is directly related to calcium homeostasis?
Mg++
K+
PO43-
Cl-
44. Which cells are most sensitive to electrolyte changes?
osteoblasts
epithelial
leukocytes
neurons
45. Which is the most abundant intracellular cation?
PO43-
HCO3-
Cl-
K+
46. What will happen when erythrocytes are placed in a hypotonic solution?
will swell
will shrink
will change
will move
47. What minimum amount of body water loss can the osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus detect?
1%
5%
10%
15%
48. Which hormone control regulation of Calcium?
Calcitonin & PTH
Calcitonin & aldolsteron
Aldosteron & PTH
Aldosteron & renin
49. The supporting cells that form myelin sheaths in the peripheral nervous system are ?
Satellite cells
Schwann cells
Astrocytes
Microglia
50. A collection of neuron cell bodies located outside the CNS is called?
A tract
A nucleus
A nucleus
A ganglion
51. Which of these neurons are unipolar?
Sensory neurons
Somatic motor neurons
Neurons in the retina
Automatic motor neurons
52. Depolarization of an axon is produced by?
Active extrusion of potassium
Inward diffusion of sodium
Outward diffusion of potassium
Inward active transport of sodium
53. Repolarization of an axon during an action potential is produced by?
Inward diffusion of sodium
Active extrusion of potassium
Outward diffusion of potassium
Inward active transport of sodium
54. Which of these is not a characteristic of synaptic potentials?
They are all or none in amplitude
They decrease in amplitude with distance
They are produced in dendrites and cell bodies
They are graded in the amplitude
55. The summation of EPSPs from numerous presynaptic nerve fibers converging onto one postsynaptic neuron is called?
Spatial summation
Long-term potentiation
Temporal summation
Synaptic plasticity
56. Which of these statements about ACh receptors is false?
Skeletal muscles contain nicotinic ACh receptors
The heart contains muscarinic ACh receptors
Stimulation of ACh receptors produces tachycardia
Autonomic ganglions contains ACh receptors
57. Which of these may be produced by the action of muscarinic receptors in the heart?
Tachycardia
Bradycardia
Broncho-constriction
Mydriasis
58. A neurotransmitter, Norepinephrine is released?
Sympathethic preganglionic fibers
ParaSympathethic preganglionic fibers
Sympathethic postganglionic fibers
Autonomic preganglionic fibers
59. Which cranial nerves are parasympathetic?
CNI, CNIII, CNV, CNIX
CNIII, CNV, CNIX, CNX
CNIII, CNVII, CNIX, CNX
CNIII, CNVII, CNIX, CNX
60. Main function of Parasympathetic nervous system is?
Fight or Flight
Rest and Digest
Relax and Flight
Digest and Feed
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