Identify the major technique error on your patient’s bitewing.

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Receptor too far mesial

Occlusal plane not centered

Cone-cut

Horizontal angulation

Through the use of dental images, the dental radiographer can detect ________ that cannot be detected clinically.

1. diseases

2. lesions

3. Conditions of teeth and bones

3 only

1, 2, 3

1, 2

2, 3

An oral examination limits the practitioner to knowledge of what is seen clinically. Dental images allow the practitioner to see many conditions that are not apparent clinically.

Both statements are true.

The first statement is false; the second statement is true

The first statement is true; the second statement is false.

Both statements are false.

To avoid overlapped contacts on a periapical image,

Make certain that no more than 1/8 inch of the receptor edge extends beyond the incisal-occlusal surfaces of the teeth.

Increase vertical angulation.

Decrease vertical angulation.

Direct the x-ray beam through the interproximal regions.

When the kilovoltage is increased

Electrons move from the cathode to the anode with more speed.

Photons move from the anode to the cathode with more speed.

Electrons move from the anode to the cathode with more speed.

Photons move from the cathode to the anode with more speed.

(1) A primary advantage to digital imaging is the superior gray-scale resolution that results. (1) Digital imaging uses up to 32 shades of gray.

The first statement is false; the second statement is true.

Both statements are false

Both statements are true

The first statement is true; the second statement is false.

A cone-cut occurs when

The receptor is underexposed.

The PID was not properly aligned with the periapical receptor holder.

The exposure button was not depressed for a sufficient amount of time.

A sensor with a fiber optic cable linked to the computer is placed into the mouth of the patient and exposed to x-radiation. This is an example of

Phosphor imaging

Indirect digital imaging

Direct digital imaging.

Use of the CCD camera.

The CMS is defined as a series of intraoral dental images that shows

All the dentulous tooth-bearing areas of the upper and lower jaws that can be verified clinically.

All the edentulous tooth-bearing areas of the upper and lower jaws.

All the dentulous tooth-bearing areas of the upper and lower jaws.

All the dentulous or edentulous tooth-bearing areas of the upper and lower jaws.

Your patient has asked why you prefer digital imaging to film. Which of the following reasons would you tell her?

The images appear in color instead of black and white.

The initial setup costs were lower than it cost to set up film.

The sensors can be autoclaved and reused.

The image appears almost instantaneously for both of us to view.

The purpose of the anode is to

Filter out nonpenetrating, longer-wavelength x-rays.

Convert electrons into x-ray photons.

Produce electrons when heated.

Absorb heat created by the production of x-rays.

How many exposures of the posterior teeth will you need to take when using the paralleling technique?

Seven

Six

Eight

Four

Your patient has a palatal torus, where should you place the receptor?

You cannot take a periapical, the patient will require a panoramic receptor

Place the receptor on the far side of the torus.

Place the receptor in front of the torus next to the teeth you are exposing.

Place the receptor on the torus

Another term for infection control is __________, which means the absence of pathogens, or disease-causing microorganisms.

Asepsis

Antiinfective

Antiseptic

Antibiotic

Which of the following receptor holders include aiming rings that aid in the alignment of the position-indicating device (PID) with the receptor?

Snap-a-ray receptor holder

Hemostat with bite-block

Rinn XCP instruments

Stabe bite-block

According to the text, anterior periapicals are always positioned with the long portion of the receptor in a ____________ direction, and posterior periapicals the receptor is always positioned with the long portion of the receptor in a ______________ direction.

Vertical; horizontal

Horizontal; vertical

Horizontal; horizontal

Vertical; vertical

The lead apron

Is used to protect the thyroid gland.

Is an option; use is not mandated by any state or federal law.

Is recommended for intraoral exposures.

Is not recommended for extraoral exposures

Identify this image; it is mounted using the labial view.

Maxillary left molars

Mandibular right molars

Maxillary left premolars

Mandibular left molars

If the milliamperage is increased, the receptor density ________, and the image appears _________.

Increases; lighter

Decreases; darker

Decreases; lighter

Increases; darker

Parallel is defined as

Cutting across or through.

Moving or lying in the same plane, always separated by the same distance and not intersecting.

Intersecting at or forming a right angle.

An angle of 90 degrees formed by two lines perpendicular to each other.

Your patient has a shallow palate; you should modify your technique when there is a lack of parallelism ________________.

Less than 5 degrees

Greater than 40 degrees

Less than 20 degrees

Greater than 30 degrees

When are bite-wings and periapical images prescribed?

