Dental hygiene 102
Dental Hygiene Essentials Quiz
Test your knowledge on dental hygiene and local anesthetics with our engaging quiz designed for dental professionals and students alike. This quiz covers a variety of topics, ensuring you understand the key elements in the field.
- Explore questions on anesthetics and their applications.
- Improve your knowledge of dental procedures and best practices.
- Perfect for both practice and certification preparation.
What is the most common topical preparation for lidocaine?
Patch
Spray
Ointment
Solution
What is the available concentration of Oraquix?
5% lidocaine and 5% prilocaine
2.5% lidocaine and 2.5% prilocaine
14% benzocaine, 2% butamben, and 2% tetracaine
20% benzocaine and 5% lidocaine
Sodium chloride is a buffer creating an injectable solution that is isotonic
True
False
Local anesthetic agents with vasocontrictors are generally more acidic than plain formations because of the presence of sodium bisulfite
Both the statement and the reason are correct
Both the statement and the reason are correct but NOT related
The statement is correct, but the reason is NOT
Neither the statement NOR the reason is correct
Which of the following local anesthetics, without a vasoconstrictor, is/are useful in dentistry when the vasoconstrictor is contraindicated?
Prilocaine
Mepivacaine
All options listed
None of the options listed
If more anesthetic is needed for a procedure, it is important to reinject the anesthetic after the mantel fibers have fully recovered
True
False
The rate of systemic absorption of local anesthetics depends on the total dose, concentration, route of administration, vascularity of tissues, and presence or absence of a vasoconstrictor
Tue
False
What is another name for axons?
Core bundles
Mantle bundles
Nerve fibers
All options listed
What is the name of a common ester topical anesthetic?
Lidocaine
Dyclonine hydrochloride
Prilocaine 2.5%
Benzocaine
Prilocaine is the generic name for which of the following?
Citanest
Marcaine
Carbocaine
Xylocaine, alphacaine, octacaine
Undesirable side effects of incorporating sympathomimetic agents such as epineprine into local anesthetic solutions include
Increased force of air exchange
Increased bronchi dilation
Increased rate and force of heart contractions
All options listed
The higher the pKa of an anesthetic, the faster the onset of action
True
False
Among local anesthetics procaine has the highest percentage of protein binding and is the most lipid soluble
True
False
Which receptors relax bronchial smooth muscles, causing the bronchi of the lungs to dilate
Alpa 1 receptors
Beta 1 receptors
Beta 2 receptors
Alpha and beta receptors are equal
Which anesthetic drug has a short half-life of approximately 27 minutes and is the least toxic of the anesthetics?
Articaine
Lidocaine
Mepivacaine
Prilocaine
The over-the-counter product Anbesol with benzocaine can be safely used by all family members
True
False
Which part of the chemical structure of a local anesthetic determines the pattern of biotransformation of the anesthetic
Lipophilic part
Hydrophilic part
Intermediate chain
All options listed
What is the solution that was added to the cartridge of local anesthetic to prevent bacterial growth
Vasoconstrictor preservative
Sodium hydroxide
Sodium chloride
Methylparabem
Adding vasoconstrictor to local anesthetics can result in reduced systemic toxicity and increased duration of anesthetic because the vasoconstrictor reduces the rate of absorption
Both the statement and reason are correct and related
Both the statement and reason are correct but NOT related
The statement is correct, but the reason is NOT
The statement is NOT correct, but the reason is correct
A stimulus is an electrical message from one part of the body to another. An impulse is an environmental change in an excitable tissue
Both statements are true
Both statements are false
The first is true, the second is false
The first is false, the second is true
As the action potential moves down the line, its strength decreases as it moves from one neuron to the next. The action potential in myelinated axons does not propagate as waves as in unmyelinated axons
Both statements are true
Both are false
First is true, second is false
First is false, second is true
What is the reason that concentrations of topical anesthetic agents are higher than those of their injectable counterparts?
Topical agents are not natural vasoconstrictors like injectable anesthetic agents
They facilitate high plasma concentrations of topical anesthetic agents
They facilitate diffusion of the topical anesthetic agent through the mucous membranes
With topical anesthetic agents, systemic absorption decreases
What inactivates epinephrine once it is in the bloodstream?
Adrenergic nerves
Liver enzymes
Its excretion into the urine
All options listed
Which of the following is/are true regarding topical anesthetics
Allergic reactions can occur up to 2 days after the anesthetic is given
Benzocaine and tetracaine are both amides, which increases their potential fo causing an allergic reaction
If there were an allergic reaction, it is likely to present immediately at the time of anesthesia
All options listed
The relationship between relative amounts of ions inside and outside the nerve membrane is known as which of the following?
