Dental Hygiene IV Final (add' to Midterm review)

A time series design measures the dependent variable and is done several times over a period of time.

True

False

A study should be randomized if at all possible

True

False

Which of the following parts of a research report should include a variety of current and relevant studies?

Currently dental products are under the regulation of which government department?

Institute of Medicine

Food and Drug Administration

Institute of Pharmacy

American Dental Association

Which of the following parts of a research report should include a detailed description of the research instruments, equipment, procedures, and method of data analysis?

Which of the following parts of a research report should contain a condensed version of the purpose, methods, results, and conclusion?

A dental hygienist should recommend products based on the ADA Seal.

True

False

Which of the following parts of a research report should include a summary of all relevant data, including statistics and data characteristics.

The ADA Seal of Acceptance program is regulated by the ________.

Institute of Medicine

Food and Drug Administration

American Dental Hygienists' Association

American Dental Association

Which of the following sources can be used to locate information on dental care products?

A dental hygienist who educates patients on dental care products is acting as a consumer advocate.

True

False

The measure of confidence in test results is called ________.

A peer-reviewed article indicates that the article has been reviewed by ________.

An editor from the publishers

Editorial reviewers who are copyeditors

Editorial reviewers who are dental providers/researchers

Both A and B

All of the above

The FDA provides dental professionals with information concerning various health products through their FDA ________.

Review

Writings

Times

Bulletin

PubMed is a reliable source to find research reports and is from the ________.

An example of a peer-reviewed journal is the ________.

In the scientific community it is considered the cutoff point for statistical significance if a p value is equal or less than ________.

Studies need to have enough subjects to be valid.

True

False

The number of examiners should be fairly large to ensure calibration.

True

False

A bar graph is used to present categorical data.

True

False

This error occurs when the null hypothesis is rejected, and it is true.

Type I

Type II

Type III

Type IV

Which theorem suggests that if an infinite number of randomly selected samples is drawn from a population, the means of the samples tend to be normally distributed, and the average of the sample mean is very close to the mean?

The mean of the following set of values is 3: 7, 7, 8, 8, and 5.

True

False

To report an average without a measure of dispersion can misrepresent the data.

True

False

The following set of values has two modes: 7, 7, 8, 8, 5.

True

False

The mean is commonly considered to be the ________.

Research misconduct may include ________.

Plagiarism

Falsifying or fabricating data

All of these

Making good ethical decisions in research can help an institution, researchers, and society as a whole. On the other hand, poor ethical choices tend to accumulate or snowball and can sometimes become unethical habits, which can affect all of us.

Both statements are true.

Both statements are false.

True. False.

False. True.

Government entities such as the state department review research conducted in the private sector.

True

False

When a covered entity conducts clinical research involving protected health information (PHI), dental hygienists-investigators must understand the HIPAA privacy rules' restrictions on the use and disclosure of patients' PHI, such as information from a patient's medical chart or test results, as well as an individual's billing information for medical services rendered, when that information is held or transmitted by an entity. PHI also includes identifiable health information about subjects of clinical research gathered by a researcher who is a health care provider

Both statements are true.

Both statements are false.

True. False.

False. True.

An institutional review board should include which roles?

Ensures that the rights and safety of the research subjects are respected and protected.

Protects the institution and the researchers against lawsuits

Holds the researchers accountable to the public

All of these

What group is charged with reviewing the ethical implications of a research study?

The Belmont Report describes ethical principles and guidelines for research involving human subjects. Identified principles include which of the following?

Respect for persons

Specific guidelines for war

Roles of institutions

None of the above

Ethics, in a "nutshell," is about doing the right thing.

True

False

The Nuremberg Code was a result of ________.

The absence of research protocol from a university

A trial that was run without due process

War crimes trials

Universal report that was developed in the early 21st century

Standard deviation measures:

Both dispersion and spread of data

Central tendency of data

Dispersion of data

Spread of data

What percentage of data will fall within 1 standard deviation of the mean?

68%

99.7%

95%

34.5%

Alpha value sets the significance level of when the null should be rejected.

True

False

P-value represents the likelihood that statistics will occur due to chance.

True

False

If p-value<alpha, we should reject the null hypothesis.

True

False

Which term shows how many standard deviations a given raw score is above or below the mean?

Z-score

F-ratio

Variance

Average deviation

Which of the following are numeric data counted in terms of wholenumbers?

Discrete

Continuous

Categorical

Dichotomous

This scale of measurement shows the distance between 2 values as =,with no absolute value.

Interval

Nominal

Ordinal

Ratio

Which scale of measurement is not used in oral health research?

Interval

Nominal

Ordinal

Ratio

Which type of statistic will compare groups, test a hypothesis, and make predictions?

Inferential

Descriptive

Correlative

Observational

What happens when you square a negative integer?

A positive number is created

A negative integer remains

P-value determines the probability of the null hypothesis being true.

True

False

What does a p-value of 0.01 mean?

1:100 will produce the same research results

1:10 will produce the same research results

1:1000 will produce the same research results

1:99 will produce the same research results

Which of the following demonstrates the strongest correlation coefficient?

-0.07

-0.1

0.6

0.2

Inter-rater reliability is when test administration is consistent from a single examiner.

True

False

What type of sampling would give a researcher the most valid and reliable research results?

Random

Systematic

Stratified

Convenience

What type of graph is represented below? 1.) RT-skewed 2.) LF-skewed 3.) Negative correlation 4.) Positive correlation 5.) Upward 6.) Downward

Which of the following is a nonparametric test that compares two or more data sets from different sample groups?

What type of research error occurs when a researcher mistakenly accepts null hypothesis?

Type I

Type II

Type III

Type IV

Nonparametric inferential tests are selected to be used when which of the following is being utilized in the study? 1.) Quantitative data 2.) Qualitative data 3.) Small sample sizes 4.) Large sample sizes 5.) Standard Bell curve 6.) Skewed Bell curve

In a posttest-only design, the independent variable is introducing and then the dependent variable is measured.

True

False

Posttest sensitization is the effect of the pretest on the outcome of the study.

True

False

Dental caries is the most common of all diseases.

True

False

Root caries are most common in teenagers.

True

False

Place the Steps of the Scientific Method in the correct order. 1)Form and educated guess (hypothesis) of the cause of the problem and make predictions based on the hypothesis. 2)Check and interpret results. 3)Name the problem or question. 4)Report results to scientific community

2, 4, 3, 1

3, 1, 2, 4

2, 1, 4, 3

4, 1, 2, 3

Historical approach

Designed to determine the meaning of past events

A report about a small group of people

A specific incidence of disease in one person

One population group with a common characteristic