L-03-01-P67 - Molecular Basis of Cancer 1
Molecular Basis of Cancer Quiz
Test your knowledge about the molecular underpinnings of cancer! This quiz explores topics such as DNA damage, genetic mutations, and the role of environmental factors in cancer development.
Key Features:
- 30 challenging questions
- Multiple choice format
- Spanning various aspects of cancer biology
30. True or False: Cancer develops due to damage to the cell’s DNA
True
False
31. True or False: DNA damage can be inherited but not acquired.
True
False
32. Acquired mutations in a cell:
A. Will not lead to cancer
B. Will definitely lead to cancer
C. May eventually lead to cancer but only cells carrying the mutation will be affected
D. May eventually lead to cancer but will affect all somatic cells
E. May eventually lead to cancer but will affect somatic and germ-line cells
33. Which of the following predisposes some forms of cancer (more than one answer)?
A. High fibre, low fat diet
B. Obesity
C. Chronic inflammation
D. Exposure to UV light and meat preservatives
E. Exposure to natural carcinogens
34. About 10% of all cancers result from inheritance of a mutated gene that predisposes the individual to cancer. Familial aggregation is believed to be another factor influencing gene mutation and predisposition to cancer. Which of the following is not considered a factor of familial aggregation?
A. Shared exposure
B. Genetic Disposition
C. Education
D. Diet
E. Living conditions
35. True or False: Acquired DNA damage can be induced by radiation, viruses, bacteria, chemical carcinogenesis, age, diet, UV light, etc. A defined dose of carcinogen may have different effects on the individual depending on their genetic makeup, physiological effects and complex interactions of the environment.
True
False
36. Viral infections that can cause cancer are often:
A. Embryonic – present during foetal development
B. Causal – present due to inherited genetic mutations
C. Defined – present only in particular chromosomes and affects particular cells
D. Interstitial – present in a benign form
E. Latent – present for a long time in the cell and may not always be clinically apparent
37. RNA virus or retroviruses, such as HIV virus can transform a cell by:
A. Stopping transcription
B. Sending the cell into the G0 phase
C. Deleting the part of the short arm of chromosome 2
D. Altering and changing vital genes that regulate cell growth
E. Deleting H-bonds between transcription proteins
38. Incidence of cancer increases with age because:
A. Telomeres shorten
B. Increased time of exposure and deterioration of DNA repair mechanisms
C. Cancer cells rapidly proliferate in older people
D. Regulation proteins such a tumour suppressor genes start to denature with increasing age
E. Mitotic processes change with age
39. p53 is a protein that plays an integral role in the cell cycle. It ________________the cell in the G1 phase until DNA is repaired. If there is excessive damage, p53 might direct the cell towards ________________.
A. Holds, apoptosis
B. Forces, apoptosis
C. Forces, necrosis
D. Holds, S phase
E. Forces, S phase
40. True or False: If a cell and its DNA are excessively damaged, there may be mitotic failure and the cell will form a cancer.
True
False
41. DNA repair enzymes correct any errors in DNA. Which of the following would not cause the formation of cancer due DNA repair enzyme activity?
A. Nonsense mutation
B. Less time for DNA repair mechanisms
C. Substantial/Numerous mutations
D. Inappropriate methylation
E. Loss of DNA repair enzymes
42. Non-penetrance inheritance refers to ________________; anticipation refers to ________________ and phenocopy refers to________________.
A. An individual who inherited the gene but did not express it; an individual who develops the disease but did not inherit the mutation; an individual who develops the cancer at a young age due to environmental reasons
B. An individual who develops the disease but did not inherit the mutation; an individual who develops the cancer at a young age due to environmental reasons; an individual who inherited the gene but did not express it
C. An individual who develops the disease but did not inherit the mutation; an individual who inherited the gene but did not express it; an individual who develops the cancer at a young age due to environmental reasons
D. An individual who inherited the gene but did not express it; an individual who develops the cancer at a young age due to environmental reasons; an individual who develops the disease but did not inherit the mutation
E. None of the above
43. Which of the following relating to the genetic events of cancer is false?
A. Cancer, in general, apart from rare syndromes, does not arise from a mutation or error in only one gene
B. Cancer arises from a series of cumulative genetic errors as well as a variety of environmental influences
C. By the time a patient presents with cancer, an examination of the DNA may reveal several significant mutations in specific genes in the cancel cell
D. Most cancers are acquired rather than inherited
E. None of above
44. Breast cancer can occur in a variety of ways. It may be a result of genetic predisposition and inheritance of the BRCA1 17q and BRCA2 13q genes. On the other hand, it may also be sporadic. Which features would indicate increased likelihood of BRCA mutations?
A. Ovarian cancer
B. Bilateral breast cancer
C. Ashkenazi Jewish heritage
D. Male breast cancer
E. All of the above
45. True or False: In breast cancer testing, a positive result means “cancer” while a negative result means “no cancer".
True
False
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