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Quizzes > Health & Medicine > Human Anatomy & Medicine

Master Milady Chapter 15: Shampoo & Conditioning Quiz

Ready to ace the shampoo and conditioning quiz? Test your Chapter 15 scalp care skills now!

Difficulty: Moderate
2-5mins
Learning OutcomesCheat Sheet
Paper art shampoo bottle and conditioner on coral background with scalp care quiz prompt challenge

This shampoo and conditioning quiz helps you practice Milady Chapter 15 scalp care - water temp, product choice, massage steps, and spotting scalp issues. Use it to spot gaps before an exam or client work and protect hair health at the bowl.

What is the primary purpose of shampoo?
Remove dirt, oils, and product buildup from the hair and scalp
Seal the hair cuticle for shine
Straighten the hair fibers
Add permanent color to the hair shaft
Shampoos are formulated primarily to cleanse the hair and scalp by removing dirt, sebum, and product residues. They prepare hair for styling and additional chemical services. Conditioning or sealing comes later in the service.
Which component in a shampoo is responsible for breaking the surface tension of water?
Fragrance
Colorant
Herbal extract
Surfactant
Surfactants are the main cleansing agents in shampoo. They have hydrophilic and lipophilic ends that lower water's surface tension and emulsify oils. Without surfactants, shampoos would not lather or cleanse effectively.
What is the ideal pH range for most shampoos to maintain hair health?
7.0 to 8.0
4.5 to 5.5
9.0 to 10.0
2.0 to 3.0
Shampoos are formulated to an acidic pH (4.5 - 5.5) to match the hair's natural acid mantle and close the cuticle. This pH range helps maintain moisture and reduces cuticle swelling, preventing damage.
Which ingredient in a shampoo increases slip, making hair easier to detangle?
Conditioning agent
Alcohol
Colorant
Fragrance
Conditioning agents such as silicones or cationic polymers coat the hair shaft and provide slip, reducing tangles during combing. Alcohols can dry hair, and fragrances or colorants do not affect slip.
What can frequent shampooing with harsh surfactants cause?
Increased natural oils
Excessive dryness and cuticle damage
Changes in hair density
Permanent curl enhancement
Harsh surfactants remove too much sebum, leading to dryness and cuticle roughness. Over time, this can weaken the hair shaft and increase porosity.
Which water temperature is recommended for an effective shampoo service?
Cold water
Warm water
Boiling water
Ice water
Warm water helps to open the cuticle for cleansing without causing damage. Cold water may not remove oils effectively, and hot water can over-dry the hair and scalp.
What step should be performed before applying shampoo to long hair?
Thoroughly detangle with a wide-tooth comb
Use a blow dryer to warm hair
Tie hair tightly back
Apply a leave-in conditioner
Detangling long hair prevents matting and breakage during shampooing. It also allows even distribution of the shampoo. Conditioning and styling steps come after cleansing.
When is a clarifying shampoo most appropriate to use?
When heavy product buildup is present
On dry, brittle hair
To deposit color molecules
As a daily moisture treatment
Clarifying shampoos contain stronger surfactants or chelating agents to remove mineral and product residues. They are not recommended for daily use on dry or damaged hair.
Which type of shampoo ingredient is a humectant?
Fragrance
Preservative
Sodium lauryl sulfate
Glycerin
Glycerin attracts moisture from the environment into the hair shaft, acting as a humectant. Sodium lauryl sulfate is a cleansing surfactant, fragrances add scent, and preservatives prevent microbial growth.
Which shampoo is formulated for oily hair and scalp?
Balancing shampoo
Protein conditioner
Color-enhancing shampoo
Moisturizing shampoo
Balancing shampoos regulate oil production and cleanse without over-drying. Moisturizing shampoos add hydration appropriate for dry hair, and color-enhancing options focus on pigment deposit.
What microscopic organism contributes to dandruff?
Malassezia yeast
Staphylococcus bacteria
Candida fungus
Demodex mites
Malassezia globosa is a yeast that feeds on scalp oils and can cause flaking and inflammation when overgrown. Antidandruff shampoos target this organism.
What is the main function of a rinse-out conditioner?
Permanently alter the hair's structure
Lighten the hair color
Smooth the cuticle and reduce static
Remove mineral buildup
Rinse-out conditioners close and smooth the hair cuticle, add shine, and reduce static and tangling. They do not chemically alter or lighten hair.
