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Quizzes > Quizzes for Business > Healthcare

Transfusion Medicine Knowledge Assessment Quiz

Sharpen Your Blood Transfusion Knowledge Today

Difficulty: Moderate
Questions: 20
Learning OutcomesStudy Material
Colorful paper art depicting elements related to Transfusion Medicine Knowledge Assessment Quiz

This transfusion medicine quiz helps you check your grasp of blood transfusion basics and immunohematology. Work through 15 multiple‑choice questions to practice crossmatching, product selection, and reaction management, so you can spot gaps before the exam or the next shift. For more focused practice, try the blood transfusion administration quiz or an internal medicine quiz.

Which antigen is present on the red blood cells of a person with blood type A?
Kell antigen
Rh antigen
B antigen
A antigen
Blood type A is defined by the presence of the A antigen on red blood cells. The B antigen defines blood type B, while Rh and Kell are separate blood group systems.
Which ABO blood group is considered the universal donor for red blood cell transfusions?
A negative
O negative
B positive
AB positive
Type O negative red blood cells lack A, B, and Rh D antigens, making them compatible with most recipients. AB positive is the universal recipient, not donor.
At what temperature are packed red blood cells typically stored?
37°C
20-24°C
-20°C
1-6°C
Packed red blood cells are refrigerated and stored between 1 and 6°C to maintain cell viability. Frozen storage at -20°C is used for plasma, not standard red cell units.
Platelet units are stored at which of the following conditions?
1-6°C without agitation
-30°C frozen
37°C in incubator
20-24°C with gentle agitation
Platelets are stored at room temperature (20 - 24°C) with continuous gentle agitation to preserve function and prevent clumping. Refrigeration or freezing is not used for standard platelet storage.
Can a Rh-negative patient safely receive Rh-positive red blood cells?
Only in emergencies
No, it may cause alloimmunization
Yes, without any risk
Only if ABO matched
Transfusing Rh-positive red cells to an Rh-negative recipient can induce anti-D alloantibody formation. Even if ABO is matched, Rh incompatibility carries sensitization risk.
Which antibody is naturally present in the plasma of a person with blood group B?
Anti-B
Anti-D
Anti-A
Anti-K
Individuals with blood group B naturally produce anti-A antibodies. Anti-B would be in group A or O, and anti-D and anti-K are not naturally occurring in the ABO system.
What is the primary purpose of the indirect antiglobulin test in pretransfusion testing?
Detect RBC-bound antibodies in vivo
Measure hemoglobin level
Determine ABO blood group
Detect free antibodies in patient serum
The indirect antiglobulin test (indirect Coombs) detects antibodies in the patient's serum against red cell antigens. The direct antiglobulin test detects in vivo sensitization of patient red cells.
During a major crossmatch, what is being tested?
Patient serum with donor red blood cells
Donor serum with patient red blood cells
Rh typing compatibility
Patient plasma autoantibodies
A major crossmatch mixes patient serum with donor RBCs to detect incompatible antibodies. Donor serum with patient cells is the minor crossmatch, rarely used today.
Which maternal-fetal incompatibility is most commonly associated with hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn?
Kell antigen
Rh D antigen
ABO group A
Duffy antigen
Anti-D antibodies against the Rh D antigen are the most severe cause of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn. ABO and other antigens can cause milder disease.
A patient develops fever and chills 2 hours after a transfusion with no evidence of hemolysis. Which reaction is most likely?
Transfusion-related acute lung injury
Febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reaction
Acute hemolytic transfusion reaction
Allergic reaction
Fever and chills without hemolysis shortly after transfusion suggest a febrile non-hemolytic reaction due to cytokine or leukocyte antibody interactions. Hemolytic reactions involve hemolysis and allergic reactions present with urticaria.
What is the first laboratory test performed when issuing a red blood cell unit for transfusion?
Crossmatch
Antibody screening
Direct antiglobulin test
ABO and Rh typing
ABO and Rh typing are performed first to establish basic compatibility. Antibody screens and crossmatches follow typing to identify any unexpected antibodies.
To prevent transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease, which process should be applied to cellular blood components?
Irradiation
Freezing
Leukoreduction
Washing
Irradiation of cellular blood products inactivates donor lymphocytes and prevents graft-versus-host disease. Leukoreduction reduces febrile reactions but does not prevent GVHD.
Which electrolyte imbalance is most concerning in massive red blood cell transfusion from stored units?
Hypokalemia
Hypercalcemia
Hyponatremia
Hyperkalemia
Stored red blood cells leak potassium over time, and large-volume transfusion can cause hyperkalemia. Citrate and phosphate shifts cause other derangements but potassium is primary concern.
Fresh frozen plasma is typically usable for transfusion up to what duration after collection when stored at -18°C?
7 days
1 year
42 days
5 days
Fresh frozen plasma stored at âˆ'18°C or colder retains coagulation factor activity for up to one year. Shorter intervals apply to platelet concentrates and platelets.
Which antibody class is most likely to fix complement and cause intravascular hemolysis in an acute hemolytic transfusion reaction?
IgE
IgA
IgM
IgG
IgM antibodies effectively fix complement, leading to intravascular hemolysis in acute transfusion reactions. IgG usually causes extravascular hemolysis.
A patient develops a delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction 10 days after receiving RBCs. What is the most likely mechanism?
Bacterial contamination of the unit
Immediate IgM-mediated complement activation
Cytokine-mediated febrile reaction
An anamnestic immune response to a non-ABO red cell antigen
Delayed hemolytic reactions occur days to weeks post-transfusion due to a secondary immune response against antigens to which the patient was previously sensitized. IgM-mediated complement activation causes acute reactions.
Which crossmatching method can be used when the antibody screen is negative and no clinically significant antibodies are detected?
Immediate spin crossmatch
Enzyme-treated crossmatch
Major serologic crossmatch
Electronic crossmatch
When the antibody screen is negative and no alloantibodies are identified, an electronic crossmatch using computer compatibility is acceptable. Serologic crossmatches are reserved for positive screens or special cases.
Which finding is most consistent with transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI)?
Sudden hypertension and hemolysis during transfusion
Acute hypoxemia and pulmonary infiltrates within 6 hours
Bradycardia and urticaria during infusion
Delayed fever and jaundice days later
TRALI presents with acute respiratory distress and bilateral pulmonary infiltrates within six hours of transfusion. Hemolysis and hypertension suggest hemolytic reactions, and urticaria is allergic.
What is the mechanism by which amotosalen plus UVA treatment in plasma reduces pathogen transmission?
Physical filtration of pathogens
Activation of complement cascade
Denaturation of plasma proteins
Intercalation into nucleic acids and prevention of replication
Amotosalen intercalates into pathogen DNA and, upon UVA exposure, forms cross-links that prevent nucleic acid replication. It does not denature plasma proteins or filter pathogens physically.
In massive transfusion protocols, citrate toxicity can occur. What is the primary pathophysiological effect of citrate?
Hypocalcemia due to calcium chelation
Hyperkalemia due to RBC lysis
Hypothermia from cold stored blood
Metabolic acidosis from lactate accumulation
Citrate used as an anticoagulant chelates serum calcium, causing hypocalcemia in massive transfusion. Hyperkalemia arises from potassium load, while acidosis and hypothermia are separate complications.
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Learning Outcomes

