MCQ Surgery (Part C) Ratini !!!
Surgical MCQ Challenge
Test your surgical knowledge with this engaging multiple-choice quiz! Designed for medical students and professionals, this quiz covers various aspects of surgery and its related fields.
Challenge yourself with questions on:
- Trauma management
- Surgical procedures and techniques
- Wound care and healing
- Anatomy and physiology related to surgery
Αα»ααα’αΆαα»α‘α©ααααΆαααααΆααααααΌαααΆααααααΌαααα’αΆααΆααααααααααααααΆααααα ααΆαααΆαααΆααα
α»ααααααααα’αΉαααΎααα ( supra-condylar fracture) α αααααααΆα
αααααααααΆααα ααα’αΉα ααΆααααααααααΎααααααααΆααα
α»α ( wrist drop) αααααΆαααααΉααα
ααΆαααααααααα½αααααΆααααα
( dorso-radial)α ααΎααΌαα ααα»αα½αααΆααααα½ααααααααΉαααΆααααΆααα?
Ααα½αααααααΈααααΆαααααααΆα (A median nerve injury)
Ααα½ααααααα·ααααΆαααΌααΆ (An ulnar nerve injury)
Ααα½ααααααα·ααααΆαααΆα
ααα»α-ααααα(A musculo-cutaneous nerve injury)
Ααα½ααααααα·ααααΆαααααα (An anxilliary nerve injury)
Ααα½αααααααΈααααΆααααΆααααΆαα (A radial nerve injury)
Αα»ααα’αΆαα»α§α’ααααΆαααααΆααααααΆααααααΊα
αΆααααααΆαααα·ααααααααααΆααααΆαα ααΆααα·αα·ααα ααΎαααΆααα·ααααα·ααα
αααΆααααααααααΆ (trouble initiating abduction at the shoulder)ααααΆαααΎα αααα
αααα
α©α ααΊαααα ααΊααααααΆα ααΎααα½ααααααα½ααα½αααΆααααααααΆαα’ααααΆα αα·ααααα·ααΌα
ααΆαααΎ?
ΑαααΆαααΈα (Biceps)
ΑααααΆ (Deltoid)
ΑααΌααααΆααααΈααΆαα»α (Supraspinatus)
Α’ααΈαα αααααΆααααΈααΆαα»α (Infraspinatus)
ΑαααΆαααΈ (Triceps)
Αα»ααα’αΆαα»α’α₯ααααΆαααααΆαααααααΆα’ααααααα’αΆα ααΆααααΆαααα½ααα»αααΎαααααααα
ααΆααααααααααα½αααααααα ααααααα£αααααΈαααααα αααααααααααα
αα (A 25 year old man who sustains a clean, fairly superficial, 3cm long laceration to his left forearm on a piece of broken glass) α ααΎααΆαααααΆααΆαααΆαααααααα½αααΆααααΉαααααΌα?
Α
αΆαααΆα
αααααΌαααααΎα’ααααΈαααΈαααΌαα·αααΎααααΈαααααΆα
Αααα’αΆαα’ααααΆαααα’αΉαααα’ααααααααααΌαααααααΎααααΈαααααΆαααΆαα
αααααααααΆαααααΎαααΈα‘(Thorough cleansing with saline is the decontamination method of choice)
"α
αΆαααΆα
αα
αΆααααααΆααααααΆαααααΆααΌα (Immediate tetanus prophylaxis is required as this is a tetanus-prone wound)"
"α
αΆαααΆα
αααααΌαααααΆααααααΈα’αα·α
αααααααα·αααααα
ααα½αα’αΆα
ααΎαααΎα (X-ray is required even if the whole length and depth of the wound can be visualised)"
ΑαααΌααααααααΉαααα½α (The wound should be closed in layers)
Αα»ααα
αΌααα·ααααααα’αΆαα»α§α’ααααΆαααααΆααααααΈα’αα·α
ααΎαααααΌα ααΆααααααααααΌααα ααΆααα ααΆαααααΆααααα αΆαααΆααΆααα»αααααα½αααα αα₯αααααΈααααααα ααΎααΆαα’αα·ααααΆαααΆαααααααα½αααΆαα·ααααααΆ ααααΎαααααΆααααααΎααα αα·αααα·α
αααααα αΆααΈααα½αααααααααΆαα’ααααΆααα»αααααααα»ααα½α α
ΑαΆααααααααα·αααααΆααΈ (Smoking history)
Α’αΆαα»α
αααΎα (Increasing age)
Αα»ααααΆααααΆαααα αααααΆαα’αααααΈαααααα (Nodule size >2cm)
αα»αααΆααΆαααααΈ (Nodule calcification)
ααα’αααΆαααΆα (Haemoptysis)
Αα»ααα’αΆαα»α§α’ααααΆαααααΆαααα½αααΆαααααα’αΉααααα
ααααα( fracture of the neck of the left femur)α α¦αααααααααααΈααααΆαααααα’αΉα αα
αααα½αααΎααα·ααααα
αααααα αΎαααααα αααα
α£α§.α₯ α’ααααΆαα αααα
ααΈααααα·αααΆαααααααααΆα’αααΈαααααα ααΎααα ααΆαααααΆααΆα αααααΆααααααΌαααααΎα’αααΈ?
ΑαααααΆαααΆαααΆα (Continue observation)
Αααα
αααααΆααααααΈα’αα·α
ααααααΆααΎαααααα
Αααα
αααααΎ venous duplex ultrasound ααΎααααααα
Αααα
αααααΎααΆαααααα»αααΆααα·αα
αΆααααααΎαααααΎα’ααααΈαααΈαααΌαα·αααΆααααααααα·ααααα
"αααα
αααααΎααΆαααααΆαααααααΆαααααα
ααΆαααααΆαα (Perform hip surgery immediately)"
Αα·αααα·ααααα»αα’αΆαα»α‘α§ααααΆαααααΆαα αα½ααααααΆααα·αααααΈα ααΈααααααααααααααΌαααΆααααααΌαααα’αΆααΆααααααααααααααΆαααααααΆαααΆαααΊα
αΆαααα
ααααααααα·αααΉαααααα
ααααα anatomical snuffbox/TabatiΓ¨re anatomiqueα αααα
ααΈααααα
ααααααααααΆαα αΎααααα·αααΆαααΆαααα
αα»αααααααΆααα α
αΌαααααΎααααα·αααα·α
ααααααααααΉαααααΌααααα»ααα½α?
ΑααΆααααααΉαααα’α·ααααααααα½α (Tenosynovitis)
ΑαΆααααα’αΉα Scaphoid (Scaphoid fracture)
ΑααΆααααααΆααααααααα (Base of thumb arthritis)
ΑαααΆαααααααΆαα radiocarpal (Dislocation of the radiocarpal joint)
ΑαααΆαααααααΆααααααααα radio-ulnar (Distal radio-ulnar dislocation)
Αα»ααα’αΆαα»α’α¨ααααΆαααααΆααααΆαααΆααααααααα
ααΉαααΆααααααααα·α
αα»αααααααα
αααΈαα»αα ααΆααααααΆααααΆααΆαα
αΌααααααΉαααααΆααΆαα½ααα·αααααααα·αααααααααα
αΆαα
αααααααΆααααΈααααααααααΆα ααΆααααααΌαααΆαααααα»αααααααααααααααααα·α
αααΆαααααΆααααΎαααα
ααααΆαα αααααΆααααααααΌαααΆαααααΆαα
αΌαα’αΆααΆααααααααααααααΆαα αααα»ααααΆααα
ααΉααααα½αααααααΆ ααααΈαα
αααα 135bpm αααααΆαααΆα 90/60 mmHg α αααα
ααΆαααααΆαααΆααααα
αα·αααΎαααΆαα
α»αααα’αΉααααα
ααααΈααα½αα ααΎααΆαα’αα·ααααΆαααΆαααααα αα½αααΆααΆααΆαααααααΉαααααΌαα
ααααααΆααα·αααααΆααΆαααΆααααα’αΉαααΆαααΎ?
ΑαΆααααααααΎααα
αΈ (Greenstick fracture)
ΑαΆααααα’αΉααααααΆαααααΊ (Pathological fracture)
ΑαΆααααα’αΉαααααααα (Stress fracture)
ΑαΆααααα’αΉααααα
αΌαααααΆ (Impacted fracture)
ΑαΆααα
αααΎαααααα (Compound fracture)
ΑαΆαα
αΌααααααΉαααααΆααΆαα½ααα·αααααααα·αααααααααα
αΆαα
αααααααΆααααΈααααααααααΆα ααΆααααααΌαααΆαααααα»ααααααααααααΆααααααααα·α
αααΆαααααΆααααΎαααα
ααααΆαα αααααΆααααααααΌαααΆαααααΆαα
αΌαα’αΆααΆααααααααααααααΆαα αααα»ααααΆααα
ααΉααααα½αααααααΆ ααααΈαα
αααα 135bpm αααααΆαααΆα 90/60 mmHg α αααα
ααΆαααααΆαααΆααααα
αα·αααΎαααΆαα
α»αααα’αΉααααα
ααααΈααα½αα ααΎα
ααααΎαααΆααααααααααα½αααΆααααααΆαααα·ααΆαααααΌααα ?
Ααα½αααααα’αΆαααα ααααααΌααΆαα (Femoral artery injury)
Ααα½αα¬ααααααααααΆα S1 (S1 nerve root injury)
Ααα½ααααααααα (Ruptured bladder)
ΑαααααααααΆααα
αα½α (Pulmonary embolus)
Ααα½αα¬ααααααααααΆα L5 (L5 nerve root injury)
ΑαΆαααααααΎαααΆαα·ααΆαααααΊααΆαααααααΆαααααααα½αα ααΎα
ααααΎαααΆαααααααα½αααΆ αα·ααααααΆααααΆααααΆααααα»αααααααααααααΎαααα½αααα?
Ααααα·αααααααΆααααα½α
ααααΆα (Acute inflammatory reaction)
ΑαΆααααΎαααΆαα·ααΆααααα (Formation of fibrous tissue)
ΑαΆααααΎαααΆαα·ααΆααααΆαα (Granuloma formation)
ΑαΆααααΎααα»αααααααΆα (Formation of the coagulum)
ΑαΆααααΎαααααααΆα (Angiogenesis)
ΑαΆαα’αα·ααααΆαααΆααααααααααα½αααΆααααΉαααααΌααααα
ααΆαααααΆααΆαααααΆαααα αΆααΈααααααααα-ααα·α
ααΌα(Rectum)?
ΑαΆαααααΆααΆααααα½αAdjuvantααΆααααΈααααΌαα’αα»ααααααααΎαααααα’αααααααΊαα αΆααΈααααααααα-ααα·α
ααΌααα αΆααΈααααααααα-ααα·α
ααΌα
ΑααααααααΆαααααΆααΆααααα½αAdjuvantααΊααΎααααΈα²ααααααΆαααααΆαααααααΎαααΆααααααααα
ΑαΆαααααΆααΆααααα½αAdjuvantααΆααααΈααααΌαα’αα»ααααααααΎα’αααααααΊαα αΆααΈααααααααα
ΑαΆαααααΆααΆααααα½ααααααΆαααΆαα»ααΈααΈααΎα’αααααααΊαα αΆααΈαααααααααααααΌααααααααΆαα αα
ααΆααα‘α’ααα
"ααΆαααααΆααΆααααα½αAdjuvantαααααΆαααΆαα»ααΈααΈααΎα’αααααααΊα’αΆαα»ααΎαααΈα¦α₯ααααΆαααΊ αα·ααααααααα"
Αα»ααΆαα’αΆαα»α§ααααΆαααααΆαααααααΆαααααααα’α₯ααΈα‘αΌααααΆαααααΌαααΆαααΆααα²ααααα’αΆα αΆαααΎααααΈααααΎSeries investigationsαα·ααααα
αΆαααΆαααααΆααα ααΆααααΌαααα’αα»αααααααααα
αΌαααΆαααΆαα»ααΉαααααααΆ ααΎααα·ααΆαααΆαααΆαα»ααΆαααααααα
αΌαααΆαααααααααααα»ααααΆααααααα?
Α‘α‘α ααΈααααΈααΈααααααα»ααα½ααααα (110 ml/hr)
Α‘.α₯ ααΈααααααα»ααα½ααααα (1.5 l/day)
Α’α₯β ααΈααααΈααΈααααααα»ααα½ααααα (25 ml/hr)
Α’ ααΈααααΈααΈααα αααα»α α‘ααΈα‘αΌααααΆα αααα»α α‘αααα (2 ml/kg/hr)
Α’.α₯ ααΈααααααα»αα‘αααα (2.5 l/day)
ΑαΎααΆαααααΆααα½αααΆααααααΆααα αααα»ααααααΌαααΆαα’αΆααα(Opioid)α
ααααα’αααααααΊααα½αααΆαααααΎαααα ?