Which surfactant type is known for its strong cleansing action and abundant lather?
Amphoteric surfactant
Cationic surfactant
Anionic surfactant
Nonionic surfactant
Anionic surfactants like sodium lauryl sulfate are highly effective cleansers that produce rich lather. They carry a negative charge in solution and efficiently remove oils.
Which type of surfactant is most commonly used in conditioners to reduce static?
Nonionic surfactant
Acidic surfactant
Cationic surfactant
Anionic surfactant
Cationic surfactants carry a positive charge that neutralizes the negative charge on hair, reducing static and improving combability. They also provide conditioning benefits.
Why are preservatives added to shampoo formulations?
To prevent microbial contamination and extend shelf life
To improve lather production
To alter hair porosity
To increase viscosity only
Preservatives inhibit bacterial and fungal growth in water-based products, ensuring safety and longevity. They do not contribute to cleansing or viscosity enhancement.
When should an acid-balanced shampoo be used?
On extremely dry, brittle hair as a clarifier
Before chemical waving to open the cuticle
After hair coloring services to restore pH
To remove metallic buildup
Acid-balanced shampoos (pH 4.5 - 5.5) help close the cuticle and restore the hair's acid mantle following chemical services, locking in color. They are not clarifiers or pre-waving cleansers.
Which massage movement involves light, gliding strokes toward the direction of hair growth?
Tapotement
Petrissage
Effleurage
Friction
Effleurage uses gentle, rhythmic strokes to relax the client and spread shampoo or oil. Petrissage kneads deeper tissues, tapotement taps rapidly, and friction uses circular pressure.
Which condition is characterized by sudden patchy hair loss and is believed to be autoimmune?
Androgenetic alopecia
Telogen effluvium
Alopecia areata
Tinea capitis
Alopecia areata presents as round, smooth patches of hair loss due to immune cells attacking the hair follicle. Telogen effluvium is diffuse shedding, and tinea capitis is fungal.
What type of shampoo deposits small amounts of pigment to enhance or refresh hair color?
Clarifying shampoo
Color-depositing shampoo
Medicated shampoo
Moisturizing shampoo
Color-depositing shampoos contain direct dyes or pigments that temporarily enhance vibrancy. Clarifiers remove buildup, medicated shampoos treat scalp conditions, and moisturizing shampoos hydrate.
What is co-washing?
Applying conditioner after shampoo
Alternating hot and cold water rinses
Washing hair twice with shampoo
Using conditioner only to cleanse hair
Co-washing uses a cleansing conditioner without traditional surfactants to gently remove light buildup while adding moisture. It's popular for dry or curly hair types.
What does reverse shampooing involve?
Shampooing only the scalp, not ends
Using cold water first, then warm
Conditioning before shampooing
Two consecutive shampoo applications
Reverse shampooing applies conditioner first to prime the hair, followed by shampoo to cleanse. This can create extra volume and surface tension for styling.
What is the typical pH range for a rinse-out conditioner?
10.0 to 11.5
7.5 to 9.0
1.0 to 2.0
3.5 to 6.0
Conditioners are slightly acidic (around 3.5 - 6.0) to close the hair cuticle, smooth the shaft, and enhance shine. Alkaline solutions would raise cuticle scales, causing roughness.
Which ingredient in a conditioning treatment helps rebuild weakened hair by filling gaps in the cuticle?
Fragrance
Hydrolyzed protein
Sodium chloride
Surfactant
Hydrolyzed proteins have smaller molecules that penetrate the hair shaft and bond to cuticle edges, reinforcing strength. Sodium chloride is a thickener; fragrances add scent.
Which medicated shampoo ingredient is commonly used to treat psoriasis of the scalp?
Cocamidopropyl betaine
Coal tar
Sodium lauryl sulfate
Glycerin
Coal tar shampoos slow skin cell growth and reduce scaling and inflammation associated with psoriasis. Other ingredients like traditional surfactants or humectants do not treat psoriasis.
How does zinc pyrithione in dandruff shampoos work?
Moisturizer that hydrates the scalp
Film-former sealing the cuticle
Alkaline buffer raising scalp pH
Antifungal agent that reduces Malassezia yeast
Zinc pyrithione has antifungal and antibacterial properties that target the yeast responsible for dandruff. It does not primarily act as a moisturizer or pH adjuster.
What effect do hard water minerals like calcium and magnesium have on shampoo performance?
Enhance cleansing power
