545 Final Exam Questions
Test Your Anatomy Knowledge: 70 Questions on Human Body Mechanics
Challenge your understanding of human anatomy and physiology with our comprehensive quiz featuring 70 detailed questions! This quiz is designed to test your knowledge on various aspects of the human body, from muscle mechanics to cranial nerve fun
Whether you're a student, educator, or just curious about the human body, this quiz will engage your mind and enhance your learning experience. Key features include:
- In-depth questions covering multiple body systems
- Multiple-choice format for clear understanding
- Perfect for self-assessment and learning reinforcement
Which of the following muscles has the best mechanical advantage for lateral flexion of the spine to the same side?
Rotatores
Longissimus thoracis
Multifidus
Semispinales
Vertebral endplates are made of __________ and prevent the nucleus pulposus from dispersing _________
Fibrocartilage, Superiorly/Inferiorly
Hyaline cartilage, Superiorly/Inferiorly
Fibrocartilage, Laterally
Hyaline cartilage, Laterally
You shine a laser pointer at the posterior view of the lumbar spine. Which of these is the correct order of the ligaments that will be penetrated by the laser (going from most superficial to deep)?
Posterior longitudinal ligament, ligamenta flava, interspinous ligament, supraspinous ligament
Supraspinous ligament, ligamenta flava, posterior longitudinal ligament, tectorial membrane
Supraspinous ligament, interspinous ligament, ligamenta flava, posterior longitudinal ligament
Interspinous ligament, supraspinous ligament, intertraversarii, posterior longitudinal ligament
If an alien parasite had laid an egg in your superior-lateral abdomen just inferior to the diaphragm and the baby alien was ready to tunnel out, what order would it have to tunnel through your muscles before it reached the outside of your body?
Rectus Abdominus, Internal Oblique, External Oblique, Transverse Abdominus
Psoas, Transverse Abdominus, Internal Oblique, External Oblique
Transverse Abdominus, Rectus Abdominus, Internal Oblique, External Oblique
Rectus Abdominus, Psoas, Internal Oblique, External Oblique
Which of the following statements is FALSE?
The supraspinous ligament is continuous with the nuchal ligament
The posterior longitudinal ligament is continuous with the tectorial membrane
The anterior longitudinal ligament is continuous with the anterior atlanto-occipital membrane
The posterior longitudinal ligament is continuous with the posterior atlanto-occipital membrane
You get a tongue stud for spring break and it gets all swollen and bloody. Which cranial nerve would most likely let you taste the blood from the front part of your tongue?
Facial
Trigeminal ophthalmic branch
Glossopharyngeal
Hypoglossal
Which of the following structures would be best at resisting posterior sacral tilt
Anterior sacroiliac ligaments
Psoas major
Posterior sacroiliac ligaments
Sacrospinous ligaments
A PT tries to slow the progression of scoliosis in a patient with Duchenne's muscular dystrophy by having the patient stand and walk with the spine in a slight extended position. What is the result in a slight extended position?
Increased weight bearing through the facet joints
Increased weight bearing through the sacroiliac joint
Increased weight bearing through the anterior vertebral body
Increased weight bearing through the transverse processes
Which of the following abdominal wall muscles contain vertically oriented fibers?
Internal oblique
Transverse abdominis
Rectus abdominis
External oblique
What is the name of the line where the rectus abdominus comes in direct contact with the transversalis fascia?
Arcuate line
Linea alba
Tendinous intersection
Edris alba
Which of the following is a unique feature of a lumbar vertebrae?
Foramen transversarium
Slanted spinous process
Triangular vertebral foramen
Costal facets
Which muscle passes through the greater sciatic foramen, dividing it into superior and inferior components?
Obturator internus
Piriformis
Adductor magnus
Gluteus minimus
Which bony landmark and ligament forms the inferior aspect of the greater sciatic foramen?
Ischial tuberosity and sacrotuberous ligament
Ischial spine and sacrotuberous ligament
Ischial tuberosity and sacrospinous ligament
Ischial spine and sacrospinous ligament
Transverse thoracis extends from the inferior sternum to the internal costal cartilages of which ribs?
1-11
2-6
3-5
8-10
What axis of rotation does the 4th rib (true rib) move about during the bucket handle effect, and what plane does this motion lay in?