Ααααααα’αααααααΊ (The weight of the patient)
ΑαΆααααΆαααααααΆαααΎααα αααααα’αααααααΊ
Αααααααα’αααααααΊ (The gender of the patient)
Α’αΆαα»ααααα’αααααααΊ (The age of the patient)
Ααα αααααΆαααααΆαα (The magnitude of the surgery)
ΑαααααΈα’αΆαα»α₯α₯ααααΆαααααΆαα αααα»ααααα·ααα
αααα»αα’αΆααΆααααααααααααααΆαα αααααΆαααΆαααΊα
αΆαααα
ααααααααααΆαααααΆααααααααΆαααΎα’α€ααααααα αΎα ααΉααααααααααααα
αα·ααααα
α£α¨.α§α’ααααΆααα α’αα»αααααΆαααααααααα αΆαααΆααΆααααα½αααΆα
αααΎααααα»ααααααααααΆαααα·αααΈααααααααααααΆαααα½α(common bile duct)ααα αα‘.α₯αααααΈααααααα ααΎααααα·αααα·α
ααααααααααΆααααΉαααααΌααααα»αααΊα’αααΈ?
ΑααΆαααααααααααααααα½α
ααααΆα (Acute appendicitis)
ΑααΆαααααααααα½α
ααααΆα (Acute pancreatitis)
ΑααΆααααααααααΆαααααα½α
ααααΆα (Acute cholecystitis)
ΑααΆαααααΌαααααααΆαααααα½α
ααααΆα (Acute cholangitis)
ΑααΆαααααΎααααα½α
ααααΆα (Acute hepatitis)
ΑαΎα
ααααΎαααΆαααααααα½αααΆααααΉαααααΌααααα
ααΎααΆαααααΆααΆαααααΊαααΆαααααΎα(burns)?
Α’αααααααΊααΆααα’ααααααΌαααααΆααΆααααααΆααααααααΆαα’ααααΈαααΈαααΌαα·α
Ααααα
αααΆαααΆαα(αααα·αα‘)ααΆαααααααΉαααΌα
αααα»ααααααα·ααα½αααααΎααααΆααααααααΆαααΊα
αΆαααα
Ααααα
αααΆααααα
(αααα·αα£)ααΆαααααα»αααΆαααΆαααΊα
αΆαααααααΌαα’ααααααΎααααΆααααααααΆαααΊα
αΆαα
Α
ααααααα»ααααααααααα½αααα½ααααααΌαααααααααααΆα£ααΈααααααα»αα’αα‘α»αα’α€ααααααααΌαααΎααααΈαααα½αα’ααααΆαααΆαα»ααΆααααααΆααααΆαααααααααΆα
ΑαΆαααααααααααααΌαααΊααΆαααααααααααααΆαααααΆααααα»αααΉααααααΆααααααααα’α ααΆααΈ
Α’αααααααΌαααΆαααα α
αα
ααΎααα»ααα’αΆαα»α¦α₯ααααΆαααααΆαααα
αααα»αα’αΆααΆαααααααΆαααααα α₯ααααααα αΎαααα ααΆααααααΌαααΆαααΆααααααααααα‘ααααΆαααααααΆααα αΆααΈα ααΆαααΊα
αΆαααααα»ααααααΆααααααααΆααα‘αΎααααααα’α€αααααααααα ααΆααα’αΆα
αα·ααΆαααααΆααα’αααααΆαααααΎααα
ααΆαα’αΆααΆααα‘ααα‘ααααα»ααααα½αα αααααΆαααααααΌα130/minute αααααΆαααΆα90/60 mmHg ααΈαα»ααα ααΆα38.5ΒΊC αααααΆαααααα αΎα 32/minute α αααα·αααααΆαα’α»ααααΈαααααΆααααα
ααααααΆααααΊ 96% αααα»ααααααα½αα’α»ααααΈαααααΆαααααααΆαα ααααααΆα ααΆααααΌαααΎα’ααααα½αααααΎα’αααΈ?
ΑαααΌαααΆαα reservoir mask (non-rebreather)ααΎααααΈαααααΎαααΆαααααααααααα’α»ααααΈααα
ΑααααΌαα’ααααααΎααΆαααααΆααααααΈα’αα·α
ααΎαααααΌα (Request a chest X-ray)
ΑαααααααααΌαααααααααααΆα‘ααΈαααααΆααααααααα ααΆααααααΏαααΆααααααα’
ΑαΌαααααααΆαααΎααααΈααααΎ cross-match
ΑαΆααααΆααΊαααααααΌαααΉααααααΎααααΈααΆαααΆαααΆααααα
ααααΉαααα
ΑαΎααααααααααα’αααΈαααααααααΆααΌαα ααα»ααααααααΊαααΆαααααααααα»ααααααΌαααααΆααααααααΆαααααΆααααααΌαααααΉααααααΌααα·ααααα·αααα·αα
αααΎαααΆααα?
ααααΉα (Fungus)
ΑαααααΉαααΌααΌα (Streptococcus)
Α’αααααααΌααΌα (Enterococcus)
ΑαααΆα αααΈα‘αΌααΌα (Staphylococcus)
α’ααααΌα αααΈααΈα (Haemophilus)
Αα»ααα’ααΈαα’ααααααα½αα’αΆαα»α§α‘ααααΆαααααΆαα ααΆαα’αΆααΆααααΊαααααααα½α
ααααΆααααααΆααααΆααααααααααααΆαααα
αΆαα’ααααααααα¦αααααΆα αααα αΎαα ααΆααα·αα·αααααΎαααΆααααααα(thoracic kyphosis) αααα·αααΆαααα
αα
ααΆαααα ααα’αΉαααααααΌαααααααααααΆαααΆαα
αααΆαα·α
αα½α
α α’αααααααααααΆααΆαααΆαααααααΆαααααΊαα»αααα’αΉα(osteoporotic fracture)α ααΎα
ααααΎαααΆαααααααα½αααΆααααααΆααααααααΆααα αααα»αααΆαααααΎααααααααααΆαα ααααα·αααα·α
ααααααααΊαααα’ααααααααα?
ΑαΆααααααΈα’αα·α
ααα’αΉαααααααΌαα
ααααα (Thoracolumbar X-ray)
ααααΎTc MDP nuclear medicine bone scan αααααα½αααΆααααΌα
MRI ααΎαααααΌα (MRI thorax)
Positron Emission Tomography=PET scan
ΑαΆααααααααΈααααΆαααΆαα»ααααααα»αααα’αΉα (osteodensitometry) (Bone mineral density scan (osteodensitometry)"
Αα»ααα’αΆαα»α§α©ααααΆαααααΆααααΆαααααΊ atrial fibrillation αααΆαααα ααΆαααα’αΌαααΆααΆαααΆαααΊα
αΆαααααΆαααααΆαααα
αα»ααα·αααα
αΉαααΆαα‘α’ααααααα αΎαα αα·αα·αααααΎαααΆααααΆαααΆααα·αααααααααΈ αααααα
ααααααΆ ααΈαα
αα©α¦α αα·αα·αααααααααααααααΆαα αα·α rebound,αα·αααΆααααααΆαα
ααΉααααααα ααααααααααααααααααα ααΎααααα·αααα·α
ααααααΆαααααααα½αααΆααααΉαααααΌα?
ΑαααΆααααα
ααααα (Perforated peptic ulcer)
ΑααΆααααααααααΆαααααα½α
ααααΆα Acute cholecystitis)
ΑααΆαααααααααα½αααααΆα (Acute pancreatitis)
ΑααΆαααΈααααααΈαα»ααααα½α
ααααΆα (Acute diverticulitis)
ΑααααααΆααα
ααααααααα·α
αααα½α
ααααΆα (Acute mesenteric ischaemia)
ΑαααααΈα’αΆαα»α¦α€ααααΆαααααΆααααΆααααααααα·αααΆαααα»ααα·αααααΆααα
αα
ααα(ααααΆααΆαα)ααΈαααααΆαααα αΎα αα½αααα
α»αααααααααααΆαααΆααααα αΆαααΆααααΆααα αα·αα·αααααΎαααααα perineum ααΆα hyperkeratosis ααΆα leucoplakiaαα·αααΆααααα
αα·αααααΎααΆα
ααααα½ααα
αααααααΆαααΆααα
ααααααααΆααααααα
Α’αα»ααααααΆαααΆααααΌααΆααα
ααΉααααααα (Perform a wide local excision)
Α’ααααααΎααααααααααααΌα’ααΈαααΆα (Prescribe a steroid cream)
Α’ααα’αααααααΊααααΎααααααααααααΆαααΊα
αΆαα (nitroglycerin-base) α₯% (Patient to apply rectogesic ointment 5 percent (nitroglycerin-base)
Α’αα»αααα internal anal sphincterotomy (Perform an internal anal sphincterotomy)
Α’αα»ααααααΆαα
ααααααΎαααΈαααΌααααΈ (Perform an incisional biopsy)
Αα»ααα’αΆαα»α€α₯ααααΆαααααΆααααΆαααΆαααααααααΉααααααααααΆααααααα·αααααΌα ααααααααααααααΆααα’αααααΆα αααΆααααΆαααΊα
αΆαααα
α ααααΆααααΆα ααα’αΉαααααΆααααααα αα·αα’ααααααΎα ααΎαααααΆαααααααααααΆαααααΎααα½αααΆαααααΆαααααα
ααΉα C6 radiculopathy?
ΑαααΉααα
ααααα deltoid (Numbness in a patch over the deltoid)
Αααα αΆααα
αααααααΆαααΎααΆα
ααα»α trapezius (Parasthesia over the upper trapezius)
ΑαααΉααα
αααα»αααααα (Numbness in the axilla)
Αααα αΆααα
α
ααα’α»ααααα·ααααα (Paraesthesia of the index finger and thumb)
ΑαααΉααα
ααααΆαααΌααααα·αααΆααα (Numbness of the little and ring fingers)
ΑαΆααααααααααα½αααΆααΆααααΈαα·αααααΌαα’αα»ααααααΆαα
ααααΎααααααααααα(Tracheotomy)?
ααααααααΌααααα αΎααααα½α
ααααΆα (Acute airway obstruction)
ΑαΆααααααα αΎαα’αΌααααααΆα (Prolonged ventilation)
Recurrent bronchial toilet
ΑαΆαααααα αΎαααααααα
αααααα (Moderate sleep apnoea)
ΑαΆαααΆαααα αΆααΈααααα
ααααΆααα·ααααααα (Major head and neck cancer resections)
Αα»ααα’αΆαα»α’α₯ααααΆαααααΆαααα½αα
ααααααΆααααα
ααΈαααα»αααααααα½αααααΆαααααα αα·αα·αααααΎα ααΆααααΆαααΆαααΊα
αΆαααα
anatomical snuffbox/tabatiΓ¨re anatomiqueα ααΎααα’αΉαααααα½αααΆαααααααααΆααααΌαααΆαααα
αααα»αααΆαααΆααααα’αΉαααα
Hamate
Scaphoid
Lunate
Capitate
Triquetral
Ααα George Ramonez α’αΆαα»α₯α₯ααααΆααααα αΆααα»ααα
α’αΆααΆααααααααααααααΆαααααα»αα’αΆααΆααααα’α½αααΆαα ααΆαααααα·ααααα»ααααΆαα‘ααα‘ααα·ααααααααααΆαααααΈαα
α 130/min ααααΆαααΆα80/50 mmHg, Glasgow Coma Score= 9α ααΆααα·αα·αααααΌαααΆαααααααΎαααΆαα αααααααααΆαααΏαααΆα spider naeviααΆα
αααΎααα
ααΎααααΌα αααααΈααα (gynaecomastia) αα·αααααΎαααΈαααα α
αΌαααααΎαααΎαααα ααΆαααααΆααΆαααααΌααααααααααα½αααΎα’αααααααΊααα?
