Final Exam Physiolog (WNT)
Final Exam in Physiology (WNT)
Test your knowledge on essential concepts of physiology with this comprehensive quiz covering topics in the nervous system, brain fun
- 50 challenging multiple-choice questions
- Covers key physiological concepts
- Great for exam preparation or self-assessment
The normal sequence of structures activated for signal transmission and response in the body is
Effector—afferent neuron—interneuron—efferent neuron-receptor.
Effector—efferent neuron—interneuron—afferent neuron-receptor.
Receptor—afferent neuron—interneuron—efferent neuron-effector
Receptor—efferent neuron—interneuron—afferent neuron-effector.
Which of the following is (are) not part of the peripheral nervous system?
Motor neurons
Spinal cord
Sympathetic nervous system
Afferent division
Afferent neurons
Transmit messages to the spinal cord
Transmit information to effector organs
Have a motor function
None of these answers
Which of the following is not a function of astrocytes?
Holding the neurons together in proper spatial relationship
Lining the internal cavities of the brain and spinal cord
Inducing the formation of the blood-brain barrier
Take up excess K+ to help maintain proper brain ECF ion concentration.
Forming neural scar tissue
An imaging technology in which images are reconstructed from differences in X-ray absorption is
Magnetic resonance imaging.
Positron emission tomography.
Radioactive tracing imaging
Computerized axial tomography.
Which type of glial cell lines the ventricles of the brain?
Astrocytes
Neurons
Ependymal cells
Oligodendrocytes
Which statement regarding CSF production and flow is correct?
CSF enter the meningeal layer through the cerebral aqueduct.
CSF is produced along the spinal cord
CSF is produced by meningeal cells
CSF flows inferiorly along the dorsal subarachnoid space of the spinal cord.
The blood-brain barrier
Limits the direct exchange of materials between the cerebrospinal fluid and brain.
Is formed in part by the tight junctions between the brain capillary cells.
Consists of the astrocyte processes that encircle the brain capillaries.
Both (a) and (b) above.
Which glial cells possess phagocytic abilities?
Astrocytes.
Ependymal cells
Neurons.
Microglia.
Which part of the brain controls thirst and urine output, food intake, and body temperature, among other things?
Cerebral cortex
Hypothalamus
Basal nuclei
Thalamus
The limbic system
Is a ring of forebrain structures surrounding the brain stem
Plays a key role in emotion.
Contains regions designated as reward and punishment centers
Two of these answers are correct.
All of these answers.
What part of the brain plays a vital role in short-term memory involving the integration of various related stimuli and is also crucial for consolidation into long-term memory?
Hippocampus
Basal nuclei
Cerebellum
Cerebral cortex
The neurotransmitter required for log term potentiation is
Epinephrine.
Norepinephrine
Acetylcholine
Glycine.5-10
In Alzheimer patients, neural damage from amyloid plaques, may cause neuronal damage by
Breaking down the blood-brain barrier.
Inducing glutamate toxicity.
Increasing calcium influx
Both (a) and (b) above.
Both (b) and (c) above.5-11
Efferent neurons are the most abundant type of neuron.
False
True
Astrocytes take up the neurotransmitter GABA.
False
True
Oligodendrocytes form myelin around the axons of the CNS.
True
False
The blood-brain-barrier prevents an increase in the concentration of potassium ions in the ECF surrounding brain cells.
True
False
Hydrocephalus is caused by insufficient cerebrospinal fluid.
False
True
Ninety percent of the cells within the CNS are neurons.
True
False
Microglia are phagocytic cells delivered by the blood to the central nervous system
False
True
Most brain tumors of neural origin consist of glial cells.
False
True
The brain lacks plasticity of functions
True
False
The cerebral cortex is an inner core of white matter.
True
False
Adjacent cardiac muscle cells are joined together end-to-end in the ventricles by
Falseintercalated discs
Sarcomeres
Purkinje fibers.
Sinoatrial nodes
The aortic valve opens
At the start of systole
when ventricular pressure exceeds aortic pressure.
at the maximum ventricular pressure
Immediately after atrial contraction
Which of the following ECG waves represents ventricular repolarization?
P wave
QRS complex.
T wave
PR segment
Ventricular repolarization occurs simultaneously with atrial depolarization and consequently cannot be recorded.
The QRS complex represents
Depolarization of the atria.
Depolarization of the ventricles
The AV nodal delay
Repolarization of the ventricles
The time during which the heart is contracting.
The end-systolic volume is
The volume of blood in the ventricle when ejection is complete.
The volume of blood in the ventricle when filling is complete
Always equal to the stroke volume.
The volume of blood in the ventricle when ejection is complete and always equal to the stroke volume
The volume of blood in the ventricle when filling is complete and always equal to the stroke volume.
The heart valves open and close due to
Attachment to the heart muscle.
Na+ and K+ fluxes during ventricular depolarization.
Turbulent flow in the atria and ventricles
A pressure difference on the two sides of the valve.
End systolic volume refer to:
Volume of blood inside the atria at the end of relaxation
Volume of blood inside the ventricle at the end of contraction
Volume of blood inside the atria at the end of contraction
Volume of blood inside the ventricle at the end of relaxation
The most effective value to monitor cardiac function is:
EDV
ESV
Ejection fraction
Stroke volume
One of the following is true about isovolemetric ventricular contraction:
Ventricular pressure more than aortic pressure
Aortic valve is open
Atrioventricular valve is open
First heart sound happen in this phase
Blood volume inside the ventricle increase at this phase
What is the plasma protein that responsible of defense against infections
Albumin
Fibrinogen
A-globulin
Gamma-globulin
Beta-globulin
The serum is :
Plasma without clotting factors
Plasma with clotting factors
Plasma without albumin
Plasma without globulin
Tissue fluid is the same as interstitial fluid; and may form lymph fluid that returns to the venous blood through lymphatic vessels.
True
False
The lymph nodes within the lymphatic system are considered part of the excretory system
False
True
Normal blood pH ranges from 7.35 to 7.45
False
True
Alpha, beta, and gamma globulins are all plasma proteins produced by the liver; and they all function as antibodies in immune defense against foreign antigens.
False
True
The most abundant type of leukocyte, comprising 50% to 70% of all white blood cells in the blood, is the lymphocyte
True
False
Neutrophils are actually enlarged monocytes that produce and secrete large amounts of antibodies into the blood when activated by antigens.
True
False
Erythropoietin is a hormone secreted by the kidneys in response to lowered blood oxygen concentrations, stimulating the erythrocyte stem cells in the bone marrow to divide
True
False
A prostaglandin derivative that is believed to normally prevent platelets from sticking to each other and to the endothelial lining of healthy blood vessels is called thromboxane A2
True
False
The drug, aspirin, is an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis and would be expected to inhibit the platelet release reaction and thus slow the formation of a platelet plug
False
True
Plasma is actually serum that is lacking the clotting factor protein called fibrinogen.
True
False
Heparin is the specific anticoagulant that must be given to a patient for several days before it becomes effective because it competes directly with the action of vitamin K
False
True
In general, the kidneys regulate the carbon dioxide concentration of the blood and the lungs regulate the bicarbonate concentration of the blood.
True
False
Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus is a clinical condition that can result in a metabolic alkalosis
True
False
A muscular wall called a septum prevents the mixture of blood between the left and right sides of the heart.
False
True
يش بعنيلك حٝسام عياصرة 🤔؟!
سّٝااح 😉
ملييح 😝
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All of The Above
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