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Quizzes > Health & Medicine > Human Anatomy & Medicine

EMT Module 4 Quiz: Are You Ready to Respond?

Think you can ace vital signs reassessment and venomous bite recognition? Take the quiz!

Difficulty: Moderate
2-5mins
Learning OutcomesCheat Sheet
Paper art illustration of EMT Module 4 quiz on teal background showing vital signs venomous bite epinephrine icons

Use the EMT Module 4 Quiz to practice real-world calls: reassess vital signs, spot venomous bites, and decide when to give epinephrine. You'll see your strong areas and what to review before the field or an exam. For a quick warm‑up, try the Module 1 refresher quiz .

What is the normal resting pulse rate range for an adult?
40-60 beats per minute
100-120 beats per minute
60-100 beats per minute
120-140 beats per minute
The normal adult resting heart rate is between 60 and 100 beats per minute. Rates below or above this range may indicate bradycardia or tachycardia respectively. Monitoring the pulse ensures early detection of hemodynamic instability. For more details, see .
What is the normal respiratory rate for a healthy adult at rest?
30-40 breaths per minute
12-20 breaths per minute
20-30 breaths per minute
6-10 breaths per minute
Healthy adults typically breathe 12 to 20 times per minute at rest. Rates outside this range can signal respiratory distress or depression. Accurate measurement helps guide ventilation support if needed. Learn more at .
What is considered a normal systolic blood pressure range in adults?
120-140 mmHg
60-90 mmHg
90-120 mmHg
140-160 mmHg
A normal adult systolic blood pressure is between 90 and 120 mmHg. Values below 90 may indicate hypotension and shock, while values above 120 may require further evaluation. Monitoring blood pressure is essential for assessing perfusion status. For reference, visit .
At what interval should you reassess vital signs in a stable patient?
Every 5 minutes
Every 15 minutes
Every 30 minutes
Every hour
In stable patients, vital signs should be reassessed every 15 minutes to detect early changes. Unstable patients require more frequent monitoring. Regular rechecks ensure any deterioration is caught quickly. Guidelines are outlined at .
Which of the following is NOT typically included in primary vital signs?
Blood pressure
Blood glucose
Respiratory rate
Pulse
Primary vital signs include blood pressure, pulse, respiratory rate, and temperature. Blood glucose is monitored when indicated but is not a standard vital sign. Recognizing what constitutes a vital sign helps prioritize assessments. More information is available at .
Which sign is most indicative of anaphylaxis?
Localized rash only
Bradycardia
Fever
Hypotension
Hypotension is a hallmark of systemic vasodilation in anaphylaxis. Other signs include tachycardia, airway swelling, and wheezing. Early recognition of low blood pressure can prompt immediate epinephrine administration. See for more.
What is the standard adult dose of epinephrine via auto-injector for anaphylaxis?
0.15 mg
0.3 mg
0.5 mg
1 mg
The recommended adult auto-injector dose is 0.3 mg of 1:1,000 epinephrine IM. Pediatric doses are typically 0.15 mg. Proper dosing is critical to reverse anaphylaxis quickly. Dosing guidelines can be reviewed at .
Which receptor does epinephrine primarily activate to increase heart rate?
Beta-1
Dopamine
Alpha-1
Beta-2
Epinephrine's positive chronotropic effect is mediated by beta-1 receptor activation in the heart. Alpha-1 causes vasoconstriction, and beta-2 causes bronchodilation. Understanding receptor targets helps predict drug effects. See .
What capillary refill time is considered abnormal in adults?
1 second
Immediate refill
Less than 2 seconds
Greater than 3 seconds
A refill time longer than 3 seconds suggests poor perfusion. Normal refill is under 2 seconds in adults. It's a quick bedside assessment of circulatory status. More details at .
What is the initial first-aid step for a suspected venomous snakebite?
Apply ice directly to the bite
Suck out the venom
Apply a tourniquet proximal to the bite
Immobilize the limb and keep it at heart level
Immobilization at heart level slows toxin spread without causing ischemia. Tourniquets and venom extraction are discouraged. Prompt transport to definitive care is critical. Guidelines from the American Red Cross can be found at .
How often should vital signs be reassessed in an unstable patient?
Every 5 minutes
Every 30 minutes
Every 15 minutes
Every hour
Unstable patients require vital signs every 5 minutes to catch rapid changes. Stable patients can wait longer. Frequent monitoring guides treatment. See .