ΑααααΆααΆαααΆαααααΌααααα αΎαα’αααααααΊ (Protect patientβs airway)
Αααα
αΌαααΆαααΆαα»ααΆαααΆαααααααααααΎααααΈααααΎααΆααααααααα (Intravenous fluid resuscitation)
Αααα
αΌαααααΆααααΆααααα α (Red blood cell transfusion)
Αααα»αααααααααα’ααααΌααααΌαααΆαααααΆαα (Urgent gastroscopy)
ΑαααΎ angiogram ααααα’αΆααααααααΆαααααΆαα (Urgent coeliac artery angiogram)
Αα»αααα·ααααΌααΌα’αΆαα»α’α₯ααααΆαααααΆαα α
αΌαααα’αΆααΆααααααααααααααΆαααααα»αα’αΆααΆααααΊα
αΆαααα
αααααΆαααααΌα ααααααααααααααΆααα
ααΆα
αααα ααΈαα
α 130/min ααααΆαααΆα 90/60 mmHgα ααααΆααααααΈα’αα·α
ααΎαααΆαααΆααααα’αΉαααααΈαα½αα
ααα½α αα
ααΆαααααΆααα·αααααΈαααΆααααΆααααΆαααΎααΈαααα αααααααα·αααΊα
αΆαα αα·ααα·αααΆααααααΆααα½αααΆααααα
α ααααααααΆαααΆααααααααα½ααααα»αααααααααΌααΌααααΆα αααΈ ααΊα’αα·αααααΆα (Abdominal Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma (FAST) αααΎα
ααααΎαααΆαααααααα½αααΆα
αΆαααα»αααΆααΆααΆαααααΆααΆαααααααααΆαααα
ααααα’αααααααΊααα?
MRI ααααΌααα·αααα
Diagnostic peritoneal lavage
Aortography
ΑαααΆααααααΌααα·αααα (Exploratory thoracotomy and laparotomy)
ΑαααΆααααααΌααα
αααα»αα’αΆααΆααααααααααααααΆαα
ΑαααααΈα’αΆαα»α’α ααααΆαααααΆαααααα·ααααα»αα ααα»ααΆααααααααααΆαα½α ααΆαα
αΌααααααα»αα’αΆααΆααααααααααααααΆαα αααα»αα’αΆααΆααααααΆαααΆαααΆα αα·α ααΆαααα½αα
αΆααα
αΌαααααααααΆααα·α α ααααααααααΆαα ααΈαα
α 140/min ααααΆαααΆα 80/50 mmHgα ααΆααααααΌαααΆααααα
αΌααααααΌαααααααααααΆα£ααΈααα αα½α
α αΎαααΎααααΈααααααααααααΆααα ααΆααα·αα·αααααΎαααα½αααααααα’αααααΈααααααααΈααα
αααααα
α»ααααα αΎαα αααααααΆαααααααααααΎαααααΆααΆαααααΆααΆαααΆαααααααα½αααΆαααα
αΆαααα»αααΆααααΊαααααΌαααΆααα?
ααααΎααααααΎααααΈααααΆααΆαααα½α (Trauma laparotomy)
Α
αααααα¬ααααΎααααααααΎααααα·αααα·α
αααα (Diagnostic laparoscopy Β± laparotomy)
Diagnostic peritoneal lavage
"ααααΎααΆαααΆααααααααα½ααααα»αααααααααΌααΌααααΆα αααΈα‘αΎααα·α (Repeated Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma (FAST)"
ΑαααααααααααΆαααΆααα·ααααααααααα
ααααααααααΆααααβ ICU
Αα»ααΆαα’αΆαα»α‘α’ααααΆαααααΆααααΆαααα½αααααΆααααα
αααα»αααααα·ααααααΆαααααΌαα ααΆααααααΌαααΆααααααααΌαα
αΌαα’αΆααΆααααααααααααααΆαααααααα½αααΆαααααα
ααααΈααΆααααα»αα αααααΆααα½α ααααΆαααΆααααααΆααααΆ ααΌαααΆααααΆαααα½ααααΆααααΆααααΆααα
α’αΆαα»α‘αα½α αα·αααααααααα»αα
αΌαααΆααΆα’αΆαα»α₯ααααΆαα ααΎααΆαααααΆααΆααα½αααΆααααααααΆααα?
Α
αΆαα tetanus immune globulin αα½αααΌα
Α
αΆαα tetanus toxoid αα½αααΌα
Α
αΆαα tetanus toxoid ααΈαα
" ααΆααααΆαααααΎαααα’ααααΈααΌααΈα
αααα tetanus toxoid (Measure his antibody response to tetanus toxoid)"
Α
αΆααα’ααααΈαααΈαααΌαα·αααΉαααααααααα½α
Αα»ααα’αΆαα»α₯α¦ααααΆαααααΆαααααααΆααα½αα’ααα GPααααααΆαα αααααΈαααΆαααΆααΆααααααΌαααααΎααααααααα αΆααΈαααααΌααααΆααααΎααΆαα’αα·ααααΆαααΆαααααααα½αααΆααααΉαααααΌααααα
ααΎααΆαααααΎααααααααα αΆααΈαααααΌααααΆα(prostate cancer screening)?
Ααααααα αΆααΈαααααΌααααΆαααΎαα»ααααααα·αα
αΆαααΆα
ααααααααααΆα
αααΆαα·αααα»ααααα½ααΆααα·αααΆαα’αααααΆααΎαααααΊααααα
ΑαΆαααααΆααΆααααααααΆαααα αΆααΈαααααΌααααΆαααααΆααααΆαααααΌαα’αΆα
ααΆαααααααα’ααααΆααααΆαα
Αααααα’ααααΈα ααααααααΌααααΆαααΆααααΆαα(Prostade-Specific Antigen=PSA test)αα·αα’αΆα
ααααΎαααααΊααααα
ααααΆααααΆαααααΌααα
ΑαΆααα·αα·αααααΆαααα
αΆααα·αα
αΆαααΆα
ααααααααααΆααααααΆαααΆααα·αα·αααααΆαααα
αΆααααα αΆααΈαααα
Αα»αααα
α’αΆαα»ααααα·ααααααααΉααα αΆααΈαααααΌααααΆααα ααΌα
αααααα·αα
αΆαααΆα
ααα·αα·αααααΆαααΆαααΆαααα
αΆαα‘αΎαα
ΑαΎααΆααααααααα αα½αααΆααΆα’ααααααααααΆαααΆααααα’αΉαα
αα ααα»α How is an ""open"" fracture defined?
ΑαΊααΆααΆαααΆαααααααααααΆα(α¬ααΆαα)ααΆααααΌαααααα’αΉααα½α
ΑααααΌαα’ααααααΎααΆαααααΆααΆααααα’αΉααααααααΆαα
ΑααααΌαα’ααααααΎααΆαααααΆααΆααααα’ααααΈαααΈαααΌαα·α
ΑααααΌαα’ααααααΎααΆαααααΆααααΆααα§ααααααααα’αΉαααΆααααα»α
ΑαΆαααΆααα½αααααααΆαα½αααΆαααΌα
ααΆαααααα
Α
ααααΎαααΆαααααααα½αααΆααααα½ααααααΏαααα ααααΎαααΆαααααααΎαααα’αΉαααΆααααααααΆ?
ααααΆαααααΆαααα»αααΈααΈααΆααΈα (Multivitamin tablets)
ααΆαααΉαααΉαααααα (Drinking milk)
ΑαΆααααααΆαααααααΆααα·ααΆ (Application of a plaster of Paris cast)
Αααα
αα‘αΎααα·αααΆαααΆααα·ααΆαααααα’αΉαααΎααααΈα’ααααα’αΉααααααΆααααααΆ (Restoring anatomical continuity of the bones)
ΑαΆαααααΆααΆααααααααΆα bisphosphonate
ΑαΎα
ααααΎαααΆαααααααα½αααΆαα·ααααααΆααααΆααααΆαααααΆαααααααΎαααα½αααααααααααααααΆ?
Ααααα·αααααααΆα (Acute inflammatory reaction)
ΑαΆααααααΎαααΆαα·ααΆαααα (Formation of fibrous tissue)
ΑαΆααααααΎαααΆαα·ααΆααααΆαα (Granuloma formation)
ΑαΆααααααΎαααααααΆα (Formation of the coagulum)
ΑαΆαααΆααααΆα (Haemostasis)
Αα»αααα·ααααΌααΌα’αΆαα»α‘α¨ααααΆαααααΆαα ααααΌαααΆαααΆαα
αΌααααααΈααααααααΆααααααααα·ααΆααααααααα αααααΆααααΈαα½ααααΌααΌαααα½αα―αα ααΆααααΆαααΆαααααα»αααααΆαααααα’αΉααααα
ααααΆααα·αααΆααααΆαα‘ααα‘αααααααΆαααααααααααααΆααα ααΎα
ααααΎαααΆαααααααα½αααΆαα·ααααααΆα’αααα·ααΆαααααΆααα
ΑααΆαααααααΆαααααααααα αΎαα
αΌααα·αααααΆαααΆαααααααααααβ (trachea)
Αα·αα·αααααααΆαααΆαααααΌααααα αΎαααΆαααΎα’ααααΆαααααα
αα
ΑααααααΆααααααΆααααΆααααααααααααααΆαααααΆαα (Urgent full blood count)
ααΎααααααΉαααΆαα·αααααααα»αααΆαααΆαααααΆαα (Urgent blood sugar level)
αααααΎαααααΌαα
αΌααααααααα (Establish intravenous access)
Αα»ααα’αΆαα»α₯α§ααααΆαααααΆαααααα»ααααα
αΆαααΆαααααΆαα ααα’αΌαααΆααΆααααΆαααααααααΎαααΆαααΆααααααααΆαααα
αααααΆαα’ααΆαααααΆα
αααΎαααΎα ααΆαααΈαααα
α»αααααααααα ααΆααααΆααααααααα·α¬αααΌαααΆα (haemorrhoids) ααΆααααΈα’αΆαα»α£α α ααΆααα·αα·αααααΎαααααααα»ααα·αααααΆααα
αα
ααααααΆααααΆαααααααΆ α
ααααααΆααα·αα·αααααααααααααα (rectum)ααΊααααααΆαααα ααΎαααααααΆαααααααΉαααααΌααααααΆααααΊα’αααΈ?
ΑαΆααΆααΌαααΆααα‘αΎααα·αααααααα (Reassure)
ΑααααΌααα
ααααΎααΆααααα»α αααααααααααα’αααΌααααΌα (Refer for colonoscopy)
Αα·αα·αααα‘αΎααα·ααααααααΈαα (Review in 3 months)
ΑααααΌααα
ααααΎαααααααΆααααα»αααΆαα (Refer for a faecal occult blood test)
Αα·αα·αααααααααααΉαα’ααααΈα αααααα carcino-embryonic
Α’αααααααΊααααΆααααααΌαααΆααααΆααΊααααα
αααα»α epidural ααΎααααΈαααα
αΌαααααΆαααααΉααααααααα ααΆααααΆααααααα
αΆααααΈα
α»αααα’αΉααααααααααΌααα
αααααα’αΉαααααΆα (midline incision from xiphisternum to pubic symphysis)α ααΎααΈααΆααααα’αΉαααααΆαααααααΌαααΆαααααα
αΌαααΆααΊααα αα
αααα»α epidural?
C7/8
T4/5
T9/10
L3/4
L5/S1
Α
ααααΎαααΆαααααααααααΎαα½αααΆαααααααααΆααΌαα ααα» ααααΎα’ααααααΆαααΆαααΆαααΎα’αααααααΊαααααΆαααααΎ epidural infusionααΎααααΈααααΉαααΉααααααα?
Αα»αααααΆαααααΉαααΉααααααα (Local anaesthetic toxicity)
ΑαΆααΆαα (blockade)ααΆααααΆαα·α (Sympathetic blockade)
Ααααα·ααααααΆαααΆα (Allergy causing anaphylaxis)
Α’αΆαααα Epidural (Epidural abscess)
ΑαΆααααα
Epidural (Epidural haematoma)
ΑαΎα
ααααΎαααΆαααααααα½αααΆαααααααααΆααΌαα ααα»ααααΎα’ααααααααααΌααααα αΎαααΆαααΎ α
ααααα’αααααααΊααΆααααααΆαααΈ?
ααααα»αααα
ααΆαααΆα (A foreign body)
Ααα’α½α (Vomitus)
Α’ααααΆα (The tongue)
Α αΎαααααΌααααα αΎαβ (Airway oedema)
ΑαΆαα·ααΆααααααααα α½α (Excessive pharyngeal tissue)
ΑαΎαααΆαααΆαα»αα½αααΆα’αΆα
ααααΎααΆαααα’αΆα αΆαα’αααααααΊαααααααΌαααααΆαααααααααα?