As needed, based on the patient’s individual needs

According to a set schedule

Every year

Every other year

Sensors that cannot be sterilized

Are placed in an immersion disinfectant for an appropriate amount of time between each patient.

Should be disposed of between patients

Only need to be wiped off with a surface disinfectant between patients.

Require complete coverage with disposable plastic sleeves for each patient.

Digital imaging uses _________________ to produce an image.

Processing chemistry

Radiographic film

An x-ray processor

An electronic sensor and computerized imaging system

Within the x-ray tube, electrons are generated by the

Tungsten filament in the cathode.

Tungsten filament in the anode.

Copper stem.

Molybdenum cup.

(1) You can use dental images to help educate your patient on his dental caries and periodontal disease. (2) You can also use dental images to help your patient see a picture of common conditions that cannot be seen clinically. These include cysts, extra teeth, and retained roots.

Both statements are false

The first statement is true, and the second statement is false

The first statement is false, and the second statement is true.

Both statements are true.

According to the basic rules of paralleling, the central ray should be directed ______________ to the receptor and the long axis of the tooth.

Adjacent

Horizontal

Parallel

Perpendicular

When the distal surfaces of the canines are not visible on a premolar bite-wing image, the solution is to

Decrease the vertical angulation of the tubehead

Position the anterior edge of the receptor at the midline of the mandibular canine.

Increase the vertical angulation of the tubehead.

Vertical bite-wings are often used for patients with

Bone-loss

Mixed dentition

Sealants

Extensive decay

The appearance of a patient’s finger on the image is called a

Hemangioma

Phalangioma

Pericytoma

Myxoma

The binding energy or binding force of an electron is

Determined by the atomic number

Weaker for electrons located in inner shells than in outer shells.

Determined by the distance between the neutrons and protons within the nucleus.

Determined by the distance between the orbiting electrons and the nucleus.

Which of the following statements is true of wavelength in reference to radiation?

X-rays with shorter wavelength have less penetrating power.

X-rays with longer wavelength have less penetrating power.

Milliamperage controls the wavelength and energy of the x-ray beam.

X-rays with longer wavelength are less likely to be absorbed by matter.

A radiograph is defined as

A beam of energy that has the power to penetrate substances and record image shadows on a receptor.

A form of energy carried by waves or a stream of particles.

The art and science of making radiographs by the exposure of an image receptor to x-rays.

A picture on film produced by the passage of x-rays through an object or body.

Infection control is critical in your dental operatory because pathogens can be transmitted easily through which of the following

1. Your patient to you.

2. You to your patient.

3. From one patient to another patient.

1, 2, 3

2, 3

1, 3

1, 2

The collimator ____________

Is a solid piece of aluminum.

Restricts the size and shape of the x-ray beam.

Is always round.

Is fitted within the copper stem beneath the molybdenum cup.

(1) Digital sensors can be disinfected, sterilized, placed in cold sterilization, or be placed in barriers. (2) When using barriers, disinfect the sensor, cover both the sensor and the wire connection with a plastic barrier, and then cover with a finger cot to provide added protection.

Both statements are true.

The first statement is true; the second statement is false.

Both statements are false

The first statement is false; the second statement is true.

To achieve parallelism between the receptor and the tooth, the ____________ distance must be increased to keep the receptor parallel with the long axis of the tooth.

Operator-patient

Object-receptor

Target-object

Target-receptor

Radiolucent refers to that portion of a dental image that is

Contains the tooth.

Within the plastic base.

Black.

White.

You are showing your patient a bite-wing image. Your patient points to a portion of the tooth that is the most radiopaque and wants to know what it is. What portion of the tooth is your patient pointing to?

The enamel

The denton

The pulp

The periodontal ligament space

Which of the following images is used to evaluate the crown, roots, and supporting bone of a tooth?

Interproximal

Panoramic

Periapical

Occlusal

Which of the following statements is true of the receptor holder?

It requires the patient to stabilize the receptor with their hand.

It is used to align an extraoral dental x-ray receptor.

It is required when using the intraoral bisecting technique.

It is required when using the intraoral paralleling technique.

Under which of the following conditions must you wear your mask and safety glasses?

Whenever spatter and aerosolized sprays of blood and saliva are likely

If desired

Whenever the high-speed handpiece is used

Only during surgical procedures

Milliamperage regulates the _________ of electrons produced at the cathode filament

Quantity

Speed

Quality

Power

When determining vertical angulation, if the position-indicating device (PID) is positioned above the occlusal plane and the central ray is directed _______, the vertical angulation is termed _________.