Which route of epinephrine administration is preferred for treating anaphylaxis in the prehospital setting?
Intraosseous
Intravenous
Intramuscular
Subcutaneous
IM injection into the thigh provides rapid absorption with fewer complications than IV in the field. Subcutaneous is slower, and IV is reserved for refractory cases by advanced providers. Learn more at .
What is the pediatric dose of epinephrine 1:1,000 for anaphylaxis?
0.001 mg/kg
0.05 mg/kg
0.01 mg/kg
0.1 mg/kg
The pediatric IM dose is 0.01 mg per kilogram of 1:1,000 solution, max 0.3 mg. Overdosing risks severe hypertension and arrhythmias. Accurate weight-based dosing ensures safety. See pediatric dosing guidelines at .
Which of these is a common sign of pit viper envenomation?
Rigid paralysis of the limb
Small painless blisters
Widespread rash
Ecchymosis at the bite site
Pit viper venom causes local hemorrhage, producing ecchymosis and bruising. Neurotoxic symptoms are more characteristic of elapid snakes. Early recognition guides antivenom administration. For more information, visit .
What is the correct sequence in managing a patient with anaphylaxis?
Epinephrine, Airway, Breathing, Circulation
Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Epinephrine
Airway, Epinephrine, Breathing, Circulation
Breathing, Airway, Circulation, Epinephrine
Securing the airway first is vital as swelling can progress rapidly. Epinephrine follows immediately to reverse vasodilation and bronchospasm, then breathing and circulation are addressed. This sequence minimizes mortality. See the algorithm at .
Where is the recommended injection site for intramuscular epinephrine?
Gluteus maximus
Mid-anterolateral thigh
Deltoid
Abdomen
The mid-anterolateral thigh has the best vascular uptake and is recommended for IM epinephrine. The deltoid is less vascular and not preferred in emergencies. Proper site selection speeds drug absorption. See guidelines at .
What is the primary effect of epinephrine Beta-2 receptor activation in anaphylaxis?
Platelet aggregation
Vasoconstriction
Increased heart rate
Bronchodilation
Beta-2 receptor activation relaxes bronchial smooth muscle, relieving bronchospasm in anaphylaxis. Alpha-1 causes vasoconstriction, and beta-1 increases heart rate. Understanding these effects guides therapy. For details, refer to .
When treating anaphylactic shock, when should you initiate IV fluids?
After the first dose of epinephrine
Before administering epinephrine
IV fluids are not indicated
Only if hypotension persists for 30 minutes
IV fluids should follow the initial IM epinephrine dose to support circulation and counteract vasodilation. Rapid crystalloid infusion helps restore preload. Delaying fluids can worsen hypotension. See management protocols at .
What is the recommended first-aid treatment for a Portuguese man o' war sting?
Apply ice packs
Rub with sand
Rinse with vinegar and remove tentacles
Rinse with freshwater
Vinegar inactivates undischarged nematocysts and prevents further stings. Freshwater can trigger more venom release. Careful removal of tentacles avoids additional envenomation. More at .
Which of these is a sign of compensated shock?
Hypertension with tachypnea
Narrow pulse pressure with bradycardia
Bradycardia with hypotension
Tachycardia with normal blood pressure
Compensated shock features increased heart rate to maintain blood pressure, which remains normal. Other signs include cool, clammy skin and delayed capillary refill. Recognizing compensated shock prompts early intervention. For more, see .
Which symptom is most suggestive of epinephrine overdose?
Drowsiness
Hypothermia
Chest pain and palpitations
Hypotension and bradycardia
Excess epinephrine causes tachyarrhythmias and chest discomfort due to increased myocardial oxygen demand. Hypotension and bradycardia are not typical of overdose. Early detection prevents complications. Learn more at .
Hemotoxic snake venoms primarily affect which bodily system?
Blood coagulation pathways
Respiratory muscles
Gastrointestinal tract
Central nervous system
Hemotoxic venoms disrupt clotting factors and vascular integrity, leading to bleeding and coagulopathy. Neurotoxins affect the CNS, while other venoms target muscles or organs. Identifying venom type guides antivenom selection. For details, see .
What is the rationale for using a pressure immobilization bandage on certain snakebites?
To stop arterial blood flow
To prevent infection
To reduce pain by restricting nerves
To slow lymphatic spread of venom