Polyethelene glycol
Sodium sulphate
Aluminium hydroxide
Sodium thiopentone
ΑαΉα (Water)
Α’αααααααΊααααααα»αα’αΆαα»α’α₯ααααΆαααααΆααααΎαααα½αααΆαααΆααααΎαααααα ααααΈαα αααααΆααΈαα·αααααααΆαααααα αΆααααααΆαααΆα 120/80 mmHg ααΈαα
α 120 per minα ααΆαααΆαα»ααΆααααα αΌαααΆαααΆααΊααα in-dwelling ααΆαα
ααα½α100 mlsααΆααααΈαααα
ααααΈααααααααααΆααα‘α ααααααα αΎαα ααααααααα αΌααα»αααα½αααΆαααΆαααΆαα€α₯α ααΈααααΈααΈαααα ααΎααΆαααΆαααααααΉαααααΌααααααααααΊα’αααΈ?
Α
αΆαααααα
αΌαααΆαααΆαα» colloid αα½α unit αα·ααααααΌααα
ααααΎ cross match ααΆαααααΆαααα·αααΆααα
ααα½αααααΆααααΆαα ααΆαααΆαααΈαα
ααα·ααα·αααααααΉαααααααααααΆααααα
αΌαααΆαααΆαα»ααΆαα
ΑαΆαααΆαααΆαααα
αΆα ααΎααααΆαααΆαααααΆααα
α»α ααααΌαααααααααΆαααΆαα»ααΆαααα
Αααα
αΌαααΆααααα»α O negative αα·ααααααΌααα
ααααΎ cross match ααΆαααααΆαα αα·αααΆααα
ααα½αααααΆααααΆααααΆαααΆαααΈαα
ααα·ααα·αααααααΉαααααααααααΆααααα
αΌαααΆαααΆαα»ααΆαα
Α’ααα’αααααααΊααα lasixα
ααα½α20 mg
"ααΆαααΆαα’αααααααΊααΆαααα
αΆα ααΎαα·αααααααΉααααααΎαα‘αΎααα·αα
αΆαααΆα
αααααΎα’αααΈ ααααα"
ΑαααααΈααααΆααα’αΆαα»α¦α₯ααααΆαααααΆααααααααααααααααααααΆαααααΆααααΎααααα α₯αααααααααααααΆαα αα»αααα½ααααα
αααααΆααααααΆαααααΆαα
ααααΆαααΆαα»ααΆαααΆαααααα»αα ααΆαααα·αααΆαα‘αΎααααα
ααα ααΎααΆααααααΆαααααΆαααααΈα’αααΈ?
Α’αΆαααααα»αααα½α (Wound abscess)
αα»αααα½ααα·αααααΆαααααΆααααααΆ (Wound dehiscence)
ααΆαααααααΎααα»αααα½αααααααΆ (Normal wound healing)
ααααα·αααααααααααααα½α (Allergic reaction to the sutures)
ααΆαααααααααΆααααααα (Bowel fistula)
ΑαΎαα½αααΆααΆαααΆαααΆαα»ααα’αααα»ααααα’αΆα
ααΆαααΎααΆαα·ααΆααα»ααα ααΎααααΈααΆααΆααα¬αααααΆααααααααααα»ααααααααααΆαααααααααΆαααααααα»αααΉαααΆαα
ααααααααα ( reducing the risk of sepsis)?
A disinfectant
A sterilising agent
An antiseptic
An antibacterial
An antibiotic
ΑαααααΈα’αΆαα»α§α¨ααααΆαααααΆααααΆαα’αΆααΆαααααα
αααα½ααα·α
αα½α
αααααΆαααααααΌαααΏα ααΊα
αΆαααααα»ααααα αα·αα·αααααΎαααΆααΒ αα»ααααΆααααΊαα½ααα
iliac fossaααααα (tender mass in the left iliac fossa)α αααααααΆαααααααααααα ααΆαααααΌααα·ααααααααΆα ααΎα’ααααα½αααααΎααΆαα’αααααα’αααΈααααααααααααααααααΆααα?
ΑααΈααΈαααααα’αΆααααααΆααα·αααα (Abdominal and pelvic CT scan)
ΑααααααααΆααααα»αααΆαα (Faecal occult blood)
ΑαΆααΈαααΌαα’αΆαααααΆ (Barium enema)
Α’αα»αααααΆαααααα (Ultrasound of the abdomen)
αααα»αα’ααααΌααααΌααααααααα (Colonoscopy)
Α’αααααααΊααααΆααααααααα·α
ααααΆααααααααααΆααα½αααα’αΉαααα αααααΌαα’ααααΆαα intubationα ααΎααΆαα’αα·ααααΆαααΆαααααααα½αααΆααααΉαααααΌααααα
ααΎ intubation?
ΑαΆαααααΎααααααα’ααααααα Manual in-line stabilisationβ (MILS)ααΎααααΈααααΎααΆααααα»ααααααααα·αααΆαα intubation ααΆααααα½α ααΆα
ΑαααααΉααα½αααΆαααα
ααΉαααααααααΎαα ααα» (The hard collar should be left in place)
ΑαΆαααΆααααααααα½αα’αα»ααααααααααααααααααΉαα
αα
ΑαΆαααααΎααααααα’ααααααα (MILS) α’αΆα
αααααααΆαα’αααααααΊαα»αα’ααααΆαα
αααΆ
Ααααααααα½αα’αα»αααααααααααΆααααααααααααα αΎαα
αΌααααααααααααα½α
α αΎα (endotracheal intubation) α
Αα»αααα’αΆαα»α‘α₯ααααΆαααααΆααααΆαα’αΆααΆααααΊα
αΆααααααααα»ααα·αααα
αΉα ααΈαα»ααα ααΆαααααα αα·αααα’α½αα αααααΆααααΈααΆαααΈαααααααααΆαααΊα
αΆαααααααΌα αααα»ααα
right iliac fossa (pain shifts to the right iliac fossa)α ααΎαααααΆααααα·αααα·α
ααααααΆαααααααα½αααΆααααααΆααα?
Mesenteric lymphadenitis
ΑααΆαααααααααααααααα½α
ααααΆα (Acute appendicitis)
ΑαααΊααααΌα (Crohn's disease)
ΑαααΊαααΆαα’αΆααααααΆα (Pelvic inflammatory disease)
ΑααΆαααΌααααααααααααΈααα (Meckel's diverticulitis)
ΑαΎααΆααα»αααααΆααααΆαααααΆαααααΆαααααΆααα’αΆαααααααα·αααααΆαααααα (sedation and general anaesthesia)?
Ααα·αα·αααααΆα (ααΆαααΌα
ααααΆαααΈ) (Amnesia)
Ααααα
αααΆααααΎααααααααΆαααααα
ααΊα
αΆαα
ΑααααΆα
αααΆαααα αΎαααααααα½αα―α (Maintenance of spontaneous respiration)
ΑαΆαα’ααααααααααΆαα½α one's environment (Ability to interact with one's environment)
ΑααααααΆαααΊα
αΆαα (Analgesia)
Αα»ααα’αΆαα»α₯α¨ααααΆαααααΆααααΆαα’αΆααΆααααΊα
αΆαααα·αααΆααααΆαααΆαααααααα
ααααααααΎαααα ααΆααα·αα·αααααΎαααΆαααααΆαααααααα
ααΎααΆα
ααα»αααΌα
α(skin tag)αα½ααα
α
αααΆααααααααααΆααα
αα
ααααα ααΎααΆααΆααα½ααα·αααααΆαααα½αααΆ?
Α’αΆαααααα»ααα·αααααΆααα
αα
αααα (Peri-anal abscess)
Α¬αααΌαααΆα (Haemorrhoids)
ΑαααααααΆαααααΆααα
αα
αααα (Anal fistula)
Pilonidal sinus
ΑααααααααΆααα
αα
αααα (Anal fissure)
"αα»αααααααααΌαα’αΆαα»α’α ααααΆαααααΆααααΆαα’αΆααΆααααΊα
αΆαααααΆαααααΆαααα
αααααααααααΌα ( internatal cleft) αααΆααααΆαααΈαα»ααα ααΆαααΆαααΆαααααα ααΆααα·αα·αααααΎαα αα»ααααα½α ααΊβ αα·αααααααα α α ααΎααααα·αααα·α
ααααααααααΆααααΉαααααΌαααΆαααααΊα’αααΈ? A hirsute 20 year old male presents with severe pain in the internatal cleft. He has a low grade temperature and on examination there is a red tender lump in that region. What is the most likely diagnosis? "
Α’αΆαααααα»ααα·αααααΆααα
αα
αααα (Perianal abscess)
Pilonidal abscess
ΑαααααααΆαααααΆααα
αα
αααα (Anal fistula)
Spina bifida
Folliculitis
Α’αα»ααααααΆααα»αααααααααΎαα»αααα½ααα ( Graduated compressive stockings) α
αααα α’αααααααΊααααααΎαααΈααΆαααααΆααααΊααΎααααΈαααααΆαα’αααΈ?
ΑαΆαα αΎααα»ααα·α (Peripheral oedema)
ΑαααΆαααααααααΎαααα
(Pressure ulcers)
ΑααΆααααα·ααΆ (Cellulitis)
ΑααΆαααααααααααΆαααααααΆααααα (Superficial thrombo phlebitis)
ΑαααααααααααΆααααα (Venous thrombo embolism)
Α’αααααααΊααααΆααααααααααΆααΆαα’αΆαααααααα»αααα (intra-abdominal abscess)ααΎααΆαα’αα·ααααΆαααΆααααααααααα½αααΆααααΆαα’ααααααΆ α ααα·αααΈαα»ααα ααΆαααΆαααΆαααααααΆαα? A patient with a suspected intra-abdominal abscess would have the following pattern to their temperature chart?
ΑαΈαα»ααα ααΆα 38Β°C ααα (A constant temperature of about 38Β°C)
ααΈαα»ααα ααΆα36Β°C ααα (A constant temperature below 36Β°C)
ΑαΈαα»ααα ααΆααα
ααααααα‘αΎαααα 40Β°C (Night fevers rising to 40Β°C)
ΑαΈαα»ααα ααΆααααααααα½αααΈααααααΆααα 40Β°C
ΑαΈαα»ααα ααΆααααααααα½αααΈ 35Β°C ααα 37.5Β°C
Α’αααααααΊα’αΆαα»α£α¦ααααΆααα
ααΆαααΆαααααΆααααΉαααααΌαααααΆααααααΎαααΎα (elective operation)αααααααΆαααΆααααααΆααααααα α¨ααΆααΈαααααααΆαααααα
αΌαααααααααα αΎα ( intubation) α
αΌααα
αααα»ααααααααααα ααΆα‘α·ααΆαααα αΆααααααΉαααα αΆααα’α»ααααΈαααααΆαααααΆααα
α»αααΈ 98% αα
88%α ααΎααΌαα ααα»αα½αααΆααααααΆααα?
ΑαΆαααααααα
αΌααα
αααα»ααααααα’αΆα αΆα (Oesophageal intubation)
ΑαΆαααααααα
αΌααα
αααα»ααααα½α (Endobronchial intubation)
Αααα·ααα½ααααααααΆαααααα (Basal atelectasis)
ΑαααααααααΆααααα»ααα½α (Pulmonary embolism)
Αααααα
αΌαααααααα½α (Pneumothorax)
ΑαΎααααααΆααααΆαααΌα
ααααα
α
αααααααααααΆαααααααααΆαααααΉαβααΎαααα·ααΆαααααααααΆα?
"ααΆααΆααααααα·αααα nicotinic acetylcholine (Blockade of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors) "
ΑαΆαααΎαα‘αΎααα Gamma Aminon Butyric Acid-B ααΎααααΈαααα»ααααααααΆαααααα·αααα
ΑαΆααΆααααααΆα Na-K-ATPase (Blockade of the membrane Na-K-ATPase)
"ααΆααΆαα voltage-gated sodium channels (Blockade of voltage-gated sodium channels) "
ΑααααααΆααααΆααααααα
ααα’αΆααααΈαααΌααΈα
ΑαΎ tramadol ααΆαααααα’ααΆα morphineβββααΌα
ααααα
αααα?
