Chapter 46
Cardiac Care Quiz for Children
Test your knowledge on pediatric cardiac care with our comprehensive quiz! This quiz consists of 33 questions designed to challenge your understanding of congenital heart defects, postoperative care, and management strategies for children with cardiac conditions.
Topics covered include:
- Cardiac assessment techniques
- Postoperative care after cardiac procedures
- Congenital heart defects and their implications
- Medication administration and safety
Which postoperative intervention should be questioned for a child after a cardiac catheterization?
Continue intravenous (IV) fluids until the infant is tolerating oral fluids.
Check the dressing for bleeding.
Assess peripheral circulation on the affected extremity.
Keep the affected leg flexed and elevated.
Which information should be included in the nurse’s discharge instructions for a child who underwent a cardiac catheterization earlier in the day?
Pressure dressing is changed daily for the first week.
The child may soak in the tub beginning tomorrow.
Contact sports can be resumed in 2 days.
The child can return to school on the third day after the procedure.
The nurse is admitting a child to the hospital for a cardiac workup. What is the first step in a cardiac assessment?
Percussion
Palpation
Auscultation
History and inspection
In which situation is there a risk that a newborn infant will have a congenital heart defect (CHD)?
Trisomy 21 detected on amniocentesis
Family history of myocardial infarction
Father has type 1 diabetes mellitus
Older sibling born with Turner syndrome
Before giving a dose of digoxin (Lanoxin), the nurse checked an infant’s apical heart rate and it was 114 bpm. What should the nurse do next?
Administer the dose as ordered.
Hold the medication until the next dose.
Wait and recheck the apical heart rate in 30 minutes.
Notify the physician about the infant’s heart rate.
What intervention should be included in the plan of care for an infant with the nursing diagnosis of Excess Fluid Volume related to congestive heart failure?
Weigh the infant every day on the same scale at the same time.
Notify the physician when weight gain exceeds more than 20 g/day.
Put the infant in a car seat to minimize movement.
Administer digoxin (Lanoxin) as ordered by the physician.
The nurse assessing a premature newborn infant auscultates a continuous machinery-like murmur. This finding is associated with which congenital heart defect?
Pulmonary stenosis
Patent ductus arteriosus
Ventricular septal defect
Coarctation of the aorta
What is an expected assessment finding in a child with coarctation of the aorta?
Orthostatic hypotension
Systolic hypertension in the lower extremities
Blood pressure higher on the left side of the body
Disparity in blood pressure between the upper and lower extremities
A child with pulmonary atresia exhibits cyanosis with feeding. On reviewing this child’s laboratory values, the nurse is not surprised to notice which abnormality?
Polycythemia
Infection
Dehydration
Anemia
Which statement made by a parent indicates understanding of restrictions for a child after cardiac surgery?
�My child needs to get extra rest for a few weeks.”
�My son is really looking forward to riding his bike next week.”
�I’m so glad we can attend religious services as a family this coming Sunday.”
�I am going to keep my child out of daycare for 6 weeks.”
A child had an aortic stenosis defect surgically repaired 6 months ago. Which antibiotic prophylaxis is indicated for an upcoming tonsillectomy?
No antibiotic prophylaxis is necessary.
Amoxicillin is taken orally 1 hour before the procedure.
Oral penicillin is given for 7 to 10 days before the procedure.
Parenteral antibiotics are administered for 5 to 7 days after the procedure.
The nurse discovers a heart murmur in an infant 1 hour after birth. She is aware that fetal shunts are closed in the neonate at what point?
When the umbilical cord is cut
Within several days of birth
Within a month after birth
By the end of the first year of life
When assessing a child for possible congenital heart defects (CHDs), where should the nurse measure blood pressure?
The right arm
The left arm
All four extremities
Both arms while the child is crying
What is the nurse’s first action when planning to teach the parents of an infant with a CHD?
Assess the parents’ anxiety level and readiness to learn.
Gather literature for the parents.
Secure a quiet place for teaching.
Discuss the plan with the nursing team.
Before preparing a teaching plan for the parents of an infant with ductus arteriosus, it is important that the nurse understands this condition. Which statement best describes patent ductus arteriosus?
Patent ductus arteriosus involves a defect that results in a right-to-left shunting of blood in the heart.
Patent ductus arteriosus involves a defect in which the fetal shunt between the aorta and the pulmonary artery fails to close.