Pressure immobilization compresses lymphatic vessels, delaying systemic venom absorption. It does not restrict arterial flow if applied correctly. This technique is recommended for neurotoxic bites but contraindicated in hemotoxic envenomations. Guidelines at .
Which clinical feature is characteristic of a brown recluse spider bite?
Immediate blistering without necrosis
Intense itching and hives
Neurotoxic paralysis
Progressive necrosis and ulceration
Brown recluse venom causes local tissue destruction leading to necrosis and ulcer formation over days. Neurotoxic paralysis is more typical of black widow bites. Early identification aids in wound care. See .
Which distinguishes alpha-1 from beta-1 receptor activation by epinephrine?
Alpha-1 lowers blood pressure, beta-1 lowers heart rate
Alpha-1 bronchodilation, beta-1 vasoconstriction
Alpha-1 increases heart rate, beta-1 dilates bronchi
Alpha-1 causes vasoconstriction, beta-1 increases heart contractility
Alpha-1 receptor activation leads to vasoconstriction, increasing vascular resistance. Beta-1 activation increases heart rate and contractility. Beta-2 causes bronchodilation. Receptor specificity informs pharmacologic effects. More at .
How do you calculate the appropriate 1:10,000 epinephrine dose for a pediatric patient weighing 15 kg?
0.15 mg
0.15 mL
0.015 mg
1.5 mg
The IV epinephrine dose is 0.01 mg/kg, so a 15 kg child receives 0.15 mg. The 1:10,000 concentration is 0.1 mg/mL, so 1.5 mL delivers 0.15 mg. Accurate calculation avoids overdose. Review dosing at .
Which technique is recommended for removing jellyfish tentacles?
Use vinegar and a non-metallic implement
Rinse with freshwater and rub vigorously
Use rubbing alcohol
Apply heat to dissolve tentacles
Vinegar neutralizes undischarged nematocysts and helps prevent additional stings. Freshwater and rubbing can trigger further venom release. Non-metallic tools avoid additional stings. See .
In refractory anaphylactic shock, what advanced epinephrine intervention may be indicated?
Subcutaneous epinephrine bolus
No further epinephrine after first dose
Increase IM dose to 1 mg
Epinephrine infusion titrated via IV pump
When IM epinephrine fails to reverse shock, an IV infusion allows precise titration of small doses to maintain hemodynamics. Increasing IM doses risks overdose. Subcutaneous is too slow for shock. For infusion protocols, see .
What does a narrowing pulse pressure typically indicate in a shock patient?
Increased cardiac output
Normal circulatory status
Decreased stroke volume
High systemic vascular resistance
Pulse pressure (systolic minus diastolic) narrows when stroke volume drops, as seen in hypovolemia or cardiogenic shock. It's an early hemodynamic indicator. Recognizing this helps target resuscitation. More at .
Which method requires auscultation to measure blood pressure accurately?
Pulse oximeter
Intra-arterial catheter
Manual sphygmomanometer
Automated cuff
A manual cuff with stethoscope requires auscultation of Korotkoff sounds to determine systolic and diastolic pressures. Automated cuffs use oscillometry and don't need stethoscopes. Intra-arterial lines measure directly. See technique at .
How does epinephrine activate intracellular signaling in target cells?
By antagonizing acetylcholine
By blocking calcium channels
By binding G protein-coupled receptors to increase cAMP
By direct DNA transcription activation
Epinephrine binds to adrenergic GPCRs, activating adenylate cyclase and raising cAMP, which modulates cellular responses. It does not directly act at the DNA level. This pathway explains rapid onset of action. More at .
What is an essential consideration when titrating an epinephrine infusion in anaphylactic shock?
Using fixed high-dose without monitoring
Continuous blood pressure monitoring for dose adjustment
Avoiding central venous access
Titration based solely on heart rate
Epinephrine infusions require real-time blood pressure monitoring to avoid overdose and maintain perfusion. Sole reliance on heart rate can miss harmful hypertension. Central access may be needed but is not absolute. See protocol at .
Which action is within the EMT scope of practice regarding epinephrine?
Initiating an epinephrine drip infusion
Prescribing out-of-hospital epinephrine autoinjectors
Administering IM epinephrine via auto-injector
Administering subcutaneous epinephrine off-label
EMTs are authorized to give IM epinephrine using an auto-injector for anaphylaxis. Infusions and prescribing are beyond EMT scope and require advanced certifications. Scope varies by region, but IM auto-injectors are standard. Reference .
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Study Outcomes