Antero-posterior axis and frontal plane
Sagittal axis and frontal plane
Vertical axis and transverse plane
Transverse axis and sagittal plane
Your friend literally stabs you in the back! The knife enters your back just lateral to the L1 spinous process. What is the correct order of the muscles that the knife will pass through?
Latissimus Dorsi, Serratus Posterior Superior, Longissimus, Rotatores
Latissimus Dorsi, Serratus Posterior Inferior, Longissimus, Multifidus
Serratus Posterior Inferior, Longissimus, Spinalis, Intertransversarii
Trapezius, Serratus Posterior Inferior, iliocostalis, Intertransversarii
Clifford was born without his 12th ribs bilaterally, how many false ribs does he have?
2
4
8
5
You are attempting to teach your swole neighbor how to properly engage the abdominal muscles. You notice that your neighbor's face is turning bright red and conclude that it must be a result of increased intra-abdominal pressure. What muscles may be involved?
External Oblique, Internal Oblique, Rectus Abdominis, Diaphragm
External Oblique, Internal Oblique, Rectus Abdominis, Transversus Abdominis
Internal Oblique, Rectus Abdominis, Transversus Abdominis, Diaphragm
External Oblique, Internal Oblique, Transversus Abdominis, Diaphragm
When sitting down in a chair, the femur rolls ______________ and glides _____________ on the tibia?
inferior, superior
Posterior, anterior
Anterior, posterior, superior,
Superior, inferior
In order to best stretch hamstrings,
Hip extended, knee flexed
Hip flexed, knee extended
Knee extended, ankle dorsiflexed
Hip flexed, knee flexed
Your friend uses 4 pillows to support the back of his head when he sleeps. His chin might as well be attached to his sternum. Which of the following capitis muscles are shortened in this position? Choose the single best answer.
Rectus capitis posterior major
Rectus capitis anterior
Longissimus capitis
Semispinalis capitis
A patient comes in with lack of sensation to touch and pain on the cheeks and upper lip with taste intact. Which of the following nerve is responsible for the deficit? Choose the single best answer.
Facial
Spinal Trigeminal
Trigeminal
Vagus
You try a new dance move and extend, abduct, and externally rotate your hip. You overestimated how much force you would need to complete the move and strained a ligament. Which ligament is most likely damaged?
Iliofemoral ligament
Ischiofemoral ligament
Pubofemoral ligament
Annular ligament
You are evaluating a patient in clinic. They begin talking about their drive over and that they dislike driving because they have trouble looking over their left shoulder to check their blind spot before changing lanes. What muscles could be weak in this patient that could be limiting their ability to rotate their head and/or neck to the left?
L obliquus capitus inferior, R rectus captius posterior major, R middle scalene
L rectus capitus lateralis, L rectus capitus posterior minor, R spenius capitis
L obliquus capitus inferior, L longisimus capitus, R sternocleidomastoid
L semispinalis capitus, L posterior scalene, R middle scalene
From a neutral position, UE movement into the anterior sagittal plane requires the head of the humerus bone in the GH joint to __________________.
Roll anterior, glide posterior
Spin only
Spin, glide medially
Roll superior, glide inferior
Which of these muscles is NOT involved with ipsilateral rotation of the head?
Splenius capitus
Obliquus capitis inferior
Rectus capitis posterior major
Sternocleidomastoid
A person gets stabbed from the front in the upper left quadrant of the abdominal area under the rib cage, which of the following options describes the correct order in which the knife puncture the structures from first to last?
Rectus abdominus, internal oblique, kidneys, jejunum
External oblique, rectus abdominus, parietal peritoneum, jejunum
External intercostals, internal intercostals, pericardium, heart
Internal oblique, Rectus abdominus, gall bladder, kidneys
2. With the pump-handle effect of the upper ribs, which axis of rotation would they be generally moving about? What plane is this motion in?
Anterior-Posterior Axis, Coronal Plane;
Vertical Axis, Transverse Plane;
Transverse Axis, Sagittal Plane;
Anterior-Posterior Axis, Sagiital Plane
What axis of rotation does the atlanto-axial joint primarily move about? In what plane is this?
Frontal Axis, Coronal Plane
Vertical Axis, Sagiital Plane
Vertical Axis, Transverse Plane
Anterior-Posterior Axis, Transverse Plane
What muscles make up the suboccipital triangle?
Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor, Obliquus Capitis Inferior, Splenius Capitis
Obliquus Capitis Superior, Rectus Capitis Posterior Major, Obliquus Capitis Inferior
Obliquus Capitis Superior, Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor, Longissimus Capitis
Rectus Capitis Posterior Major, Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor, Rectus Capitis Lateralis
What ligament does the supraspinous ligament turn in to as it travels superiorly?
Nuchal ligament
Anterior longitudinal ligament
Posterior longitudinal ligament
Interspinous ligament
How many muscles articulate (originate or insert) onto the manubrium of the sternum? Select the single best answer.
4
5
6
7
The fiber orientation of the interosseous membrane of the forearm differs from that of the leg. This difference reflects functional variance of the interosseous membrane in these parts of the body - which option best highlights these differences?
The interosseous membrane of the leg is important for force transfer between the fibula and the tibia; the interosseous membrane of the forearm is mostly for stabilization.
The interosseous membrane of the leg is important for force transfer between the fibula and the tibia; the interosseous membrane of the forearm is mostly for stabilization.
The only role of the interosseous membrane in the leg is to separate the anterior and posterior chambers of the leg; the role of the interosseous membrane of the forearm is solely for muscle insertions/origins
The interosseous membrane of the forearm serves the sole purpose of separating the anterior and posterior chamber; the interosseous membrane of the leg is necessary for force transfer between the fibula and tibia.
While on summer vacation in Brisbane, Australia you decide to cool off in the nearby Brisbane river. Unfortunately for you, a hungry bull shark happens to share your plans! It approaches you from the rear and nips deep into your buttock - taking a bite deep enough to pierce the muscle in your gemelli sandwich! What muscle would be the filler of your sandwich? (AKA between the superior gemellus and inferior gemellus muscles)
Piriformis
Gluteus Minimus
Quadratus Femoris
Obturator Internus
3. A Trendelenburg gait is characterized by lateral dropping of the pelvis caused by poor stabilization (most regularly by the hip abductor groups on the opposite side). A ‘false positive’ of sorts can occur for this test when a particular abdominal muscle is absent or not intact. What is the primary hip muscle that is weak during the Trendelenburg gait and what abdominal muscle being absent may cause a similar ‘hip drop’ effect?
Gluteus medius; Transverse abdominis
Gluteus maximus; Quadratus Lumborum
Gluteus Medius; Quadratus Lumborum
Gluteus maximus; Transverse abdominis
While observing a patient standing you notice they have a pretty severe posterior pelvic tilt. Which pair of structures might be lengthened due to this shift at the pelvis? (Presume the pelvic tilt is the only abnormality in posture).
Rectus abdominis, Psoas Major
Rectus abdominis, Biceps femoris
Iliocostalis lumborum, Rectus Femoris
Iliocostalis lumborum, Semimembranosus
5. Which set of structures comprises the “Tom, Dick, and Harry” trio that run through the tarsal tunnel?
Tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus
Tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum brevis, extensor hallucis brevis
Tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum brevis, flexor hallucis brevis
Tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus
What is the best way to stretch levator scapulae (one side only)?
Flex neck, contralateral sidebend, ipsilateral rotation
Flex neck, contralateral sidebend, contralateral rotation
Extend neck, contralateral sidebend, contralateral rotation
Extend neck, contralateral sidebend, ipsilateral rotation
You are walking in the hallway of the Health Sciences Building and you notice your crush from the PT/OT/P&O class walks by and does a double-take at you, turning their head to their right. You’re flattered (and perhaps a bit flustered as you work on your pickup line), but you’re also equally interested in what muscles they used to look back at you. Which would NOT be a possible muscle? Assume the only motion is head rotation to the right.
Right obliquus capitis superior
Right rectus capitis posterior major
Right splenius capitis
Right longissimus capitis
If a patient appears to be in a forward head posture from the sagittal plane, which muscle would be the weakest?
Levator Scapulae
Rectus capitus posterior superior
Longus Colli
Splenius Capitis
A patient comes into the clinic complaining of tingling in the entirety of their second finger on their left hand. Which of the following is LEAST likely to contribute to this problem?
Inflammation of lower cervical facet joints
Tightness of anterior/middle scalenes
Tricep tendonitis at olecranon process
Inflammation of carpal tunnel
Brachial Plexus: If there is a lesion in the lateral cord of the brachial plexus, which motion would be most affected?