Patent ductus arteriosus is a stenotic lesion that must be surgically corrected at birth.
Patent ductus arteriosus causes an abnormal opening between the four chambers of the heart.
For what reason might a newborn infant with a cardiac defect, such as coarctation of the aorta, that results in a right-to-left shunt receive prostaglandin E1?
To decrease inflammation
To control pain
To decrease respirations
To improve oxygenation
Which CHD results in increased pulmonary blood flow?
Ventricular septal defect
Coarctation of the aorta
Tetralogy of Fallot
Pulmonary stenosis
Which statement suggests that a parent understands how to correctly administer digoxin?
�I measure the amount I am supposed to give with a teaspoon.”
�I put the medicine in the baby’s bottle.”
�When she spits up right after I give the medicine, I give her another dose.”
�I give the medicine at 8 in the morning and evening every day.”
What is the appropriate priority nursing action for the infant with a CHD who has an increased respiratory rate, is sweating, and is not feeding well?
Recheck the infant’s blood pressure.
Alert the physician.
Withhold oral feeding.
Increase the oxygen rate.
Nursing care for the child in congestive heart failure includes
Counting the number of saturated diapers
Putting the infant in the Trendelenburg position
Removing oxygen while the infant is crying
Organizing care to provide rest periods
Which strategy is appropriate when feeding the infant with congestive heart failure?
Continue the feeding until a sufficient amount of formula is taken.
Limit feeding time to no more than 30 minutes.
Always bottle feed every 4 hours.
Feed larger volumes of concentrated formula less frequently.
A nurse is teaching an adolescent about primary hypertension. Which statement made by the adolescent indicates an understanding of primary hypertension?
Primary hypertension should be treated with diuretics as soon as it is detected.
Congenital heart defects are the most common cause of primary hypertension.
Primary hypertension may be treated with weight reduction.
Primary hypertension is not affected by exercise.
An adolescent being seen by the nurse practitioner for a sports physical is identified as having hypertension. On further testing, it is discovered the child has a cardiac abnormality. The initial treatment of secondary hypertension initially involves
Weight control and diet
Treating the underlying disease
Administration of digoxin
Administration of beta-adrenergic receptor blockers
What should the nurse include in discharge teaching as the highest priority for the child with a cardiac dysrhythmia?
CPR instructions
Repeating digoxin if the child vomits
Resting if dizziness occurs
Checking the child’s pulse after digoxin administration
A nurse is assigned to care for an infant with an unrepaired tetralogy of Fallot. What should the nurse do first when the baby is crying and becomes severely cyanotic?
Place the infant in a knee-chest position.
Administer oxygen.
Administer morphine sulfate.
Calm the infant.
The nurse caring for a child diagnosed with acute rheumatic fever should assess the child for
Sore throat
Elevated blood pressure
Desquamation of the fingers and toes
Tender, warm, inflamed joints
The nurse is admitting a child who has been diagnosed with Kawasaki disease. What is the most serious complication for which the nurse should assess in Kawasaki disease?
Cardiac valvular disease
Cardiomyopathy
Coronary aneurysm
Rheumatic fever
A nurse is conducting a class for nursing students about fetal circulation. Which statement is accurate about fetal circulation and should be included in the teaching session?
Oxygen is carried to the fetus by the umbilical arteries.
Blood from the inferior vena cava is shunted directly to the right ventricle through the foramen ovale.
Pulmonary vascular resistance is high because the lungs are filled with fluid.
Blood flows from the ductus arteriosus to the pulmonary artery.
Which defect results in increased pulmonary blood flow?
Pulmonic stenosis
Tricuspid atresia
Atrial septal defect
Transposition of the great arteries
A beneficial effect of administering digoxin (Lanoxin) is that it
Decreases edema
Decreases cardiac output
Increases heart size
Increases venous pressure
What is the most common causative agent of bacterial endocarditis?
Staphylococcus albus
Streptococcus hemolyticus
Staphylococcus albicans
Streptococcus viridans
The primary nursing intervention to prevent bacterial endocarditis is
Institute measures to prevent dental procedures.
Counsel parents of high-risk children about prophylactic antibiotics.
Observe children for complications, such as embolism and heart failure.
Encourage restricted mobility in susceptible children.
A common, serious complication of rheumatic fever is
Seizures
Cardiac dysrhythmias
Pulmonary hypertension
Cardiac valve damage
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