PATH Chapter 2 Fluids, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Imbalances
Fluids and Electrolyte Imbalances Quiz
Test your knowledge on fluids, electrolytes, and acid-base imbalances with this comprehensive quiz designed for healthcare professionals and students alike. Challenge yourself with 36 questions that cover essential concepts and clinical applications of fluid balance in the human body.
Topics include:
- Hydration and Dehydration
- Acid-Base Balance
- Electrolyte Fun
ctions - Common Pathophysiological Conditions
Choose the correct proportion of water to body weight to be expected in a healthy male adult's body:
30%
45%
60%
70%
Insensible fluid loss refers to water lost through:
Perspiration only
Feces only
Perspiration and expiration
Urine and feces
Which of the following would result from a deficit of plasma proteins?
Increased osmotic pressure
Decreased osmotic pressure
Increased hydrostatic pressure
Decreased hydrostatic pressure
Which of the following would cause edema?
Decreased capillary hydrostatic pressure
Increased capillary osmotic pressure
Decreased capillary permeability
Increased capillary permeability
Which of following would likely be related to an elevated hematocrit reading?
Fluid excess
Fluid deficit
Increased sodium level
Decreased erythrocytes
Which of the following is a typical sign of dehydration?
Rapid, strong pulse
Low hematocrit
Increased urine output
Rough oral mucosa
Which of the following us a common cause of hyponatremia?
Loss of thrist mechanism
Excessive sweating
Excessive aldosterone secretion
Prolonged period of rapid, deep respirations
Which of the following is a common effect of both hypokalemia and hyperkalemia?
Skeletal muscle twitch and cramps
Oliguria
Elevated serum pH
Cardiac arrhythmias
Choose the correct effect of increased parathyroid hormone
Increased movement of calcium ions into the bones
Increased activation of vitamin D
Increased absorption of calcium from the digestive tract
Decreased reabsorption of calcium in the kidneys
Which of the following results from hypocalcemia?
Low serum phosphate levels and nausea and constipation
Low serum phosphate levels and weak cardiac contractions
Nausea and constipation and skeletal muscle twitch and spasms
Skeletal muscle twitch and spasms and weak cardiac contractions
In which of the following processes is phosphate ion NOT a major component?
Bone metabolism
Metabolic processes involving adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
Blood clotting
Acid-base balance
When many excess hydrogen ions accumulate in the blood, what happens to serum pH? The pH:
Decreases
Increases
Remains constant
Varies, based on metabolism
What is the slowest but most effective control for acid-base balance?
Respiratory system
Buffer systems in the blood
Kidneys
Brain
Which of the following is essential in order to maintain serum pH within normal range?
Carbonic acid and bicarbonate ion must be present in equal quanities
All excess carbonic acid must be excreted by the kidneys
The concentration of bicarbonate ion must remain constant
The ratio of carbonic acid to bicarbonate ion must be 1:20
Which is the correct effect on the body of abnormally slow respirations?
Increased carbonic acid
Decreased carbonic acid
Increased bicarbonate ion
Decreased bicarbonate ion
Which condition is likely to cause metabolic acidosis?
Shallow respirations
Prolonged diarrhea
Mild vomiting
Excessive fluid in the body
Which serum value indicates decompensated metabolic acidosis?
PH is below normal range
PH is above normal range
Bicarbonate level decreases
Bicarbonate level increases
What is the effect on blood serum when excessive latic acid accumulates in the body?
Bicarbonate ion levels decrease
Bicarbonate ion levels increase
Carbonic acid levels increase
PH increases
The direct effect of acidosis are manifested primarily in the functioning of the:
Digestive system
Urinary system
Nervous system
Respiratory system
Compensation machanisms in the body for dehydration would include:
Increased antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Decreases aldosterone
Slow, strong heart contraction
Peripheral vasodilation
Which acid-base imbalance results from impaired expiration due ro emphysema?
Metabolic acidosis
Metabolic alkalosis
Respiratory acidosis
Respiratory alkalosis
In patient with impaired expiration associated with emphysema, effective compensation for the acid-base imbalance would be:
Increased rate and depth of repiration
Increased urine pH and decreased serum bicarbonate
Decreased rate and depth of respiration
Decreased urine pH and increased serum bicarbonate
An anxiety attack often causes hyperventilation leading to:
Increased PCO2
Decreased PCO2
Respiratory acidosis
Metabolic acidosis
One of the factors involved in the increased need in infants is:
Proportionally smaller body surface area
Higher metabolic rate
Smaller respiratory capacity
Greater surface area of exposed mucous membranes
Which of the following is a manifestation of respiratory alkalosis?
Bradycardia and deep rapid breathing
Drowsiness and general lethargy
Increased nerous system irritablity
Decreased urine pH
Prolonged diarrhea results in:
Loss of fluid and bicarbonate ions, leading to metabolic acidosis
Loss of chloride ions only, leading to metabolic alkalosis
Increased fluid and serum bicarbonate ions, leading to metabolic alkalosis
Surplus bicarbonate ions, leading to respiratory alkalosis
In the intitial stage, vomiting results in:
Metabolic acidosis
Metabolic alkalosis
Respiratory alkalosis
None of the above
Hypocalcemia causes weak cardiac contractions because:
Permeability of nerve membranes increases
Insufficient calcium ions are available for muscle contraction
Low phosphate ion levels prevent muscle contraction
Excessive amounts of calcium are stored in cardiac muscle
What are the three mechanisms that control or compensate for serum pH?
Hypothalamus, metabolic changes by digestive system, lymphatic system filtration
Buffer pairs in blood, change in kidney excretion rate, change in respiration rate
Neural feedback, increase in heart rate, decrease in calcium intake
Modification of water intake, increased capillary permeability, decrease in blood volume
Hypokalemia refers to a condition in which the serum has a very low level of which ion?
Sodium
Phosphate
Calcium
Potassium
{"name":"PATH Chapter 2 Fluids, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Imbalances", "url":"https://www.quiz-maker.com/QPREVIEW","txt":"Test your knowledge on fluids, electrolytes, and acid-base imbalances with this comprehensive quiz designed for healthcare professionals and students alike. Challenge yourself with 36 questions that cover essential concepts and clinical applications of fluid balance in the human body. Topics include: Hydration and DehydrationAcid-Base BalanceElectrolyte FunctionsCommon Pathophysiological Conditions","img":"https:/images/course8.png"}