Elbow Flexion
Shoulder ER
Horizontal Adduction
Radial deviation
What muscles are innervated by the dorsal scapular nerve?
Rhomboid Major, Levator Scapulae, Upper Trapezius;
Rhomboid Major, Rhomboid Minor, Levator Scapulae;
Latissimus Dorsi and Teres Major;
Latissimus Dorsi, Teres Major, Teres Minor;
If you notice your patient walking in with a Right Trendelenberg Gait, what structures would you expect to be most affected?
Tensor Fascia Latae, Inferior Gluteal Nerve;
Gluteus Medius, Superior Gluteal Nerve;
Gluteus Medius, Inferior Gluteal Nerve;
Gluteus Maximus, Superior Gluteal Nerve;
During the down phase of squat, the rectus femoris is ___________ contracting. During the up phase of a squat, the rectus femoris is ___________ contracting.
Concentrically, eccentrically;
Isometrically, concentrically
Eccentrically, concentrically
Eccentrically, isometrically
In the gym, with two dumbbells by my side, I laterally raise my arms to 90 degrees. What type of movement and what muscles are responsible for this motion?
Abduction, concentric contraction of the medial deltoid, posterior deltoid, supraspinatus muscle ;
Adduction, eccentric contraction of the anterior deltoid, medial deltoid, and posterior deltoid;
Abduction, concentric contraction of the supraspinatus and medial deltoid ;
Adduction, eccentric contraction of the posterior deltoid and medial deltoid
Your teammate came into a 50/50 tackle with an opposing player and sprained her ankle. The athletic trainer shared with the coach that she has a high ankle sprain and will need to rest if she wants to be able to play in the Championship Game in 6 weeks. When you hear the term, “high ankle sprain,” what ligament is most likely to be injured?
Anterior tibiotalar ligament ;
Posterior tibiotalar ligament ;
Anterior tibiofibular ligament ;
Posterior tibiofibular ligament
Choose the correct order of muscles from most superficial to deep:
Splenius Cervicis, Serratus Posterior Superior, Rhomboid Minor, Trapezius;
Trapezius, Serratus Posterior Superior, Rhomboid Minor, Splenius Cervicis;
Trapezius, Rhomboid Minor, Serratus Posterior Superior, Semispinalis Thoracis;
Trapezius, Serratus Posterior Superior, Splenius Cervicis, Semispinalis Thoracis
What muscles are innervated by the same spinal levels:
Rectus Femoris, Vastus Lateralis, Vastus Medialis;
Gluteus Maximus, Gluteus Medius, Gluteus Minimus;
Bicep Femoris, Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus, Gastrocnemius;
Tibialis Anterior, Tibialis Posterior, Gastrocnemius
Select the exercise that best exemplifies an open chained-movement:
Push-up;
Plank ;
Squat ;
Hamstring curl
If there were a lesion at cranial nerve IV, what deficits would we see?
Sensory at the lateral eye;
Motor downward lateral eye gaze;
Motor lateral eye gaze;
Motor pupillary constriction
While doing a pirouette (a spin), a dancer spots a point on the wall by rotating their head from right to left. Select the correct axis of rotation that this dancer's body is moving around and what muscle will cause rotation of the head from right to left?
Frontal; left splenius capitis muscle
Vertical; left semispinalis cervicis
Vertical; right spinalis cervicis
Longitudinal; right sternocleidomastoid
If you were to shoot a laser at the level of the atlantoaxial joint which ligaments would it pass through from posterior to anterior.
Ligamentum flavum, nuchal ligament, cruciform, anterior longitudinal, tectorial membrane
Nuchal ligament, ligamentum flavum, tectorial membrane, cruciform, anterior longitudinal
Nuchal ligament, posterior longitudinal, cruciform, anterior longitudinal
Posterior longitudinal, cruciform, alar, anterior longitudinal
What is the motion of the eye about the vertical axis, and what innervates this motion?
Elevation/depression, oculomotor
Abduction/adduction, abducens nerve
Intorsion/Extorsion, trochlear nerve
Abduction/adduction, oculomotor nerve and abducens nerve
Cutting the T1 nerve would least affect which nerve branch?
Ulnar nerve
Medial pectoral nerve
Radial nerve
Musculocutaneous nerve
Which of the following muscles act as shoulder flexors?
