Criminology

1. Which of the following is the correct terminology in relation to the term ‘Policing’ as agreed by Newburn in his text Criminology?

A. It is a purposeful condition, and a conscious exercise of power by an individual or organisation, directed towards rule and norm enforcement and the promotion law and the assurances of safety in the present and the future

B. It is an act that promotes the conscious exercise of power over the rule of norm and emphasises the enforcement of legal power over society

C. It is an intentional act or purposeful condition, and a conscious exercise of power by an individual or organisation, directed towards rule and norm enforcement and the promotion of law and the assurances of safety in the present and the future

D. It is an intentional act or purposeful condition, and a conscious exercise of power by an individual directed towards rule and the promotion of law and the assurances of safety in the present and the future

2. Gloria Laycock is a great advocate of the principles of crime prevention and she advocates 25 principles, however the Home Office Crime Reduction College in the 1980s introduced a number of principles that are used by the police service today, how many are there?

A. 5

B. 8

C. 10

D. 25

3. After a recent burglary at his commercial premises, James was advised by his local police to demonstrate to potential repeat offenders that he had made changes to his security arrangements. As a result, James fits security grilles, upgraded locks and an alarm. Which of the following principles has James employed?

A. Access control

B. Increased surveillance

C. Target hardening

D. Deflecting offenders

4. According to the Home Office Crime Reduction College there are 4 levels of defensible space, which of the following is correct?

A. Open, Closed, Restricted, Targeted

B. Private, Semi Private, Semi-Public, Public

C. Public, Closed to Public, Restricted Access, Controlled,

D. Natural, Built, Constructed, Controlled

5. The local police neighbourhood team in Sandford are addressing an issue that has become a problem for a particular area. Young people are gathering in a ‘hotspot’ and residents are continually complaining about noise, litter and potential drug misuse. With community consultation, an action plan has been agreed and Police and community will be running a number of football classes, setting up a league and providing an alternative at the location. Under the principles of crime prevention which principles best fit this work?

A. Access Control

B. Deflecting offenders

C. Target hardening

D. Increasing surveillance

6. According to Gibbs, Criminologists try to answer four questions. Which of the following is not one of those questions?

A. Establish a link between criminality and Policing

B. Why do certain individuals commit crime?

C. Why does the crime rate vary?

D. What are the potential means of controlling criminality?

7. Which of the following is the home office recognised definition of Crime prevention?

A. The recognition and appraisal of a crime risk and initiation of some action to remove it or reduce it

B. The implementation of actions to reduce or remove the potential for crime to exist

C. The initiation of actions to target harden, control access and deflect offenders

D. The formulation of an action plan to deal with the results of criminal activity

8. Which of the below is the recognised definition of Criminology?

A. The scientific and multi-disciplinary study of the nature, extent and causes of crime and society’s reaction to those who are labelled criminal in the pursuit of explaining and controlling crime

B. The scientific study of criminal behaviour and the actions of those who are labelled criminal

C. The study of crime and its constituent parts and society reaction to controlling criminal behaviour of those labelled as criminal

D. The scientific study of criminal actions and the punishment of offenders if crime is committed, along with community reactions to criminal acts and the community cohesive actions to address them

9. In the 1920’s Robert Park and Ernest Burgess of the Chicago school defined crime using a theory, which of the following is their recognised theory?

A. Concentric zone theory

B. Routine activities theory

C. Principles of Criminal activity theory

D. Functionalistic activity theory

10. According to Newburn there are five recognised axis of policing. Which of the following is correct in relation to the axis of Policing?

A. Functional, Legal, Sectoral, Geographical, Spatial

B. Local, Cross Border, Serious and Organised, International, Global

C. Neighbourhood, Sectional, Community, Partnership, Countrywide

D. Geographical, Spatial, Community, Cross Border, Sectional