Act as natural conditioners
Lower water pH for better cuticle closure
Reduce lather and can cause buildup
Hard water minerals bind with surfactants, reducing foam and causing white deposits on hair. Chelating or clarifying shampoos are needed to remove these residues.
What is the role of a chelating shampoo?
Bind and remove mineral ions and metal buildup
Provide UV protection
Neutralize the hair's negative charge
Deposit protein into the cortex
Chelating shampoos contain agents like EDTA that bind to metal ions from hard water or pool chemicals and rinse them away. They do not deposit proteins or alter hair charge significantly.
Which surfactant class can act as either an acid or base depending on pH?
Amphoteric surfactant
Cationic surfactant
Nonionic surfactant
Anionic surfactant
Amphoteric surfactants change charge with pH and are often milder, making them suitable for sensitive scalp formulations. Anionic and cationic surfactants have fixed charges.
Which scalp disorder presents with thick, crusty plaques and silvery scales?
Tinea capitis
Psoriasis
Seborrheic dermatitis
Alopecia areata
Psoriasis is an autoimmune condition that causes red, scaly plaques and silver scales. Seborrheic dermatitis produces oily yellow scales, and tinea capitis is fungal.
What safety protocol should be followed if a client's scalp shows open wounds?
Apply antiseptic shampoo and continue
Cover wounds with a bandage and proceed
Proceed with extra shampooing
Avoid service and refer to a physician
Open wounds risk infection and cross-contamination. Services should be postponed until healed and cleared by a medical professional. Antiseptics alone are not sufficient in a salon setting.
Which ingredient in a reconstruction treatment is most effective at penetrating and strengthening damaged cortex?
Fragrance
Surfactant
Dimethicone
Hydrolyzed keratin protein
Hydrolyzed keratin proteins have a small molecular weight that allows them to penetrate the cortex and repair damaged bonds. Silicones like dimethicone sit on the surface.
What is the significance of the hair's acid mantle during shampooing?
Raises the hair's internal temperature
Increases hair porosity permanently
Helps maintain cuticle integrity and scalp health
Neutralizes surface oils completely
The acid mantle's low pH protects the scalp from pathogens and keeps the hair cuticle closed for strength and shine. Disruption can lead to dryness and sensitivity.
Which active ingredient in anti-dandruff shampoos is a keratolytic agent?
Coal tar
Salicylic acid
Zinc pyrithione
Ketoconazole
Salicylic acid softens and exfoliates scalp scale by breaking down keratin, making it an effective keratolytic. Other ingredients have antifungal or anti-proliferative actions.
How do chelating agents like EDTA remove metal ions during shampooing?
They form stable complexes with metal ions, preventing buildup
They coat metal ions with polymers
They oxidize metals to soluble salts
They lower the pH to dissolve metal
Chelating agents have multiple binding sites that latch onto metal ions, forming water-soluble complexes that rinse away. They do not rely on oxidation or pH alteration for removal.
What drives micelle formation in surfactant solutions during shampoo use?
Ionic bonding between heads
Heat-induced gelation
Hydrophobic tails aggregating inward and hydrophilic heads outward
Covalent linking of surfactant molecules
Surfactant molecules self-assemble into micelles above the critical micelle concentration, with nonpolar tails inward trapping oils and heads outward in water. This is driven by hydrophobic interactions.
Why are amphoteric surfactants preferred in mild or baby shampoo formulations?
They produce maximum foam regardless of pH
They adjust to either positive or negative charge to minimize irritation
They increase alkalinity significantly
They permanently bind to hair cortex
Amphoteric surfactants become positively charged in acidic media and negatively charged in alkaline, making them gentle and less irritating while still cleansing. They do not heavily alter hair chemistry.
How does ketoconazole in anti-fungal shampoos inhibit dandruff-causing yeast?
Acts as a keratolytic to exfoliate scalp flakes
Disrupts fungal cell membrane synthesis
Neutralizes scalp pH to prevent yeast growth
Forms a physical barrier over the scalp
Ketoconazole inhibits ergosterol synthesis, which is vital for fungal cell membrane integrity, effectively reducing Malassezia populations on the scalp. It is not a keratolytic or pH adjuster.
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Study Outcomes