Downward; negative

Upward; positive

Downward; positive

Upward; negative

Blurred images appear on the dental image when

There is patient movement

The film is creased.

There is a double exposure

The film is reversed

Short teeth with blunted roots appear on the image when

The horizontal angulation is incorrect.

The vertical angulation is insufficient.

There is a cone-cut.

You have noticed that your mandibular incisors are foreshortened; how would you correct this problem?

Place receptor parallel to the long axis of the teeth.

Decrease vertical angulation.

Adjust horizontal angulation

Increase vertical angulation.

An underexposed receptor results from

Excessive kilovoltage.

Inadequate tissue density.

Excessive milliamperage.

Insufficient exposure time.

The bite-wing image is used in the

Periapical bisecting technique.

Occlusal technique.

Periapical paralleling technique.

Interproximal examination.

When overlapped contacts appear on a dental image, the cause is

A dropped receptor corner.

An underexposed film.

Incorrect horizontal angulation.

Incorrect vertical angulation

(1) Radiation is the emission and propagation of energy through space or a substance in the form of waves or particles. (2) Radioactivity can be defined as the process by which certain unstable atoms or elements undergo spontaneous disintegration, or decay, in an effort to attain a more balanced nuclear state.

The first statement is false; the second statement is true.

The first statement is true; the second statement is false.

Both statements are true.

Both statements are false.

The teeth on your patient’s images appear very radiopaque and the periodontium and tissue appear very radiolucent. Your patient’s dental image has

High density

Low density

High contrast

Low contrast

Which of the following would be a reason to switch from film to direct digital imaging?

Digital images can be printed when needed.

The digital image cannot be incorporated into the electronic record.

The digital network makes it more difficult to store images.

Digital images cannot be electronically transmitted to other dental professionals.

Your patient is concerned about the amount of x-ray exposure she has had because she had x-rays taken quite often at her previous dental office. You explain to her that the images are necessary and you will be taking digital images which require _________ exposure than the films she previously had taken. Exposure times are ________ than that required for conventional radiography.

10% to 20% less

20% to 50% less

70% to 100% less

50% to 90% less

Identify the major placement error in this molar radiograph.

Too far mesial

Too far distal

Vertical angulation

A beam alignment device can be used to help the dental radiographer position the PID in relation to the _____________ and the receptor

Extension arm

Collimator

Control panel

Tooth

The nucleus of an atom contains

Protons

Neutrons

Protons and neutrons

Electrons

According to the basic principles of the paralleling technique, the receptor is placed in the mouth _________ to the long axis of the tooth being x-rayed, and the central ray of the x-ray beam is directed ____________ to the receptor and long axis of the tooth.

Perpendicular; perpendicular

Perpendicular; parallel

Parallel; parallel

Parallel; perpendicular

To minimize dimensional distortion, the object and receptor must be _____________ one another.

Parallel to

At a 45-degree angle to

More than the length of the PID apart from

Perpendicular to

Added filtration in the dental x-ray tubehead

Refers to the placement of tungsten discs in the path of the x-ray beam between the collimator and the tubehead seal.

Results in a lower-energy beam

Results in a more penetrating useful beam.

Thermionic emission of electrons occurs at the

Copper stem.

Tungsten filament in the cathode.

Tungsten filament in the anode

Molybdenum cup

To correct a dental image where apices do not appear,

The teeth being imaged must be firmly in contact with the bite-block.

Direct the x-ray beam through the interproximal spaces.

Increase the exposure time.

Make certain that no more than 3/4 inch of the receptor edge extends beyond the incisal-occlusal surfaces of the teeth.

You have noticed that your maxillary premolars are elongated, how would you correct this problem?

Increase vertical angulation.

Place receptor parallel to the long axis of the teeth.

Decrease vertical angulation.

Adjust horizontal angulation

Critical instruments are defined as instruments

That contact but do not penetrate bone

That are used to penetrate soft tissue or bone

That contact but do not penetrate soft tissue

Or devices that do not come in contact with mucous membranes.

During an exposure

The exposure button is firmly depressed until the preset exposure time is completed.

The exposure button is briefly depressed and then released to initiate the exposure

A beep sounds to signal initiation of the exposure.

The exposure light on the control panel is illuminated to signal the completion of the exposure.

Identify the parts

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