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Quizzes > Health & Medicine

Blood Quiz: Test Your Knowledge of Cells, Clotting, and Labs

Quick, free blood knowledge test to check your basics. Instant results.

Editorial: Review CompletedCreated By: Justace CornelderUpdated Aug 28, 2025
Difficulty: Moderate
2-5mins
Learning OutcomesCheat Sheet
Paper cutout blood cells and test question icons floating on sky blue background

This blood quiz helps you check your knowledge of cells, clotting, and key lab values, so you can study smarter and move faster on exams. Go deeper with our blood anatomy quiz, build focused practice in the white blood cell quiz, and review types with blood typing practice questions.

What is the most abundant type of white blood cell in normal human blood?
Eosinophils
Lymphocytes
Neutrophils
Monocytes
Neutrophils account for about 55-70% of circulating white blood cells and are the first responders to microbial infection, especially bacteria. They are critical for innate immunity and perform phagocytosis. A detailed overview of neutrophil function can be found .
What is the primary function of hemoglobin in red blood cells?
Fight infections
Clot blood
Transport oxygen to tissues
Regulate body temperature
Hemoglobin is an iron-containing protein in red blood cells that reversibly binds oxygen in the lungs and releases it to tissues. It also helps transport some carbon dioxide back to the lungs. For more information on hemoglobin structure and function, see .
Which blood type is considered the universal donor?
AB positive
O negative
A positive
B negative
Type O negative blood lacks A, B, and Rh antigens on the red cell surface, minimizing the risk of a transfusion reaction. This makes it compatible with recipients of any ABO and Rh blood type. Learn more about blood compatibility .
What component of blood makes up the largest volume percentage?
Platelets
Plasma
Red blood cells
White blood cells and platelets
Plasma accounts for about 55% of total blood volume and is the liquid component that carries blood cells, nutrients, hormones, and waste products. It is primarily water, with proteins such as albumin, globulins, and fibrinogen. For details on plasma composition, visit .
What is the average lifespan of a mature red blood cell in circulation?
180 days
120 days
30 days
60 days
Mature red blood cells typically survive in the bloodstream for about 120 days before being removed by the spleen and liver. Their lifespan is limited by membrane wear and lack of organelles for repair. More on RBC turnover is discussed .
Which organ synthesizes the majority of plasma proteins, including clotting factors?
Liver
Bone marrow
Spleen
Kidney
The liver is responsible for producing most plasma proteins, including albumin, globulins, and clotting factors such as fibrinogen. Hepatocytes secrete these proteins directly into the bloodstream. For a review of hepatic protein synthesis, see .
In centrifuged blood, which layer is referred to as the buffy coat?
Platelets only
Red blood cells
White blood cells and platelets
Plasma
The buffy coat is the thin middle layer between plasma and red blood cells after centrifugation, containing leukocytes and platelets. It typically makes up less than 1% of blood volume. More details on the buffy coat can be found .
What is the normal pH range of arterial blood?
7.45-7.55
7.25-7.35
6.8-7.2
7.35-7.45
Arterial blood pH is tightly regulated between 7.35 and 7.45 to ensure proper enzyme function and oxygen delivery. Deviations indicate acid-base disorders such as acidosis or alkalosis. Additional information is available .
Which test measures the proportion of blood volume occupied by red blood cells?
Hematocrit
White blood cell count
Hemoglobin concentration
Red cell distribution width
Hematocrit is the percentage of blood volume that is composed of red blood cells, measured by centrifugation or calculated from RBC count and MCV. It is used to assess anemia or polycythemia. Learn more about hematocrit .
Which white blood cell type contains bilobed nuclei and is primarily involved in combating parasitic infections?
Monocytes
Basophils
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Eosinophils have bilobed nuclei and are involved in defense against parasitic worms and in allergic responses. They release cytotoxic granules containing major basic protein. More on eosinophil function is here: .
Which hormone, produced by the kidneys, stimulates red blood cell production?
Renin
Erythropoietin
Cortisol
Thrombopoietin
Erythropoietin (EPO) is secreted by the kidneys in response to hypoxia and stimulates erythroid progenitor cells in the bone marrow to increase RBC production. Recombinant EPO is used clinically to treat anemia. Further reading is available .
In the ABO blood group system, type A blood has which antigen on the red cell surface?
B antigen
AB antigens
H antigen
A antigen
Type A red blood cells express the A antigen on their surface, which is formed by adding N-acetylgalactosamine to the H antigen precursor. Individuals have naturally occurring anti-B antibodies in their plasma. More on ABO antigens is here: .
Which plasma protein is chiefly responsible for maintaining oncotic pressure in the vascular system?
Globulins
Albumin
Transferrin
Fibrinogen
Albumin, synthesized by the liver, is the most abundant plasma protein and exerts colloid osmotic pressure, preventing fluid from leaking out of blood vessels into tissues. Hypoalbuminemia can cause edema. For more details see .
Which coagulation pathway is initiated by tissue factor exposure and is measured by prothrombin time (PT)?
Extrinsic pathway
Common pathway
Fibrinolytic pathway
Intrinsic pathway
The extrinsic coagulation pathway is triggered when blood is exposed to tissue factor (factor III), leading to activation of factor VII and downstream clotting measured by PT. PT assesses the tissue factor - initiated cascade. More at .
Factor X in the coagulation cascade is activated by both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways and leads to conversion of which proenzyme?
Thrombin
Fibrinogen
Prothrombin
Factor VIII
Activated factor X, along with factor V, calcium, and phospholipids, converts prothrombin (factor II) to thrombin (factor IIa) in the common pathway. Thrombin then cleaves fibrinogen to fibrin. Details are available .
A decrease in total white blood cell count below the normal range is termed what?
Thrombocytopenia
Leukopenia
Anemia
Leukocytosis
Leukopenia refers to a reduction in the number of circulating white blood cells, commonly neutrophils, increasing infection risk. It can result from bone marrow disorders or certain medications. Read more at .
Which anticoagulant is commonly used in blood collection tubes to chelate calcium and prevent clotting during hematology tests?
Heparin
Oxalate
Citrate
EDTA
EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) binds calcium ions, preventing coagulation and preserving cell morphology for hematology analysis. It is the standard anticoagulant in complete blood count tubes. More information is found .
What does mean corpuscular volume (MCV) measure in a complete blood count?
White cell volume
The average volume of red blood cells
Hemoglobin content per cell
Percentage of blood occupied by RBCs
MCV quantifies the average size (volume) of individual red blood cells, calculated by dividing the hematocrit by the RBC count. It helps classify anemias as microcytic, normocytic, or macrocytic. Further details are available .
Fc gamma receptors on phagocytes play a crucial role in recognizing which component on opsonized bacteria to facilitate phagocytosis?
Mannose residues
Lipopolysaccharide
The Fc portion of IgG
Complement C3b
Fc? receptors on macrophages and neutrophils bind the constant (Fc) region of IgG antibodies attached to pathogens, enhancing phagocytosis in a process known as antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis. This mechanism is critical for immune clearance. Read more at .
The JAK-STAT signaling pathway activated by erythropoietin receptor engagement primarily leads to increased transcription of genes involved in which process?
White blood cell chemotaxis
Platelet aggregation
Red blood cell differentiation and proliferation
Hemoglobin breakdown
When erythropoietin binds its receptor on erythroid progenitors, JAK2 is activated and phosphorylates STAT5, which dimerizes and translocates to the nucleus to induce genes promoting erythroid differentiation and proliferation. This pathway is essential for erythropoiesis. Details can be found .
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Study Outcomes