ΑαααΎα’ααααααααααΆαα½α antidepressants αα·α
ααΆα morphine
ΑαΆαααααΆααα
ααΎααΆααααααα αΎααα·α
ααΆα (Less respiratory depression)
ΑαΆααΌαα ααα»ααααΎα’αααααααΆα
ααα·α
ααΆα (Less likely to cause seizures)
ΑαΆααα·α
αα½α
ααΆα (Less diarrhoea)
ΑαΆααααααΆααααααΆαα½α flumazenil (Easily reversed with flumazenil)
ΑαααααΈα’αΆαα»α§α₯ααααΆαααααΆααααααΌαααΆαααΆαα
αΌαα’αΆααΆααααααααααααααΆααααΆααααααααα·ααΆαααααααααααααααα½ααα
ααααα ααΆαααα·αα’αΆα
ααΎαααΆα αα·αααα’αΌαααΊαα
αααααααααααααΎα
αααΆααΎααααααα αα·αα·αααααΎαααΆααααααα
ααΎαααααααααααΆααααΎααααααααα½αα ααΎααααααααααΈααΆαααΎαααααΆαα£αααααΈααααααα αααΆαααΌαα
ααααααΆαα·ααα·αααΆααααΆαααααΎααααΆαααα ααΎααΆαα’αααααααααααααααΆααααααΊα’αααΈ?
Αα·αα·ααα αααααΆαα (Rectum) αα·αααα
Αααααααα’αΉα (Bone scan)
ΑαααΆααααααΈα’αα·α
α’αΆααααααΆα (Plain X-ray of the pelvis)
Α’αα»αααααΆααααααααα (Ultrasound of the knee)
ΑαααΆααααααΈα’αα·α
αααααΆαααααα
(Plain X-ray of the hip)
Αα»ααΆααΆα’αΆαα»α€ααααΆαααααΆααααααΌαααΆαααΆαα
αΌαα’αΆααΆααααααααααααααΆααα ααααΆααααααααΆααααααΆααααΆααΆααΆαααααΆααααΈααΆαααααα trampolineα αααααααααΆαα αΎααα·αααα
α ααΆααααΈαα
ααααααααααΆαααααα’ααααααααΆααα αα»ααΆααα·ααΆαααΆααΆαα’αΆααααααα
αααααααΎαααα’αααα "feels funny"α ααΎααααα·αααα·α
ααααααααααααααΊα’αααΈ?
ΑαααΆαααααααΆααααααΆαααα’αΉααααΆααααΆαααα½αααΆαα½αααΆααααα’αΉαααΌααΆ
ΑαΆαααααααΆαααααΆαααααααΆααααααΆαααα’αΉααααΆααααΆαα (Subluxed radial head)
ααΆααα
α»αααΎααα’αΉαααΌααΆ (Proximal ulnar fracture)
ΑαΆααα
α»ααααααααα’αΉαααΎααα (Supracondylar humeral fracture)
ΑαΆααα’αααΈαα»αααΈααααα»α (Fractured medial epicondyle)
Αα»ααΆααΆα’αΆαα»α€ααααΆαααααΆααααααΌαααΆαααΆαα
αΌαα’αΆααΆααααααααααααααΆααα ααααΆααααααααΆααααααΆααααΆααΆααΆαααααΆααααΈααΆαααααα trampolineααααααααααΆαα αΎααα·αααα
α ααΆααααΈαα
ααααααααααΆαααααα’ααααααααΆααα αα»ααΆααα·ααΆαααΆααΆαα’αΆααααααα
αααααααΎαααα’αααα "feels funny"α βααΎααΆαααααΆααΆαααα ααΆαααααΌαααααααααααΊα’αααΈ?
Αααα½ααα·αα·αααα’αααΈ αααΆααααααΌαα
αααααααααΆααααααααααααΆαααΆαααααΆαα (Urgent nerve conduction studies)
ΑαΆααααΆαααααααααααΆααααααα’αααααΆααααα’α
ααααα
ααΆααααααααααααααααααΆαα
ΑαΆαααααα
αααα»αααααααααα½α αααα
αΆαααΆαααΆααααααααααα»αα’α€αααα
Α
αΆααααααΆαααααΉαααΉαααααααα
αΌααα
ααααααα»ααα·ααααααααΎααααΈαααααααΆαααΊα
αΆαα
ΑααααααααΉαααααΈααααα
ααΆααααααΆααααααΎαα αααα
Αα»ααα’αΆαα»α’α‘ααααΆαααααΆααααααΌαααΆαααΆαα
αΌαα’αΆααΆααααααααααααααΆααα ααΆααααΆαααΉαααααΆαααΆαα
αααΎα α αΎαααΆααα½ααααα»ααααααααΆααΆαααα
ααΈααΆαααΆαααααα½αα αααΎαααΆααα αΎααααΆααααα·αααα
αααΆααααααααααα ααΈαα
ααα
ααααααΎαααΆαααααααΆ α
ααααααααααα·αααΆαααΆα
ααααΆαααα ααααΆαααΉααααααΆααααααΉααα
αααααααΆααααα»ααααΎαα ααΎααααα·αααα·α
ααααααααααΆααααΉαααααΌααααα»αααΊα’αααΈ?
Αα αααα½αααααααααααααα½ααααα»α(deltoid)αααααΎα
ΑαΆααααα’αΉααα·αααααΆαααααααΆαααααΎα (Fracture dislocation of the ankle)
ΑαΆαααααα’αΉαααΆαα»α (talus) (Fractured neck of talus)
ΑαΆααααα’αΉαααΆααΈααΌα‘αΆ(Navicular) (Navicular fracture)
ΑαΆαααα·ααααααα’αΉαααΆααααΆααα (Calcaneal) (Calcaneal crush fracture)
ΑαααααΈα’αΆαα»α£α₯ααααΆαααααΆααααααΌαααΆαααΆαα
αΌαα’αΆααΆααααααααααααααΆααααΆααααααααα·ααΆααααααααααααααααΎαααααα
αααα»ααααα‘αΆαα ααΆααα’αΆα
αα·ααΆαααΆααααα·αα’αΆα
ααααΎαα
ααααΎαααΆαααααααΆααΆαα αααααΆααΈαα·αααααΌαα αααααΆαααααααΌα 120 bpm ααααΆαααΆα 80/40 mmHg ααΈαα»ααα αΆααΆα 38ΒΊC αααααΆαααααα αΎα 28 bpmα ααααΌαααΎα’ααααα½αααααΎα’αααΈα
ααααα’αααααααΊαα
ααΎααααααα
ΑαααΎααΆααα·αα·ααααααΆααααααααααααααΆα
ΑαααααααααααΆαα ααααααααΎααααααΆααααα½α
Ask for an urgent 12 lead electrocardiogram (ECG)
ΑαααΆαααα½αααααααΆαα (Auscultate her chest)
Αααα
αΌαααΆαα»ααααα»ααααααααα (Insert an intravenous cannula)
Αα»ααα’αΆαα»α’α’ααααΆαααααΆαααααααΉαααααΆαα
αααα
ααααααΆαααΈαααααααΌαααΆαααΆαα
αΌαα’αΆααΆααααααααα αααααΆαα αααααΆαααα’αΌαααΊαααα’ααααααααΆαα ααααα½αααΆαα’αααΈαααααΆαααΎαα‘αΎα ααΆααααα·αααα αα·αα·αααααΎαααΆαααΆαααΊα
αΆαααα
ααΆαααααααααα’αΉαUlnaαα
αααα’αααααα·αααα αα·αααΆαα αΎααααΌαααΆαα αα·αααΆααα»ααα·ααααααααααΆαα ααΎα’αααα’αΆα
ααααΎααααα·αααα·α
ααααααααΌααααΆαααΌα
ααααα
?
Ααααα
αα
ααα (A sprained wrist)
ΑαΆααααα’αΉααααα Bennett (A Bennett's fracture)
ΑαααΆαααααααΆαα ααΆααααα’αΉα Colles (A displaced Colles' fracture)
ΑαΆααααα’αΉααααααΆααααα»α (A fracture of the medial carpal bones)
ΑαΆααααα’αΉαααΆαααααΈα₯ (A fracture of the 5th metacarpal bone)
ΑαααααΈα
αααΆααα’αΆαα»α§α¨ααααΆαααααΆααααΆαα’αΆααΆααααΊα
αΆαααααααα α αΎαααΆααααααααΆααα‘αΎααααα»αααααααααΈαααααααα αΎαα ααΆααα
ααααα’α½α αα·αααα’αΆα αΆαα ααααααααΈααααααααααααΆαααα·ααααααΎαααααα ααΆααααααΆααααΆαααααΊ atrial fibrillationαααΆαααααα·αααΎαααΆαα αα·αα·αααααΎαααΆααααΆααααΆαα‘ααα‘αααΆααααΆαα (very unwell)αα·αααΊαααααααααααααααα ααΎααααα·αααα·α
αααααα½αααΆαααα’αααααααΌαααα
αα?
ΑαααααΆααα
α
α·ααα
αΉααα
αααααααααα·α (Mesenteric ischaemia)
Α’αΆααααααΌααααααααααααΈααααααΈαα»α (Diverticular abscess)
ΑααΆαααααααααααααααα½α
ααααΆα (Appendicitis)
ΑααΆααααααΉαααααααΆαααααα½α
ααααΆα (Cholecystitis)
ΑααΆαααααααααα½α
ααααΆα(Pancreatitis)
ΑαααααΈα’αΆαα»α¦α₯ααααΆαααααΆααααΈαα»ααα»αααΆαααααααΆ ααααΌαααΆαααΉαααΆααααααααα·ααΆααααααααααααααΆααααΈ αα½ααα
ααααα ααΆααααΆαααΆααααααΆαααΈαααααααα αΎαααααααΆα ααααααα·αααΎαααααΆαα½αααααα
ααΊα
αΆαα ααααααα·ααααααααα α’ααααααααα»αααααααΆα ααΆααααΆαααααααα·αααααααααααααΌαααααααααΆαααα»αααααα ααΎαα·αααα» Glasgow Coma Score ααΊααα»ααααΆα?
0
3
6
9
12
Αα»ααα’αΆαα»α€α₯ααααΆαααααΆααααΆα ααααΆαα open right inguinal hernia repair with mesh for a large right inguinoscrotal hernia ααΈααααααα αΎαα ααΆααα
αΌαααα’αΆααΆααααααααααααααΆαααααααΆαα’αΆααΆααααΊα
αΆαααααΆαααααΆαααα
ααααααΆαααΆαααααα½α
ααα ααΆααα·αα·αααα αα·αααΎαααΆαα αΎααααααααα ααααΆαα αΎααα·αααΊα
αΆααααΉαααααα
αααααααααΆαααΆαααααΆαα ααΎααααα·αααα·α
ααααααΆαααααα αα½αααΆααααααΆααααΉαααααΌαααΆααα?
ΑααΆαααααααΆααα·αα’αααΈααΈααΈα (Epidiyimo-orchitis)
ααα½αααααααΆα (Torsion of testis)
ΑααΆαααααααΆαααααααΆα(Ischaemic orchitis)
ΑαΆαααΊα
αΆαααααααααβ (Renal colic)
ΑαααααΌα inguinal ααΎα‘αΎααα·α (Recurrence of the inguinal hernia)
Αα»ααα’αΆαα»α¦α₯ααααΆαααααΆαα ααΆαα’αΆααΆααααΉα
αΆαααααα»αααααα·αααα’α½α ααααααα’ααααααα αΎαα ααΆααααααΆααααΆααααααααα·ααααΎααααΈααΆαααα αΆααΈα rectal cancerα£ααααΆαααα αΎαα αα·αα·αααααΎαααΆαα αααααΉααα·αα αΎαααΉαα αα
αααααααααααΆααααααΆααααααΆαααααΆααα αα
αααααΆααααααΆαααΆαααααααα αα¦αααααΈαααααα ααααΆαααΊ αα·ααα·ααα½αααΌα
αα
αααααααααα
αΌα α ααΆααααααΈα’αα·α
ααααααα αΆαααΌαααΆα central bowel loops with air-fluid levelsααΆα
αααΎαα ααΎαααααααααΆααΆααααααααααα»αααΊα’αααΈ?
ΑαααΆααΆαααααα·αααααΆαα (Non-operative management)
ΑαααΎαααααααα·α
ααααααΆαααΆααααα»ααααααΆαααααΆαα (Emergency diagnostic laparoscopy)
ΑαααΎ Gastrograffin ααααααααΌα
αα½ααααα (Gastrograffin small bowel series)
ΑαααΎ Gastrograffin enema (Gastrograffin enema)
ΑαααΎααααααΆαααααΆαα (Emergency exploratory laparotomy)
ΑαααααΈαααα α’αΆαα»α¨α₯ααααΆαααααΆαα ααΆααα»ααααα
ααααααααΆααααααα ααΆααααα’αΌαααΆα
ααααα’α½ααα·αααα’α½α α αΎαααααΆααααΆααααααααα·ααΎαααΆα αα·αααΈααααααααα (varicose veins)α αα·αα·αααααΎαααΆα αα»αααααΉααα
ααΆαααααααα·αααΆααααα
αα pubic tubercle ααΆααααααα αα»αααααααα·ααα½αααΌα
α αΎα ααΆαααα·αααα’αααααααα»αα
αΌαα ααΎααααα·αααα·α
αααααα½αααΆααααααααααα»α?
