A&P 2
Comprehensive Anatomy and Physiology Quiz
Test your knowledge with our engaging Anatomy and Physiology quiz, featuring 50 thought-provoking questions designed to challenge students and enthusiasts alike.
Discover your understanding of:
- Cerebrospinal fluid
- The fun
ction of the hypothalamus - Kidney operation and hormone effects
- Nervous system processes and action potentials
Concerning the cerebrospinal fluid;
€¢ it is formed at the rate of about 1.5 litres in 24 hours
€¢ its osmolarity is about half that of plasma
€¢ it has a volume of about 150 mls
€¢ its specific gravity is about half that of the brain
The spinal cord feature associated with the bundle of nerves supplying the upper limbs is the
€¢ brachial enlargement
€¢ lateral gray horns
€¢ brachial plexus
€¢ cervical enlargement
The hypothalamus;
€¢ lies in an inferior position to the pituitary gland
€¢ lies in the mesencephalon
€¢ contains neurones specifically sensitive to a rise in temperature
€¢ secretes melatonin
The pineal gland is located in the;
€¢ corpus callosum
€¢ mesencephalon
€¢ hypothalamus
€¢ epithalamus
Cerebrospinal fluid;
€¢ is absorbed into the arterial sinuses
€¢ contains less protein than plasma
€¢ would be formed at a greater rate if the plasma became hypertonic
€¢ is formed by simple ultrafiltration of plasma
The negative feedback system for temperature control originates from the;
€¢ hypothalamus
€¢ frontal lobe
€¢ brain stem
€¢ limbic system
Which one of the following is NOT a function of the hypothalamus?
Homeostatic control of blood temperature
Homeostatic control of fluid intake
Homeostatic control of internal eye pressure
Homeostatic control of heart rate
With respect to spinal reflexes;
The response only ever leads to the contraction of one muscle
Every reflex involves at least one synapse in the spinal cord
Reflexes may be elicited if the dorsal roots are cut
Every reflex involves a synapse in the dorsal root ganglion
Connection pathways between the left and right cerebral hemispheres form the;
Limbic system
Thalamus
Brain stem
Corpus callosum
The triangular regions of the kidneys that are striped in appearance and separated by the renal columns are the;
Renal cortex
Renal pelvis
Renal pyramids
Renal calyces
What effect would vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus have?
An increase in ultrafiltrate production
A decrease in renin secretion
A decrease in ultrafiltrate production
An increase in sodium reabsorption
Which of the following is NOT an effect of aldosterone?
Increase in sodium ion excretion
Increase in water retention
Increase in potassium ion concentration
Higher blood pressure
A substance, identified as 'X', is freely filterable and is excreted at a rate (in moles per minute) that is lower than the filtered load. On the basis of this information alone, which of the following is the most precise conclusion that can be drawn regarding the kidneys' processing of X
X is definitely reabsorbed and maybe secreted
X is neither reabsorbed nor secreted
X is definitely reabsorbed and secreted
X is definitely secreted and maybe reabsorbed
Which one of the following substances is normally found in urine?
Blood proteins
Haemoglobin
White blood cells
Creatinine
The kidneys are situated in a;
Retroperitoneal position
Hypoabdominal position
Hyperthoracic position
Supracural position
Which one of the following is NOT one of the functions of the kidney?
Produce glucose in times of starvation
Convert vitamin D from its inactive form to its active form
Produce hormones that assist in digestion
Regulate blood volume
Concerning the kidneys and their function;
The hydrostatic pressure of the ultrafiltrate in the Bowman's capsule favours the formation of glomerular filtrate
The wall of the thick segment of the ascending loop of Henle is impermeable to water
The colloid osmotic pressure of blood in the glomerulus favours the formation of glomerular filtrate
In water diuresis, the permeability of the collecting duct is increased by comparison with the non-diuretic situation
Excessive secretion of growth hormone by the pituitary gland in adults only, results in;
Graves disease
Acromegaly
Cretinism
Gigantism
Which of the following hormones leads to a DECREASE in blood glucose?
Insulin
Cortisol
Growth Hormone
Glucagon
Which of the following are released from the adrenal medulla?
Catecholamines
Glucocorticoids
Mineralocorticoids
Adrenal Androgens
Which of the following is NOT a class of hormones?
Catecholamines
Carbohydrates
Thyroid hormones
Peptides
A hormone that is bound to a plasma protein
Rapidly stimulates its target cells
Has a relatively short life
Is rapidly removed from the blood by the kidneys
Is inactive in its bound state
Which of the following hormones is NOT released from an Endocrine gland?
Oestrodiol (an Oestrogen)
Thyroid hormone (T3 and T4)
Cortisol ( a glucocorticoid)
Insulin
Which of the following are released from the posterior pituitary?
Cortisol
Adrenaline
Oxytocin
Thyrotropin releasing hormone
Diabetes insipidus is caused by hypersecretion of
Glucagon
Antidiuretic hormone
Growth hormone
Parathyroid hormone
Which statement about action potentials is INCORRECT?
They are all or nothing
They are conducted without decrement
They can be summed
They have a refractory period
Which is true of calcium at the presynaptic cell?
Calcium enters the presynaptic cell after the neurotransmitter vesicles are released
Calcium does not enter the presynaptic terminals
Calcium enters the cell before the neurotransmitter vesicles are released
Calcium enters the presynaptic cell prior to the action potential reaching the terminals
Cell bodies in the dorsal root ganglia are cell bodies of ...
Sensory neurones
Sensory AND motor neurones
Motor neurones
Interneurones
With respect to the Parasympathetic Nervous System, which of the following is FALSE?
Has ganglia near to the spinal cord
Is termed the 'rest and digest' system
Is the 'cranial-sacral' division of the autonomic nervous system
May terminate in axons that release Acetyl Choline
Which is true of Cranial nerves?
Cranial nerves may be sensory only
Cranial nerves may be mixed (sensory and motor fibres)
Cranial nerves may be motor only
All of the above
The fastest nerve fibres in the human body transmit impulses at around
10 meters/second
50 meters/second
100 meters/second
500 meters/second
Which of these is a synapse?
The junction between a neurone and another neurone
The junction between a neurone and a muscle
The junction between a neurone and a gland
All of the above
At rest the plasma membrane of neurones is
More permeable to Sodium than to Potassium
More permeable to Potassium than to Sodium
Impermeable to Sodium and Potassium
Equally permeable to Sodium and Potassium
After the peak of the action potential, membrane potential is returned towards its resting potential by
An increase in chloride permeability.
An increase in sodium permeability.
All of the above.
An increase in potassium permeability.
Water is absorbed AGAINST its strongest concentration gradient in ...
The large intestine
The small intestine
The stomach
The mouth
The primary function of the small intestine is;
Vitamin conversion
Waste secretion
Absorption of water
Absorption of nutrients
Which of the following is NOT true of Gastrin?
Increases gastric enzyme secretion
Increases gastrointestinal motility
Decreases gastric acid production
Promotes the growth of gastro-intestinal mucosa
Which of the following has its uptake from the digestive tract closely regulated:
Iron
Carbohydrate
Fats
Vitamin C
Enzymes and bile are carried by the pancreatic duct and bile duct into the;
Large intestine
Duodenum
Ileum
Jejunum
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