  1. Identify Blood Cell Components -

    Classify red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets by structure and function to build a solid foundation in blood biology.

  2. Describe Key Blood Functions -

    Explain how blood supports oxygen transport, immune defense, and clotting to appreciate its vital roles in the body.

  3. Tackle Blood Test Questions -

    Apply critical thinking to common blood test questions and answers, boosting your confidence in interpreting laboratory data.

  4. Utilize Blood Quiz Feedback -

    Analyze your performance on the blood quiz to pinpoint knowledge gaps and direct your further study efforts.

  5. Integrate Hematology Concepts -

    Connect theoretical insights from blood practice questions to real-world scenarios for practical application.

Cheat Sheet

  1. Major Components of Blood -

    Blood is composed of plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, each performing vital roles like oxygen transport, immunity, and clotting (American Heart Association, 2022). Use the mnemonic "Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas" to remember leukocyte order: Neutrophils, Lymphocytes, Monocytes, Eosinophils, Basophils.

  2. Hematocrit and Hemoglobin Metrics -

    Hematocrit (Hct) equals (RBC volume / total blood volume) × 100 and, along with hemoglobin concentration, helps diagnose anemia or polycythemia (CDC, 2021). Practice blood test questions using example values (e.g., Hct = 45%, Hb = 14 g/dL) to build confidence in interpreting lab results.

  3. Coagulation Cascade Essentials -

    The coagulation cascade splits into intrinsic and extrinsic pathways that converge on Factor X to generate a fibrin clot (NIH, 2020). Remember "PEA": Prothrombin, Extrinsic, and Intrinsic arms - with PT and aPTT assays evaluating extrinsic (PT) and intrinsic (aPTT) pathways respectively.

  4. Arterial Blood Gas Analysis -

    Assess pH, PaCO₂, and HCO₃❻ to distinguish respiratory versus metabolic imbalances using the "ROME" mnemonic: Respiratory Opposite, Metabolic Equal (Merck Manual, 2019). Incorporate these ABG interpretations into your blood practice questions to sharpen critical reasoning before a blood quiz.

  5. ABO and Rh Blood Typing -

    Antigen - antibody interactions in the ABO and Rh systems dictate compatibility; remember O-negative as the universal donor and AB-positive as the universal recipient (American Red Cross, 2021). Drill quiz blood scenarios with crossmatch examples to ensure safe transfusion practices.

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