Femoral hernia
Inguinal hernia
Saphena varix
Lipoma
Inguinal lymph nodes
ΑαααααΈα’αΆαα»α€α ααααΆαααααΆαα ααΆαα’αΆααΆααααΊα
αΆαααα
ααααααααααΆαααΎααααΆα ααααααα½ααααααααααΆαα αααααααααααααΏαααΏααα»αααααα»αααααΆ αααααΆααα’αααα»ααα
αα
α’αΈαα½ααα»αααα ααααα α’αΆααΆααααααααααααααΆααααΆαα αααααΆαααααααΌα 100 bpmαα·αααααΆαααΆα 110/60 mmHg α αααααααααΆααααΉααααααα·αααΊαααααα
αααααααΆαααΎααααΆα(mild right upper quadrant tenderness)α αααΈααΈαααααααααα·αα’αΆααααααΆααααα αΆαααΆααΆαααΆα
ααα ααααααΎαααα ααααααααα·αααΆαααΆαααΆαα»ααΆααα
αα»ααα·αα ααΎα
ααααΎαααΆαααααααα½αααΆααΆαααααααααΆααΆαααααΉαααααΌααααα»α?
Ααα½αα
αΌαααΎααααΈααααααααΆαααΆαα’ααααΆαααΉαααα
Α
αααααααααΎααααα·αααα·α
αααα (Diagnostic laparoscopy)
ΑαααΎαααα (Exploratory laparotomy)
ΑαααΎ Diagnostic peritoneal lavage
ΑαααΎ Angiography +/- embolisation
Α’αααααααΌαααΆαααα α
αα
ααΎαα’αααααααΊα
ααα‘αααααΆαααα
α’αΆααΆαααααΆαα ααΆαααααα»αααα½αα’α»ααααΈαααααΆαααααααΆαααααα»ααααααΉα 4L/minα ααΎα’ααααα½αααααααααΎααααααααα½αααΆααα α’αΆα
α’ααααΉαα’αααΈααΆααααααααααααααααΊ? You are called to see a confused patient on the surgical wards, who is currently receiving oxygen via facemask at 4L/min. Which of the following observations would suggest that the patient is critically ill?
ααΈαα»ααα ααΆαααΆαααΆα 39.6ΒΊC
ΑααααΆαααααααΌα 92 bpm
ΑααααΆαααααα αΎα 38/minute
ααααΆαααΆα110/50 mmHg
αααααΉααααΆαα’α»ααααΈαααααΆααααα
93% (Peripheral oxygen saturation of 93%)
α’αααααααΌααα½αα‘αΎααα·αα’αααααααΊαααααΆαααΆααααααααα½ααααααααααααα€ααααααα αΎαα ααΆααααΆααααααααα·ααααΊααααααΆααααααΌα (ischaemic heart)αα·α ααααΊααααααααΌααααα αΎααααΆααααα αα·αα·αααααΎαααΆαα ααΈαα»ααα ααΆα 38.3Β°C αααααΆαααααααΌα 124/min ααααΆαααΆα 124/min α
α»αααααΎααααα
α§ααα αα αΎα wave-form αααααααααα jugular ααΎααα·αααΎαααα ααΎααΌαα ααα»αα½αααΆααααααααΆααααα
αααα»ααα»αααΆαααα?
αααααα»αααα½α (Wound infection)
ααααααααααΆααα½α (Pulmonary embolus)
αααα(αααα)ααααααΆαα
α·ααα
αΉαααΆα
ααα»ααααααΌα (Myocardial infarction)
Αα
ααΆαααΆαα αΌαααΆααα
αα»αααα (anastomosis) ααΆαα½α
ΑαααΆααααααααααααΆααααααα
αΌααα½α (Tension pneumothorax)
Α’αααααααΊαααα»α ααΆαα α’αΆαα»α€α₯ααααΆαααααΆαα ααΆαα’αΆααΆααααΊαα
αααα½αααΎα αα·αα αΎααααααΎαααΆαααααα ααΈαααααααα αΎαα ααΎα
ααααΎαααΆαααααααα½αααΆααΆααΆαααααΆααΆαααααΉαααααΌαααΆααα?
Αα»ααααααΊααα·ααααααααΆαα’αΆααααΈααΈα αα·αα·αααα‘αΎααα·ααααααα₯αααα
ααααααααΆααα·αααααΎααααααα’ααααααα
Ααααα duplex ultrasound ααααααααααΎαααααα
Α
αΆαα heparin ααααααααααα¦αααα (Subcutaneous heparin for 6 days)
ΑαααΆααααααΈα’αα·α
ααααααΆαααααΎα (Plain X-ray of the left ankle)
ΑαΎα
ααααΎαααΆαααααα αα½αααΆ αα·ααααααΆ α
αααααααααααααΆα¬ααααααααΆ αααααααααΆα (ischaemia) α’ααααααααααααα½α
ααααΆα?
ΑαΆαααΊα
αΆαααα
αααα½αααΎαααααααααΆα (Pain in the calf at rest)
ΑαΆααααΈαα
ααα
αααΎα (Absent ankle pulses)
ΑααααααααΆαα (Pallor)
Αααα·αα
αααΆαα
αααΎα/ααααΆαααΎα (Paralysis of ankle/toe movement)
ΑααααΆαααααα’ααααΎααααααΉαααΎαααααΆαααα
ΑαΎααααααααααΆααααΆαα½α ααααααααααααΆαα αααααααΉαααΆααααααααααααααααααα
(deep vein thrombosis=DVT)ααααΆααααΆααα?
ΑαΆαααααΌααααααΆαααααα
ααΆαααααα»α (Total Hip Arthroplasty)
ΑαΆααααααααααααΆααα αΆααΈα (Gastrectomy for carcinoma)
ΑαΆααα¬αααααΌααααΆα (Radical prostatectomy)
ΑαααΆαααααα
αα‘αΎααα·αααΆαααΈαααααα’αΆα’αα (Open aortic aneurysm repair)
ΑαααΆαααααααααΆααααααααα (Abdominoperineal resection)
ΑαΆααααααααα ααΆαα·ααΈαααααΆααααααααααααααααααα
αααααααααΆαα ααΎαα½αααΆααΆαααααα·αααααΆαααΆααα αααααΆααααΈα
αααααααΈααΆααα»αααΎααααΈααΆαααα αΆααΈααααααααααΈα
αααΆ?
ΑαΌααααααααααααα’ααααΎα (Venous foot pump=VFP)
ΑααααααααααααΆααΎααααΌα (Intermittent pneumatic compression=IPC)
ΑαααΎααααΆαα’ααααΆααΈαααΆααααααααααΌα‘ααα»αααΆα (Low molecular weight heparin=LMWH)
ΑαααΎααααΆαα’αΆααααΈααΈα (Aspirin)
"ααααΎαα·ααΈαα»αααααααααΆααααααααααα
(Thigh length graduated compression stocking (GCS)"
Α’αααααααΊααααΌααααααΆαααααα
ααΆααααΌα( Total Hip Arthroplasty=THA)αααααα
ααααΈαααααΈαααααα α€αααααΆα α ααΆαααα½αααα½ααα·ααΈαααααΆααα»αααΆααααααααααααααααα½αααΆ?
ΑαααΎαα·ααΈαα»ααααααα (Graduated compression stocking (GCS)
ΑαααΎααααΆαα’αΆααααΈααΈα (Aspirin)
ααααΎαααα αααΆααΈα (Warfarin)
ΑαααΎααααΆαα’ααααΆααΈαααΆααααααααααΌα‘ααα»αααΆα (Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH)
ΑαααΎααααΆαα’αΆααααΈααΈααα·αααααααΈααΌα αααααα (Aspirin and clopidogrel)
Αα»ααα’αΆαα»α’α€ααααΆαααααΆααα
αΌαα’αΆααΆααααααααααααααΆααααααααααααααααΆααααααα·ααααΌααΌα ααΆααααΆαααα½αααααΆααααααΆααααααΌααα·ααααααα αΎαααΆαααΆαααΊα
αΆαα ( respiratory distress)α αααααααΌαααΆααααααααΆααααααα resonant αα·ααα·αααΆαααααααααααα αΎαααα ααααααααααααααααΆαα ( trachea)ααα
αα
ααααΆαα ααΎααααα·αααα·α
ααααααααααΆααααΉαααααΌαααΆαααααΊα’αααΈ?
Α
αααααααααααααΆαααααα αΎαααΊα
αΆαααααα½α
ααααΆα (ARDS)
ΑαααααααααΆααα½α(Pulmonary embolism)
αααααα
αΌααα½ααααα―αα―αβ (Spontaneous pneumothorax)
ααΆααααα»ααα½α (Haemothorax)
ΑαααΆααααααΆααααααα
αΌααα½α(Tension pneumothorax)
Αα»ααα’αΆαα»α’α₯ααααΆαααααΆααααΆααααααααααΆααααααα·ααααΌααΌα ααΆααααΆααααααα’αΆααΆααααααααααααααΆαα ααΆααααααΆααΈαα·αα αααααΆαααααααΌα 130/min,ααααΆαααΆα 90/60 mmHg, αααααΆαααααα αΎα 32/min, ααΈαα»ααα ααΆα 36ΒΊC, αα·ααααα·αα’α»ααααΈααααααΆαααΆααααα
97% α ααΆααααΌαααΎα’ααααα½αααααΎα’αααΈ?
ααΆααααααααααΌααααα αΎααα·αααΆααα’α»ααααΈαααααΆααααΆαα
ΑααααΆαα»αααΆααααααααααα·αααααΆαααΎααααΈααααΎ cross-match
ΑαΆααααααααα’αΉαααα αα·αααΆαααααααΉααα
α
ΑαΆαααααα Glasgow Coma Score (Assess his Glasgow Coma Score)
ΑαααΌααα ααααΆααααααΈα’αα·α
ααα’αΉαααααα·αααααΌα
Αα»ααα’αΆαα»α’α₯ααααΆαααααΆααααΆααααααααααΆααααααα·ααααΌααΌα ααΆααααΆααααααα’αΆααΆααααααααααααααΆαα ααΆααααααΆααΈαα·αα αααααΆαααααααΌα 130/min,ααααΆαααΆα 90/60 mmHg, αααααΆαααααα αΎα 32/min, ααΈαα»ααα ααΆα 36ΒΊC, αα·ααααα·αα’α»ααααΈααααααΆαααΆααααα
97%αααα»ααααααα α ααΎα’ααααα½ααααα
αΌαααΆαααΆαα»ααΆαααΆαααααααααααΆααααααα½αααΆ?
Αααα
αΌα ααΆααααα»α O negative α’ααααααα»αααααααααΆαααααααααα
αααααΌαααααααααααΆ1litre ααααααααΆαα’αααα
1litreαα·α
ααααααΌα4%αα·α0.18%αααααΌαααααααααααΆααααααααΆαα‘αααα
ΑααααΌαααααααααααΆ1litre ααααααααΆαααααααααα
1 litre ααΌαα»ααααα»α Hartmans ααααααααΆαα’αααα
ΑαααααΈα’αΆαα»α’α€ααααΆαααααΆαα ααααααααΈααααααα αΎα ααΆαα’αΆααΆααααΊα
αΆαααα
αααααααΆααααααααα αα·αααΆααααα
αααα½α 39Β°C α ααΆααααααΌαααΆαα
αααααααΆαααααααααααααααααααΆααα·αααααΆαα₯ ααααααα αΎαα ααααΎαααΆαααααΆαααα·ααααα»αααααΆαααα αΎαααΆααααΆαα
ααααΈααααααΈααααααα’αααααααααα
αΌααααααΆαα αα·αα·αααααΎαααΆαα αααα
38.9Β°C ααΈαα
α 120 bs/minute αα·αααααΆαααΆα140/70 mmHgα αααααΉααααααα·αααΆαααΆαααΊα
αΆααααΆααααααα
ααααα
ααα’αΉαααΆαααΆαααααΆα(right iliac fossa)α αα»αααα½αααααΆαα
αααααααα’αΆαα ααΎααααα·αααα·α
ααααααααααΆααααΉαααααΌααααα»αααΊα’αααΈ?
