PATH Chapter 2 Fluids, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Imbalances

Create a medical-themed image showing fluid and electrolyte balance in the human body, including elements like water, blood, electrolytes, and anatomical diagrams relevant to physiotherapy and medicine.

Fluids and Electrolyte Imbalances Quiz

Test your knowledge on fluids, electrolytes, and acid-base imbalances with this comprehensive quiz designed for healthcare professionals and students alike. Challenge yourself with 36 questions that cover essential concepts and clinical applications of fluid balance in the human body.

Topics include:

Hydration and Dehydration
Acid-Base Balance
Electrolyte Functions
Common Pathophysiological Conditions

36 Questions9 MinutesCreated by AssessingKnowledge101

Insensible fluid loss refers to water lost through:

Perspiration only

Feces only

Perspiration and expiration

Urine and feces

Which of the following would result from a deficit of plasma proteins?

Increased osmotic pressure

Decreased osmotic pressure

Increased hydrostatic pressure

Decreased hydrostatic pressure

Which of the following would cause edema?

Decreased capillary hydrostatic pressure

Increased capillary osmotic pressure

Decreased capillary permeability

Increased capillary permeability

Which of following would likely be related to an elevated hematocrit reading?

Fluid excess

Fluid deficit

Increased sodium level

Decreased erythrocytes

Which of the following is a typical sign of dehydration?

Rapid, strong pulse

Low hematocrit

Increased urine output

Rough oral mucosa

Which of the following us a common cause of hyponatremia?

Loss of thrist mechanism

Excessive sweating

Excessive aldosterone secretion

Prolonged period of rapid, deep respirations

Which of the following is a common effect of both hypokalemia and hyperkalemia?

Skeletal muscle twitch and cramps

Oliguria

Elevated serum pH

Cardiac arrhythmias

Choose the correct effect of increased parathyroid hormone

Increased movement of calcium ions into the bones

Increased activation of vitamin D

Increased absorption of calcium from the digestive tract

Decreased reabsorption of calcium in the kidneys

Which of the following results from hypocalcemia?

Low serum phosphate levels and nausea and constipation

Low serum phosphate levels and weak cardiac contractions

Nausea and constipation and skeletal muscle twitch and spasms

Skeletal muscle twitch and spasms and weak cardiac contractions

In which of the following processes is phosphate ion NOT a major component?

Bone metabolism

Metabolic processes involving adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Blood clotting

Acid-base balance

When many excess hydrogen ions accumulate in the blood, what happens to serum pH? The pH:

Decreases

Increases

Remains constant

Varies, based on metabolism

What is the slowest but most effective control for acid-base balance?

Respiratory system

Buffer systems in the blood

Kidneys

Brain

Which of the following is essential in order to maintain serum pH within normal range?

Carbonic acid and bicarbonate ion must be present in equal quanities

All excess carbonic acid must be excreted by the kidneys

The concentration of bicarbonate ion must remain constant

The ratio of carbonic acid to bicarbonate ion must be 1:20

Which is the correct effect on the body of abnormally slow respirations?

Increased carbonic acid

Decreased carbonic acid

Increased bicarbonate ion

Decreased bicarbonate ion

Which condition is likely to cause metabolic acidosis?

Shallow respirations

Prolonged diarrhea

Mild vomiting

Excessive fluid in the body

Which serum value indicates decompensated metabolic acidosis?

PH is below normal range

PH is above normal range

Bicarbonate level decreases

Bicarbonate level increases

What is the effect on blood serum when excessive latic acid accumulates in the body?

Bicarbonate ion levels decrease

Bicarbonate ion levels increase

Carbonic acid levels increase

PH increases

The direct effect of acidosis are manifested primarily in the functioning of the:

Digestive system

Urinary system

Nervous system

Respiratory system

Compensation machanisms in the body for dehydration would include:

Increased antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Decreases aldosterone

Slow, strong heart contraction

Peripheral vasodilation

Which acid-base imbalance results from impaired expiration due ro emphysema?

Metabolic acidosis

Metabolic alkalosis

Respiratory acidosis

Respiratory alkalosis

In patient with impaired expiration associated with emphysema, effective compensation for the acid-base imbalance would be:

Increased rate and depth of repiration

Increased urine pH and decreased serum bicarbonate

Decreased rate and depth of respiration

Decreased urine pH and increased serum bicarbonate

An anxiety attack often causes hyperventilation leading to:

Increased PCO2

Decreased PCO2

Respiratory acidosis

Metabolic acidosis

One of the factors involved in the increased need in infants is:

Proportionally smaller body surface area

Higher metabolic rate

Smaller respiratory capacity

Greater surface area of exposed mucous membranes

Which of the following is a manifestation of respiratory alkalosis?

Bradycardia and deep rapid breathing

Drowsiness and general lethargy

Increased nerous system irritablity

Decreased urine pH

Prolonged diarrhea results in:

Loss of fluid and bicarbonate ions, leading to metabolic acidosis

Loss of chloride ions only, leading to metabolic alkalosis

Increased fluid and serum bicarbonate ions, leading to metabolic alkalosis

Surplus bicarbonate ions, leading to respiratory alkalosis

In the intitial stage, vomiting results in:

Metabolic acidosis

Metabolic alkalosis

Respiratory alkalosis

None of the above

Hypocalcemia causes weak cardiac contractions because:

Permeability of nerve membranes increases

Insufficient calcium ions are available for muscle contraction

Low phosphate ion levels prevent muscle contraction

Excessive amounts of calcium are stored in cardiac muscle

What are the three mechanisms that control or compensate for serum pH?

Hypothalamus, metabolic changes by digestive system, lymphatic system filtration

Buffer pairs in blood, change in kidney excretion rate, change in respiration rate

Neural feedback, increase in heart rate, decrease in calcium intake

Modification of water intake, increased capillary permeability, decrease in blood volume

Hypokalemia refers to a condition in which the serum has a very low level of which ion?

Sodium

Phosphate

Calcium

Potassium

In the blood and extracellular fluids, hypernatremia refers to:

A deficient sodium level

An excess phosphate level

An excess sodium level

An excessively low phosphate level

Increased milk and/or antacid intake can contribute to development of "milk-alkali sydrome," which can cause which of the following?

Hyponatremia

Hyperkalemia

Hypercalcemia

Hypovolemia

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PATH Chapter 2 Fluids, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Imbalances

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