Pectoralis major, coracobrachialis, latissimus dorsi
Pectoralis major, anterior deltoid, biceps brachii
Anterior deltoid, triceps brachii, teres major
Biceps brachii, coracobrachialis, posterior deltoid
Which of the following muscles acts as both a flexor and an internal rotator at the shoulder?
Pectoralis major
Serratus anterior
Latissimus dorsi
Biceps brachii
The median nerve primarily innervates
Forearm flexors
Wrist extensors
Shoulder flexors
Wrist flexors
Which of the following ligaments acts as the "roof" of the GH joint and prevents superior displacement?
Acromioclavicular
Coracoacromial
Transverse humeral
Coracoclavicular
The superior costotransverse ligament resists the rib from moving ___________________ while the medial costotransverse ligament resists the rib from moving ____________.
Superiorly; medially
Inferiorly; anteriorly
Posteriorly; anteriorly
Medially; laterally
A student named Chet spends many years sitting at his desk. Select the correct answer for how his posture may be impacted with prolonged sitting, matched with a correct muscle that causes it.
Increased lumbar lordosis; Psoas major
Increased cervical lordosis; Rhomboid Major
Decreased thoracic kyphosis; Serratus posterior inferior
Increased lumbar lordosis;Trapezius
Jim was working on his roof and fell off head first. When the paramedics arrived they were concerned Jim suffered a potential lesion to his spine. During their initial examination they found that he had no feeling in his thumb all the way up the lateral side of his arms midway to his shoulder. Jim caused damage to what spinal level?
C5
T1
C8
C6
Greg told Bob that his toes were abnormally long and ugly, and that angered Bob. Bob didn’t know what to do with his anger and quickly karate chopped Greg’s throat anteriorly on the right side. Which muscles from most superficial to deep did Bob have an impact on with his powerful move?
Platysma, sternothyroid, sternohyoid, longus coli
Platysma, sternohyoid, sternothyroid, longus coli
Omohyoid, sternocleidomastoid, sternothyroid, longus coli
Anterior scalene, longus coli, sternocleidomastoid, sternohyoid
An OT is about to walk into the hospital room to evaluate a patient during meal time. She greets the patient and the patient’s voice presents with an extremely breathy voice quality. What is the clinician’s immediate safety concern, and why? Select one best answer.
Increased risk of aspiration; due to vocal folds not closing completely;
Increased risk of food going back up the esophagus; due to vocal folds not closing completely;
Increased risk of aspiration; due to vocal folds closing completely;
Increased risk of food going down the esophagus; due to vocal folds closing completely
An OT is about to evaluate a different patient’s swallowing muscle movements during meal time. During the chart review, she sees that this patient has an impairment of CN 7. What stage of swallowing might this patient have the most difficulty with, and why? Select one best answer.
Impaired oral phase; due to lips creating positive pressure drive for bolus
Impaired pharyngeal stage; due to the positive pressure contributed from the sealed nasal cavity;
Impaired oral phase; due to lips not creating positive pressure drive for bolus;
Impaired esophageal phase; due to the impaired peristalsis action of the esophagus
Which nerve travels posterior to the medial epicondyle of the humerus?
Axillary
Median
Musculocutaneous
Radial
Ulnar
Which ligament is associated with the laminae of the vertebral column?
Anterior longitudinal
Posterior longitudinal
Supraspinous
Ligamentum nuchae
Ligamentum flavum
Chet and Kathryn can’t decide who is the better professor, so they have a boxing match to settle it. Chet strikes Kathryn on the side of her head, knocking her down. The ref notices that Katheryn’s right eye is in a down and out position, with a droopy eye lid. Which cranial nerve is most likely affected?
Left 3rdCN;
Right 3rdCN;
Right 4thCN;
Right 6thCN
Despite the situation with her eye, Kathryn continues to fight. Chet yells out “You don’t want this smoke!”, and that’s when Kathryn strikes Chet in his jaw causing it to deviate to the right. Which muscle is most likely shorted?
Right medial pterygoid;
Left medial pterygoid;
Left lateral pterygoid;
Right lateral pterygoid
Chet and Kathryn are in the final round of the boxing match. They both go all out and strike each other in the liver causing their PSNS to activate. They both can’t get up after that and the result is a tie. What quadrant did they both land the punch in? Check all that apply
Right upper quadrant;
Left upper quadrant;
Right Lower quadrant;
Left lower quadrant
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