  1. Analyse patient compatibility for safe transfusions
  2. Identify blood group antigens and antibody interactions
  3. Evaluate transfusion reactions and appropriate interventions
  4. Apply crossmatching principles in pre-transfusion testing
  5. Demonstrate proper handling and storage of blood products

Cheat Sheet

  1. Understand the ABO and Rh blood group systems - Knowing which antigens are present on red blood cells and which antibodies circulate in plasma is the cornerstone of safe transfusion. Dive into why type A blood has A antigens and anti-B antibodies, and how Rh factors influence compatibility.
  2. Master pre-transfusion testing - This process covers ABO and Rh typing, antibody screening, and crossmatching to confirm donor - recipient compatibility. Nail each step to prevent adverse reactions and ensure every unit you transfuse is a safe one.
  3. Recognize acute hemolytic transfusion reactions - These life-threatening reactions happen when recipient antibodies attack donor red cells, often due to ABO mismatch. Watch for fever, chills, back pain, and dark urine as urgent warning signs.
  4. Identify delayed hemolytic reactions - Occurring days to weeks after transfusion, these reactions stem from an immune response to minor antigens you might have missed. Monitor hemoglobin trends and use direct antiglobulin testing (DAT) to catch them early.
  5. Be aware of transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease (TA-GvHD) - In this rare but often fatal condition, viable donor T-cells attack the recipient's tissues. Prevention through irradiation of cellular blood products is your best defense.
  6. Learn proper blood product storage - Red cells belong at 1-6 °C, while platelets need room temperature with constant gentle agitation. Mastering storage rules keeps your products viable and patients safe.
  7. Understand transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) - Sudden lung inflammation and fluid overload can strike within hours, causing severe respiratory distress. It often involves donor antibodies reacting with recipient white cells.
  8. Recognize febrile non-hemolytic reactions - Common fevers and chills during or after transfusion usually result from recipient antibodies against donor leukocytes. Pre-storage leukoreduction is a proven way to lower this risk.
  9. Apply crossmatching principles - Mixing donor red cells with recipient serum helps you unearth unexpected antibodies before they cause harm. Perfecting this test is key to safe, personalized transfusion practices.
  10. Stay updated on transfusion medicine guidelines - Protocols evolve as science advances. Regularly review the latest standards from authoritative bodies to keep your practice cutting-edge and your patients protected.
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