α’αΆαααααααα»αααα (Intraabdominal abscess)
Ααα
ααααΆαααααΆααααααααααααααααααΆαααΆαα (Appendiceal stump leak)
αααΆαα
α»αααααααααααααααααΆαααΆαα (Appendiceal stump appendicitis)
αααΆαααααΌαααΉαααα (Urinary tract infection)
αααΆαααααααΌα (Salpingitis)
Αα»ααααααΆααααααΌαααΆαααΆαα
αΌαα’αΆααΆααααααααααααααΆαααααααααΆαααΆαααααα»αααααΆαααααΆα Glasgow Coma Score=GCS = 8α αααααααΈαααααααΆαααααΆα ααΈααα½αα’ααααααααααΆααα ααΆαααααααααααΎαα½αααΆαααααΆα’αααα·ααΆαααααΆααααΆα?
Αααα
αααααΎαααΈααΈααααα(CT)αα½αααααΆαααΆαααααΆαα
ΑαααααααΆααΈαα»α (Give mannitol)
Αααααα αααααΈααΌα’ααΈα (Give phenytoin)
ΑαΎαααααΌααααα αΎα (Establish an airway)
Αααα½ααα·αα·ααααααααααα
(Check for reflexes)
ΑαΎαααααααααααΎααΆαα·ααΆααα ααΆαααααααααΆαα½α?
α’αΆα
αααα
αααΆαααααα ααΌαααΆα ααααα ααα α
ααΆαααααααααααααααααααααΆααααααααΆααααααααΆ
Αα·αα’αΆα
αααα
ααα
ααΆαααααααααααααααΆαααΆα
ΑαΆαααααααααααΆααααααααααα·αααΆα
ααα»α
Ααααααααααα½ααααα·ααααααΆααααααααααααΆααααααααααΈααΆαααααααααααα (Does not leave a donor site behind after harvesting)
ΑαΆαα’αααααααααΆαααΌα
ααααα
αααα»ααααααΆαααΆαααΊα
αΆαααααα»ααααααααΆααααααα½α
ααααΆα ?
α’αΆααΆαααααααΎαα‘αΎααααΆαα αα
ααΆαα α‘α’ααααααα αΎα
ΑαΆααΆαααααααααααααααΎα’αααααααΊαα·αα’αΆα
αα·αααααΆα’ααααΆαα
αααΆααααΆαα
ΑαΆαααΊα
αΆααααΌα
ααα
αΆαααα·αααααΆααα‘αΎααα
ααααααααα αΎαα
αΌα
ααΆαααΊα
αΆααααααα·αααααααααα (Is constant and severe)
ααΆααΎαα
αΆααααααΎαα αΎαααΎαα‘αΎααα·αααααΆααααααΆ
Αααα
ααΎααααΆααααααααΆαααΊα
αΆαα ketamine ααΎααΆαα’αα·ααααΆαααΆαααααααα½αααΆααααΉαααααΌα? Regarding analgesic doses of ketamine, which of the following statements is correct?
Αα½ααααααα’αααα
α’αααααααΊα αΊαααααααα»αααααααααααΎαα·αααΆαααα½ααα½αααααΆαα
ααΆααααααΆααΌαα ααα»ααααΎα’ααα
ααααα’α½ααα·αααα’α½α
It antagonises the effects of opiates
ΑαΆαα·αααααααΆααΌαα ααα»αααα·ααΆααααααα αΎα
ΑαΆα’αΆα
ααΊα
αΆαα neuropathic αααΆαααααΆαα (It may worsen neuropathic pain)
Αα»ααα’αΆαα»α₯α¦ααααΆαααααΆααααααΌαααΆαααΆαα
αΌαα’αΆααΆααααααααααααααΆαααααααΆααααΈαααααααααΆααα
ααΆα
ααααααααααααα αααα’αααααΆααααααααΎαααααααααααα αΎαααΎαααΆαα ααΆαα
αααΆααΈααα½αααααΆαααα
α»αα αααααΆααααααα dull αα
αααααααΆαααααααα·αααΆααααα
αααα½αααααΆα ααααΆααααααα resonant αα
αα½αααΆααααααα ααΆααααΆαααΆαααΊα
αΆαααα
αααΆαααααΆαααα
αααααααααΆαα ααΆαααααααααααα αΎααα
αααααααΆαααααααα½αααααΆα αα·αααΆα generally vesicular with occasional crackles αα
ααααααααααααααα ααα’ααααΎααααααααΆαααααΆαααΆαααΎα ααΎααααα·αααα·α
αααααα½αααΆααααααΆααααΉαααααΌαααΆααα?
α αΌαααΆααα
αααα»αααααΌαααΆαααααα (Haemothorax on the right)
αααααα
αΌααααα»αααααΌαααΆαααααΆαααααααΆ (Simple pneumothorax on the right)
αααΆααααααααααααααα½αααααΆα (Right lower lobe aspiration pneumonitis)
ααααΊα αΊαααααααααααααα½α
ααααΆα (Acute severe asthma)
ααα½αααααΆααα½αααΆααααΌα (Generalised lung contusions)
Αα»ααα’αΆαα»α€α₯ααααΆαααααΆααα
αΌαααα’αΆααΆααααααααααααααΆαααααα»αα’αΆααΆααααΊα
αΆαααα
αααααααα
αααααααααα½αα
ααααααΆαααααΎααΈ αααα»αααααααααΆα’αα ααα·αα·αααααΎαααΆαααΆαααΊα
αΆαααα
anatomical snuffboxα ααΆααααααΈα’αα·α
αα·αααΎαααΆαααΆαααΆααααα’αΉααα·αααααΆααααΆαα½αααα ααΎααΆαααΆααααα’αΉαααΆαα½α αααα’αααααααααααΆααα?
ΑαΆααααααΆααααΈα‘ααα’αΉααααα (Fracture of the proximal thumb)
ΑαΆααααα’αΉαααααΆα αααΌα’ααΈαααααα (Fracture of the scaphoid)
ΑαΆααααα’αΉα radial styloidβ (Fracture of the radial styloid)
ΑαΆαααααααα’αΉαααΆαααααΈα’ (Fracture of the base of the second metacarpal bone)
ΑαΆαααααααα’αΉαααΆαααααΈα’ (Fracture of the base of the second metacarpal bone)
Αα»ααα’αΆαα»α€α₯ααααΆαααααΆαα αααααα’αΆααΆααααααααααααααΆααααααααααααααααΆαααα»αααΆαα½α ααααααα ααΆαααα
αα·ααΆαααααααΆ αα·ααα·αααΆαααΆαααΆααααααΆαααΈαααα
αααα»αααααΉαααα·ααΆααααααα ααΆααα·αα·ααααα·αααΆαα’αααΈαα½αααααααααΆααααααΎααααααααΆαααΆα ( brusing) αα
ααααα
ααααΆαααααααααααΆαα αααΈααΈαααααααααΆαααΎααα»ααααααααΌα
ααα½αα
ααα½ααα
αααα»ααααα’αααααΆααααααΆαα
Αααα»αααα’αΉααααΆααααααΆα (Depressed skull fracture)
Ααα½αααααΆααα·ααα»α (Closed head injury)
ΑαΆααααα
Subdural (Subdural haematoma)
ΑαΆααααα’αΉαααΆααααΆααααααΆα (Base of skull fracture)
ΑαΆααααα
Subarachnoid (Subarachnoid haemorrhage)
ΑααααααΈ αα»α α’αΆαα»α¦α ααααΆα α
αΌαααα’αΆααΆααααααααααααααΆααααααααα·ααααΌααΌαα½ααααααααααΆααα ααΆαα’αααααααααΌαααΎαα ααααΌααααα αΎαααααααΆ ααΆααααααα αΎαααααααΆ αααααΆαααααα αΎαα’α /ααΆααΈ ααΈαα
αα©α /ααΆααΈ ααααΆαααΆα140/90 mmHg; Glasgow Coma Score= 15α ααΆαα’ααααααααααΆαααα·αααΎαααΆαα’αααΈαα½αααααααααΆαα ααΎααααααααΆαααΊα
αΆαααα
αααααααααα
αΌα ααααααααααΆαααα’αΉααααααααααΌαα ααααΆααααααΈα’αα·α
αα·αααΎαααΆαααΆααα·αααααααααα»αααααΌα α¬ααΆααααα’αΉα ααα ααΎααααα·αααα·α
αααααα½αααΆααααααΆααααΉαααααΌαααΆααα?
ΑαΆααααα’αΉααααααααααΌαβ (Fractured sternum)
Ααα½αααΆαα·ααΆααα (Soft tissue injury)
ΑαΆααααα’αΉαααααΈ (Fractured ribs)
Ααα½αααααΆααααααΌα (Cardiac contusion)
Αα»αααΆααααα
ααααΈαααΆααααΆαα (Mediastinal haematoma)
ΑαααααΈα’αΆαα»α¦α₯ααααΆαααααΆααα
αΌαααα’αΆααΆααααααααααααααΆαααααααΆααααΈαααααααααΆααα
ααΆα
αααααααααΌααΌα αααααααΆαααΆααααααααααΌα ααΆααααααΌαααΆαααααααΎαααΆααΆαααΆααααα’αΉαααααΆααα·αααΆαααααα(fractured left clavicl) αα·αααΆααααα·αα
α»αααα’αΉαααααα·α
α αααααΆααααΈααΆαα
αΆαα morphine5 mg α
αΌαααΆα
ααα»α ααΎααΆαααααΆααΆαααΆααααααααααα½αααΆαααααααααα»α ?
Α
αΆαα bupivacaine α
αΌα epidural ααααΌαααΎααααΈαααααααΆαααΊα
αΆαα
ΑααααααΆαααΊα
αΆααααΆααα½αααα’αΉαααααααα bupivacaine
ΑαααΆααααα ααΆαα»ααααΆααααα’αΉαααααΆααα·ααααααααΆαααααΎααααΆαααααα
ΑαΆααααα ααΆαα»ααααΆααααα’αΉαααΆααααα
αααααααΆαααααΎααααΆαααααΉαααΉααααααα
ΑααααααΆααααααααΆαααΊα
αΆαααα·αα’α
ααααααααααααΎααααααααα½ααααα
ααΉαα
Αα»ααα’αΆαα»α’α’ααααΆαααααΆαα α
αΌαααα’αΆααΆααααααααααααααΆααααααααααααα½αααααααααΆααα’ααα ααΆααααα’αΌαααΆααΊααααααααα·ααα·αα’αΆα
ααααΎα
αααΆααααΆααααΆααααααααΊα ααΆααααααΈα’αα·α
αααα αΆαααΆαα½ααα’αΉαααΎααα (humerus)ααΆαααΆαααα
ααααααααααΆα αα·αααΆααααα·αα
α»αααα’αΉαααΆααααααα·α
α αααααααααΆααααα
αα·αααΈαα
αα
α»αααααααααΆα αααααΆαααααααα
αααααααΆαααΎαααααααααααααααΆα ααΎααΆαααααΆααΆααα½αααΆαααααααααα»αα
ααααααΆαααΆααααα’αΉαααΎαααααα(humeral fracture)?
ΑααααααΆααααααααΆαααΊα
αΆαααααααααΆααααααααααααααΈαααααααΆα
Ααααααααααα’αΉααα·αααααΆααααα’αΉαααΆααααα»ααααααα ααΆαα»αααααααΆαααααΎααααΆαααααα
ΑαααΆααααα’αΉαααΆααααα
αααααααΆαααααΎααααΆαααααΉαααΉααααααα
ΑαααααααΆαα’ααααααΎααΎααααΈαααααΆααααΆαα·αααΆαααΆα
αααααα’αΆαααααααΆααααΆααααααααα
ΑαΆαααααααααα’αΉαααααΎααααΆαααααΆααα’αΆαααααα
Αα»αααΈα‘α₯ααααΆαααααΆαα ααΆαα’αΆααΆααααΊα
αΆαααα
ααααα
ααα’αΉαααΆαααΆαααααΆα (right iiac fossa)α‘α’ααααααα αΎαα ααΎα
αααααααααααααΆα¬ααααααααΆααΆααααααααα αα½αααΆαααααΆααΌαα
αα·αααααΌαααΆαααααΆαααααα
αΌαααΎααααΈααααΎααααα· αααα·α
ααααααΆααΆαααΆαααααααααααααααα½α
ααααΆα?