  1. Recall Advanced Shampooing Steps -

    Demonstrate knowledge of the essential shampooing stages from Milady Chapter 15 by recalling proper product selection, water temperature, and sectioning techniques.

  2. Identify Scalp Types -

    Categorize different scalp conditions and choose the appropriate shampoo and conditioner formulations based on chapter 15 scalp care shampooing and conditioning guidelines.

  3. Demonstrate Proper Massage Techniques -

    Perform effective scalp massage movements and hand placements required for thorough cleansing and client comfort during the shampoo and conditioning quiz exercises.

  4. Apply Conditioner Application Methods -

    Implement targeted conditioner application strategies for varying hair textures and lengths, as outlined in Milady's shampooing and conditioning protocols.

  5. Evaluate Treatment Effectiveness -

    Assess the results of shampoo and conditioning routines, identifying potential improvements or adjustments for optimal hair and scalp health.

  6. Analyze Contraindications and Precautions -

    Recognize contraindications and safety measures for clients with sensitive or compromised scalps according to Milady Chapter 15 standards.

Cheat Sheet

  1. Scalp Analysis Techniques -

    Systematic scalp analysis helps identify dryness, oiliness, or irritation before shampooing (American Academy of Dermatology). Employ the "SAFE" mnemonic - Section, Assess, Feel, Examine - to cover every quadrant. Accurate scalp evaluation drives product choice in Milady Chapter 15.

  2. Balancing pH Levels -

    Maintaining a shampoo pH between 4.5 and 5.5 preserves the scalp's acid mantle and cuticle integrity (Journal of Cosmetic Science). Recall the formula pH = −log10[H+] when calculating the acidity of cleansing products. Milady Chapter 15 emphasizes pH balance to prevent dryness and breakage.

  3. Surfactant Types and Functions -

    Surfactants like sodium laureth sulfate deliver effective cleansing by lowering surface tension and emulsifying oils (Dermatology Times). Gentle alternatives such as coco-glucoside offer milder action for sensitive scalps. Recognizing these differences is fundamental for Milady Chapter 15 mastery in scalp care.

  4. Conditioning Mechanisms -

    Cationic agents (e.g., quaternary ammonium compounds) bind to negatively charged hair shafts, reducing static and improving manageability (Journal of Cosmetic Science). Remember "Cations Condition Cuticles" to recall that positive ions neutralize hair's negative charge. Chapter 15 scalp care shampooing and conditioning highlights this for slip and protection.

  5. Massage and Rinsing Techniques -

    Proper scalp massage over 30 seconds boosts circulation and product penetration without causing abrasion (NIH Dermatology Insights). Follow with a 60-second lukewarm rinse to remove residue and close cuticles - remember the "30/60 KISS" rule. This hands-on skill earns top marks on the shampoo and conditioning quiz.

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