Quiz 7 OCE 4008 Final Exam Study Guide

____ 1. What is the Forchhammer's principle?

A. The saturation level of seawater

B. The constant proportion of solids in seawater

C. The components of seawater from weathering surface rocks

D. The measure of the total mass of halogen ions

____ 2. What is a solute?

A. A substance, usually a liquid, which dissolves other substances

B. A substance that dissolves into another substance

C. A mixture of two or more substances

D. A polar molecule

____ 3. What is not a factor on the salinity of a particular region of ocean?

A. Evaporation

B. Precipitation

C. Freshwater run-off from the continents

D. Saturation levels

____ 4. What type of water mass dissolves the most amounts of gases?

A. Tropical water masses

B. Temperate water masses

C. Equatorial water masses

D. Polar water masses

____ 5. What enhances the ocean's buffering capacity?

A. The amount of dissolved inorganic carbon present

B. The amount of acid already present in the ocean

C. The amount of dissolved organic compounds

D. The amount of calcium

____ 6. What is the greatest source of oxygen in deep water?

The respiration from bacteria

B. The lack of large quantities of organisms

C. Chemosynthesis

D. Polar waters that have sunk from the surface

____ 7. The Ocean is becoming more acidic as it absorbs additional _________from the atmosphere.

A. Carbon dioxide

B. ozone

C. oxygen

D. pollution

____ 8. What is the source of high carbon dioxide levels at middle depths in the ocean?

A. The decay of the remains of organisms

B. It diffuses from the atmosphere

C. Chemical reactions

D. Plant respiration

____ 9. Which essential gas is often in an unusable form in the ocean and atmosphere?

A. Nitrogen

B. Oxygen

C. Carbon dioxide

D. Methane

____ 10. The level of ____ increases with depth which is a factor in the calcium carbonate compensation depth.

A. Nitrogen

B. Oxygen

C. Carbon Dioxide

D. Ammonia

____ 11. What happens to pH levels in regions where there is more carbon dioxide present?

A. Carbon dioxide does not heavily impact pH levels.

B. The pH levels increase in these regions.

C. The pH levels decrease in these regions.

D. The seawater is able to buffer enough that there is no change.

Why is the amount of carbon dioxide dissolved in seawater much less than the theoretical maximum saturation level?

A. Carbon dioxide is very soluble in water.

B. Carbon dioxide is able to form a weak acid when combined with seawater.

C. Carbon dioxide is quickly used by photosynthetic organisms.

D. Carbon dioxide moves quickly from the atmosphere to the ocean.

____ 13. What does carbon dioxide break down into once it is in the ocean?

A. Carbonic acid

B. Bicarbonate

C. Carbonate

D. All of these choices

____ 14. How do salinometers measure salinity?

A. It measures the number of salt molecules in a set mass of seawater.

B. It calculates the salinity based on the density of the seawater.

C. It measures the electrical conductivity of seawater samples.

D. It calculates the salinity by measuring the chlorinity

____ 15. Why are some tropical waters unable to sustain life?

A. There is an addition of pollutants in many of these areas.

B. There is a low level of dissolved oxygen due to temperature.

C. There is a greater amount of carbon dioxide.

D. There are more conservative components in these waters.

____ 16. What causes a decrease in oxygen levels beyond the sunlit layer?

A. The respiration from marine animals and bacteria

B. The by-products of photosynthesis

C. There are fewer animals present

D. Decreased saturation because of cooler water

____ 17. What is the average pH of the ocean?

A. 7.0

B. 7.5

C. 8.0

D. 8.5

____ 18. Carbon dioxide is abundant near the surface due to the photosynthesis activities of plants.

____ 19. Rapid amounts of photosynthesis can create variations in the alkalinity of seawater.

____ 20. A higher level of pH is associated with more hydrogen ions.

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