ΑαΆαααΊα
αΆααα
αΆααααααΎααα
ααααααα»ααα·αααα
αΉααα·ααααααΌααααα»ααα
ααααα
ααα’αΉαααΆαααΆαααααΆα
ΑαΈαα»ααα ααΆαααΆαααΆα 39.5oC
ααΊα
αΆαα (Tenderness) αα
ααΉαααααααααααα
ααα’αΉαααΆαααααΆα
α’ααααΆααααααααααα·ααα·ααΆααααααα αΎα (Coated tongue with bad breath)
ΑαΆαααΊα
αΆααα
αΆααααααΎααα
αααααααααα
ααα’αΉαααΆαααΆαααααΆα
ΑαααααΈα’αΆαα»α£α₯ααααΆαααααΆααααΆαα’αΆααΆααααΊα
αΆαααα
ααααα
ααα’αΉαααΆαααΆαααααΆα ( right iliac fossa)α’α€ααααααα αΎαα ααΆααααΆαααΆαααΊα
αΆαααααααααα
α»α
αα½α
ααααααΏα (moderate rebound tenderness) αα
ααααα
ααα’αΉαααΆαααΆαααααΆαα ααΎα
ααααΎαααΆαααααααα½αααΆααααα·αααΌαααααααΆααα αα·αααα·α
αααα ααααΌααααα
αα?
ΑααΆαααααααααααααααα½α
ααααΆα (Acute appendicitis)
Α’αΆααααααααααΌαααΆαααααΆα (Right tubo-ovarian abscess)
ΑααΆαααΌαααααα»αααααααααααΈα (Mesenteric adenitis
Ααα ovarian follicle (Mittelschmertz syndrome)
ΑααααΈαα’ααααΌααααααααα’αΌαααα (Ruptured endometrial cyst of the ovary)
ΑαααααΈα
αααΆααα’αΆαα»α§α’ααααΆαααααΆααααΆαα’αΆααΆααααΊα
α»αα
αΆαααααα»αααααααΆαααααΆααα ααΆααααΆαααααααααα
αΆαααΆαααααΆαααααααααααΆαα αααααΆααααα½α αααααααΎα§αααααα’ααααΌααααΌα (laparoscopic cholecystectomy)α αααα»ααααΆααα·ααααα
αααα½α ααΈαα
ααα·ααααααΆαααΆαααααααΆααΊα
αΆαααα
αααααα
α»ααααα αΎαα ααΆαα½αααααα·αααα·α
ααααααααααα’αΆαααα ααΊαααΆαααααααααα½α
ααααΆα ααααΌαααΆααααααΆααααΆααΆαααΆαααΎαα‘αΎααααααΉαααΈαααΆααα·αα’αΆααΈα‘αΆαα ααΎα
ααααΎαααΆα ααααααα½αααΆαα·αααΆααααααααααααααΆαααααΆααααααΆααααααααααααααΆααααΆαααααααααα½α
ααααΆαααα?
Ααα·ααΆααααα·ααΆαααΎαααΎαααΈ 16,000
αααα·α α’αΆααΈα‘αΆααααα»ααααααΌαααΎαααΈ 1,000 I/U
α’αΆαα»ααΎαααΈ α₯α₯ (Age greater than 55)
α’αΆααααα»αααΈααααα»ααααααΌαααΆαααΆα 32 g/l (Serum albumin < 32 g/l)
ααααΆαα’α»ααααΈααααααα»αα’αΆαααααΆαααΆα 60 mmHg
ΑαΎααΆαααααΎααααΆαααααΉαααΉααααααα lignocaine ααΎαααΈααΆααααα½αααΆαα
ααΆααααααααα αα·αααΆαααααα·αααααΆα?
Ααααα (Cornea)
ΑααααααΆαααααααααααα (Posterior pharynx)
Αααααααα
αα (Auditory canal)
Αααα α½αααα (Urethra)
ΑαααΆαα
αααα»α (Nasal mucosa)
Αα»ααα’αΆαα»α’α£ααααΆαααααΆααααΆαα’αΆααΆααααΊα
αΆαααααα»αααααααααααααΌαααΉαααααΆααααΆαααααΎααα½αααααΆαααα
ααααΌαααΆαααααα ( single low velocity gunshot wound to the left chestα ααααΌαα
αΌααααα»αααα½αααα α3 cm αα
ααΆαααααααα·αααΆααααα
ααααΆααααααΆαααααα ααααΌαα
ααααα α 6 cm αα
ααΆααααααααα’αΉαααααΆααααααααααααα ααααααααα αΌαααααΌαααααΌαααΆαααΆα 400 ml αααααααααααααΆα 50 mlα ααΆααααααΈα’αα·α
αααα αΆαααΆαα½αααΈααααα·αααΆαααΉααααα»αααααααα½αα ααααΌαααααΆαααΆα 70/20 mmHg ααΈαα
α 120/min α αααααΆααααΈαααα
αΌααααααΌααααα 2 litres ααααΆαααΆα 85/55 mmHg ααΈαα
α110/min α ααΆαααααΎαααΈααΈααααααααα
αααααααααααααα·α
ααα (focused abdominal scan in trauma)ααααΌα αα·αααΎαααΆαα’αααΈααα ααΎααα ααΆαααααΆααΆααααααΆααααααα½αααααΎα’αααΈ?
αααΈααΈαααααααααΌααα·αααα
αααΈααΈααααααααα
αααααααααααααα·α
ααα α‘αΎααα·α (Repeat focused abdominal scan in trauma)
ααααααΆααααααααα·αααΆαααΆα(Continued observation)
ΑαααΎααααααΆαααααΆαα (Emergency laparotomy)
ααααΎαααααααααα½ααααα
αΆααααααΆαααααΉαααΉααααααα
ΑαααααΈα’αΆαα»α€α¨ααααΆαααααΆααααααΆααααα
αΆααααααΎαα
α»ααααααΆαααααΆααααα»αααααααα»ααααααΊααΈαα ααΆαα ααΆααααααΆααααααΆααα’αααααΆ ααΆαααΊα
αΆααααΌα
α
αΆααααΉαααΆααα·ααα
αααααΆααααααααααΆααααααΆαααα’α½αααα ααΆααα·αα·αααααΎαααΆααααα
αα·α
αα½α
(37.2ΒΊC) αα·αααΊαα
αααααααΆαααααΆα αααααααα
αΉααα·αααΆααα»ααααΆαααα½ααα
ααααααααα ααΎααααα·αααα·α
ααααααΆαααααααα½αααΆααααααΆααααΉαααααΌαααΆααα?
ΑααΆαααααααααααααααα½α
ααααΆα (Acute appendicitis)
Αα αΆααΈααααααααΆαααΎααααααααα (Caecal carcinoma)
Βαα»αααΆααααααα»ααααααααααααααααα (Haematoma of the rectus sheath)
Ααα½ααα»αααΈαα’αΌαααα (Torsion of an ovarian cyst)
ΑααΆααααααααααΆαααααα½α
ααααΆα (Acute cholecystitis)
Αα»ααα’αΆαα»α§α’ααααΆαααααΆααααααΆααααααΌααααααΆααααααααααΆααααΌα α’ααααααααααα ααΎαααΆαα αΎαααΎααα·αααΊα
αΆαααααα½αααΎααα
αααααααΎα
αααΆα ααΎααααα·αααα·α
ααααααΆαααααααα½αααΆ αααα ααΆααααΉαααααΌααααα»α?
ΑαΆααΆαα αΎαααααααΆααααααα (Normal post operative swelling)
ΑααααααααΆαααααα½α
ααααΆα (Acute joint infection)
ΑαααααΆααααα»αααααα’αΆααααααΌααααΈαα (Popliteal artery thrombosis)
Α αΌαααΆαα
αΌααα
α
ααααααααααΆααααααααα
ΑαααααΆααααα»ααααααααααααα
αααααααααΆαα (DVT)
Αα»ααα’αΆαα»α’α€ααααΆαααααΆααααααΆααααΈαααΌααΌα ααΆααααααΌααααα·ααα½αααααΆαααααα½αααΆααααΈααααααααΎαα ααα» αα·αααΆαααααααΆαααααααα
αααααΉα T10α α’ααααα·αα·αααααΆααα‘αΎααα·ααα
αααααααααααααααααααΆααα ααΎαααΆααααΈαααααααΆααα‘αΎααααα
α§ααα ααα·αααααΌαααΆααααα
αΌαααααΆααααΆαααααΉαααααΌαααα’ ααααΆααααΆααααααΆαααααααΌα ααΏα (105 bpm)αα·ααααααΆαααΆαααΆα (85/40 mmHg)α αααααΉαα’ααααΌααααΌαααΈαααααααΆ (120 g/L)α ααΎααΆαα’αα·ααααΆαααΆαααααααα½αααΆααααΉαααααΌα?
ΑαΆααααααΌαααΆαααααααααααΆααΆαα αΌαααΆαααΆααααα»α αα·αααααΌααααααααααααΎααααΈαααααΆαααααααααα·αααα·α
αααα
"ααΆααααααΌαααΆαααααααααααααΆααΆαα αΌαααΆαααΆααααα»ααα·αααααΌααααα
αΌαααΆαααΆαα ααΌα"
Αα½αααα’αΉαααααααααααΆααααααΆααααααααα·α
α αΎαααααΌαααααααααααα crystalloid
ΑαΆααααΆα’αααααα·αααααααααα αΎααααααΆαααα αΆααααααΆαααααΆααα’αΆαα»ααΆαα
Αα½αααα’αΉαααααααααααΆααααααΆααααααααα·α
αααα’αΆα
ααααααΎααααααΆαα
αΆαααααα
αΌα methylprednisolone αααα»αααα·ααΆααααααααΆαααααααααα
Αα»ααα’αΆαα»α₯α ααααΆαααααΆααααααΌαααΆααααααΌαααΈαααααααα»αααααααααΆααααΆαα’αΆααααααααΊαααααααα
α
ααααααα·αα
αΆααααααΎαααΊααααΆαααααΆαααααΆαααα
ααΎααααααα ααΆαααΊα
αΆααααΆαααΆαααΈαααααΆααα
ααΆαααααααααα
αα·ααααα½αααΎαα ααΆαααΊα
αΆαααααααΆαααααααα’αααααΆα αααα αΎαα αα
αα
α»ααααααααΆααααΆααααααααααΎαααΆα
ααα»ααααα½αααΎαααΆααααααα
α»ααααααα ααΎααααααααΆαααα·αα’αΆα
αααα
ααΎααααΆαααΆαα αααΈααΈαααααααα’αΉαααα
ααααααααα αΆαααΆααΆααααααΆααααα’αΉαααααααα
ααΆααααααααααΎα’αΆαααΌα
ααΆαα¬ααααααααααΆα S1 α ααΎααΆαα’αα·ααααΆαααΆαααααααα½αααΆααααΉαααααΌα?
Αα½αααααΌαααααΎααΆαααααΆααααααΆααΆα (Surgical treatment should be offered)
"ααααΎααΆαααααΆααΆα αααααΌαααΆαααααα’ααααααΉαααααΌααααΆααα·α
α’αα (Intensive physiotherapy for at least 2 months should be offered)"
ααααΌαα
αΆαααααααααΌα’ααΈααα
αααα»αEpidural
ΑααααΆααα·αααααΆααααααααΆαααΊα
αΆαα
ΑαΆααααααα
α
α·αααααααΎααΆαααααΆααα’αΆαααααααΎααα αααααΆααααααΆααααΆααααααΆααα MRI
ΑαααααΈα’αΆαα»α¦α₯ααααΆαααααΆαααα½ααααα»αααααααααΆαααααααααΆαααΆαααααααα
αααα»αααΉααααααΆααα αα
ααααα½αααΆααααααααααΎαααΆααααααααααΆααααΌαααααΆαα αααααΆααααααααΌαααΆαααααΆαα
αΌαα’αΆααΆααααααΆαααα·αααααΎαααΈααΈααααα αααα αΆαααΆααΆαααΆααα
αααα»αααΆαααααααα cistern ( basal cisterns) α ααΎααααα·αααα·α
αααααααα αΆαααααα αααααα»αααΊαα½αααΆ?
ΑαΆαα αΌαααΆααα
Subarachnoid (SubarachnoidΒ haemorrhage)
ΑαΆαα αΌαααΆααα
αααα»ααα½αααααΆα (Intracerebral haemorrhage)
ΑαΆαα αΌαααΆααα
Epidural (Epidural haemorrhage)
ΑαΆαα αΌαααΆααα
ExtraduralΒ (ExtraduralΒ haemorrhage)
ΑαΆαα αΌαααΆααα
Subdural (Subdural haemorrhage)
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