Histology 2F
Histology Quiz: Respiratory System
Test your knowledge of respiratory system histology with this comprehensive quiz! Covering a variety of topics from alveolar cells to lung development, this quiz is designed for students and professionals alike.
You'll explore key concepts such as:
- Pneumocytes and alveolar fun
ctions - Structure and fun
ction of the trachea - Development stages of the respiratory system
What is true regarding pneumocyte 2?
Produces surfactant
Has many organelles
Is called the alveolar type 2 cell
Its typical feature are lamellar bodies
What is true regarding alveoli?
Type 1 pneumocyte makes up ≈ 97% of the alveolar surface
Type 1 pneumocytes of epithelium produces surfactant
Are separated by interalveolar septa
Are lined with squamous epithelium
What is true regarding the trachea?
Its wall consists of mucosa, submucosa and adventitia
The mucosa consists of epithelium and lamina propria
Tracheal cartilages consists of elastic cartilage
Lamina propria of the mucosa is rich in mucous glands
Seromucous glands are numerous in the submucosa
About 16-20 cartilaginous rings can be found in the wall of the trachea
Respiratory portion of respiratory system includes:
Main bronchi
Respiratory bronchioles
Nasal cavity
Respiratory epithelium
What is true regarding the nasal cavities?
Internal cavity is called the nasal fossae
The external portion is called the vestibule
In the mucosa we can find lamellar bodies
The inferior conchae is covered by olfactory epithelium
The superior conchae is covered by olfactory epithelium
Nasal fossae communicates with the paranasal sinuses
What is included in the interalveolar septa?
Dust cells
Fibrocytes
Elastic fibers
Continuous capillaries
Clara cells:
Cells that belong to the typical ion-pumping cells
Cells that apically possesses cilia
Cuboidal cells
Present in respiratory bronchioles and bronchiolar epithelium
What is true regarding the respiratory epithelium?
Consists of ciliated cells
Has many alveolar cells
Changes in height during subsequent of the bronchial tree
Posesses goblet cells
Does not contain a basal lamina
There are small granule cells present
Ciliated columnar cells constitute the most abundant type
What causes the ventilation process?
Presence of elastic fibers in the stroma of the lungs
Concentration of intercostal muscle cells
Contraction of the diaphragm
Movement of the cilia of the respiratory epithelium
What is true regarding the terminal bronchiole?
It is an element of the so-called conducting part of the respiratory system
It has a continuous wall
It is an element of the so-called respiratory part of the respiratory system
It passes into the respiratory bronchiole
What epithelium lines the trachea?
Transitional epithelium
Stratified squamous epithelium
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells
Endothelium
Where are clara cells located?
In the epithelium of the bronchiole
In the lumen of the alveoli
In the alveolar epithelium
In the epithelium of the olfactory membrane
What does the blood-air-barrier consist of?
Type II pneumocytes
Type I pneumocytes
Clara cells
Goblet cells
The interalveolar septa contains:
Elastic cartilage
A dense network of capillaries
Plenty of very thick collagen bundles
Fibrocytes
What describes the respiratory bronchiole?
It is an element of the so-called conducting part of the respiratory system
It has a perforated wall
It is an element of the so-called respiratory part of the respiratory system
The alveoli opens to its lumen
Lung development:
The cranial lung develops earlier than the caudal lung
The caudal lung develops earlier than the cranial lung
The primary bronchus buds appear at the beginning of the 5th week of prenatal development
Some of the bronchial tree branching is made after birth
Caudal lung lobes develop slower than cranial lung lobes
Development of the respiratory system:
The ventral part of the foregut develops into the respiratory diverticulum
Starts at ≈ 4th week of prenatal life
Dorsal ventricular portion of alimentary and respiratory tract is because of mitogens concentration
Cranial lung lobes develop earlies than caudal lung lobes
Respiratory diverticulum starts developing due to influence of mesenchymal factors such as FGFs
During the development the respiratory diverticulum is separated from the foregut by the tracheoesophageal septa
Pulmonary agenesis vs. Pulmonary aplasia
Pulmonary agenesis is the result of a lack in bronchi and lung
Pulmonary aplasia is the result of a lack of lung parenchyma
Pulmonary agenesis is often caused by the FGF-10 gene mutation
Stages of respiratory system development:
The first stage is pseudoglandular
The respiration of the fetus is possible during canalicular phase
Secondary septa is thinner than the primary septa
The alveolar stage is the last stage
The alveolar stage begins at ≈ the 32nd week of pregnancy
During pseudoglandular stage the conducting portion of the lung is fully developed
The alveolar stage finishes during the first year of prenatal life
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