  1. Apply systematic vital signs reassessment protocols -

    Use repeat measurements of heart rate, blood pressure, and respiratory rate to detect early changes in patient condition and guide ongoing care.

  2. Recognize venomous bite presentations -

    Identify key signs and symptoms of snake, spider, and insect envenomations to determine the urgency and appropriate initial management steps.

  3. Administer epinephrine accurately -

    Calculate and deliver the correct epinephrine dosage via the proper route in anaphylactic emergencies to maximize therapeutic benefit.

  4. Prioritize emergency interventions -

    Sequence critical actions effectively in high-stakes scenarios to stabilize patients swiftly during this emergency management skills test.

  5. Analyze scenario-based challenges -

    Evaluate complex patient presentations in timed quiz sections to strengthen decision-making and reinforce protocol adherence.

Cheat Sheet

  1. Systematic Vital Signs Reassessment -

    Reassess vital signs every 5 minutes for unstable patients and every 15 minutes for stable ones, per American Heart Association guidelines. Use the "ABC" approach (Airway, Breathing, Circulation) to ensure nothing is missed during your EMT vital signs reassessment quiz prep. A quick mnemonic: "PQRST" (Pulse, Quality, Rate, Strength, Timing) helps you recall key pulse check elements.

  2. Shock Index for Early Hypoperfusion Detection -

    Calculate Shock Index by dividing heart rate by systolic blood pressure (SI = HR/SBP); an SI >1.0 suggests significant hypovolemia (JAMA, 2016). Practice with sample patients in your emergency management skills test: e.g., HR 120 ÷ SBP 100 = 1.2 indicates early shock. This formula aids rapid triage during high-stress calls.

  3. Venomous Bite Recognition -

    Differentiate pit vipers (triangular head, heat-sensing pits) from nonvenomous snakes and coral snakes using the rhyme "Red on yellow, kill a fellow; red on black, friend of Jack" (CDC). In your venomous bite recognition quiz, recall that pit viper bites often present with swelling and two puncture wounds. Always immobilize the limb at heart level and seek definitive care.

  4. Epinephrine Administration Protocols -

    Memorize the 5-rights (right patient, drug, dose, route, time) and note that adult EpiPen delivers 0.3 mg IM, pediatric delivers 0.15 mg IM (American College of Emergency Physicians). In epinephrine administration quiz scenarios, ensure needle is held in place for 10 seconds to maximize absorption. A quick mnemonic: "E-PI-NE-PHR-INE" for "Every Patient Isn't Never Ever Prone to Having Reaction? Inject Now, Emergency!"

  5. START Triage for Multiple Casualty Incidents -

    Use Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment (START) to categorize patients by respiration, perfusion, and mental status: immediate (red), delayed (yellow), minor (green), deceased/expectant (black). Practice on sample scenarios in your EMT Module 4 Quiz to sharpen decision-making under pressure. Remember the triage flowchart: "RR >30? Cap refill >2 s? Cannot follow commands?→ Immediate."

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