Relative refractory period
Concentration gradient
Action potential
Axolemma
Anesthesia of the lingual nerve requires a separate technique and/or injection
True
False
The Vazirani-Akinosi block is useful when soft tissue structures as the tongue or buccal fat pad persistently obstruct the view of the intraoral landmarks used in the IA block. The mylohyoid nerve is anesthetized during the Vazirani-Akinosi block
Both statements are true
Both statements are false
The first is true; the second is false
The first is false; the second is true
What area should the clinician palpate in order to determine the location of the mental forame?
Directly below the mandibular notch on the ramus of the mandible
Between the mandibular first and second premolars
From the mandibular first molar to the distal surface of the canine
On the lingual and at the apex of the mandibular incisors
What usually causes the discomfort associated with the IA block?
Lingual shock
Injecting slowly
The needle insertion
Gently contacting bone
In most cases, paresthesia occurs due to problematic surgical extraction of impacted molars
True
False
When administering the IA block, what other nerve may inadvertently be anesthetized if bone is not contacted?
PSA
Facial nerve
Lingual nerve
Mandibular neve
When administering the buccal block and the tissue balloons up, the clinician should correct this by deeper penetration of the bevel of the needle
True
False
Both the right nasopalatine nerve and the left nasopalatine nerve are anesthetized by the nasopalatine block. Only one injection is needed for both sides of the palate
Both statemetns are true
Both statements are false
The first is true, the second is false
The first is false, the second is true
Best practices for increasing patient comfort during the administration of maxillary injections include which of the following
The needle should not be moved withing the tissue
The patient's upper lip should not be slightly jiggled for distraction
There is no bony contact of the overlying sensitive periosteum with the needle
All options listed
Which of the following are best practices for the maxillary supraperiosteal injection technique?
The bevel orientation of the needle should be away from the bone
The needle should be inserted parallel with the long axis of the tooth
The needle tip is placed inferior to the apex of the selected tooth
All options listed
Practices to avoid when administering local anesthetic include which of the following
Not using enough for patient comfort and hemostatic control
Overadministering of anesthesi
Administering anesthesia to a large treatment area than can be completed in one visit
All options listed
What is the most common technique error associated with supraperiosteal, ASA, and MSA indejections
Incorrect fulcrum
Incorrect angulation of the syringe barrel and the needle
Incorrect target site and solution deposition
Incorrect aspiration
There is less variation in the anatomy of the mandibular anesthetic landmarks than there is in similar maxillary structures, this making the mandibular injections more routine. Anesthesia in the maxillary arch usually does not require any troubleshooting of failure cases
Both statements are true
Both are false
The first is true; the second is false
The first is false; the second is true
The periodontal ligament injection is administered directly into the periodontium of the tooth, providing pulpal anesthesia along with lingual and buccal mucosa
True
False
When administering the PSA injection, what other nerve may inadvertently be anesthetized?
Infraorbital nerve
Greater palatine nerve
MSA nerve
Mandibular nerve
All of the following are strategies for when the clinician encounters exostosis EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION
Increase retraction
Move the needle injection site more superior
Utilize the palatal injection
Keep needle parallel to the bone
Which injection is commonly used when performing cosmetic dentistry on the maxillary anterior teeth
ASA block
MSA block
AMSA block
Greater palatine block
Best practices for administering the IA block include which of the following
After gently making contact with the bone, withdraw slightly and then begin the deposition of solution
Deposition of solution at the target area will provide the most anesthetic power
Deposit a small amount of the local anesthetic agent as the needle enters the tissue after each aspiration
All options listed
After administering the IA block, which injection should the clinician consider administering if the central incisor fails to achieve pulpal anesthesia
Gow-Gates
Supraperiosteal injection
Mental block
Buccal block
Periodontal ligament injection are utilized when pulpal anesthesia is indicated on a single tooth in the mandibular arch
True
False
What is the most common technique error associated with the infraorbital injection
Incorrect fulcrum
Incorrect angulation of the syringe barrel and the needle
Incorrect target site and solution deposition
Incorrect aspiration
The PSA injection can be useful during maintenance or recare appointments. Many times the maxillary molars are the first teeth involved in periodontal disease
Both statements are true
Both statements are false
The first is true, the second is false
The first is false, the second is true
Administering the PSA block first is a good way to introduce the patient to less discomfort with local anesthesia because the injection does not contact bone and there is relatively small area of soft tissue into which the local anesthetic is deposited
Both the statement and reason are correct and related
Both the statement and reason are correct but NOT related
The statement is correct, the reason is NOT
The statement is NOT correct, but the reason is correct
Which statement describe the P-ASA block
No anesthesia of upper lip and face
Anesthesia for the maxillary anterior teeth of one sextant
3 to 4 minute deposition period
All options listed
What should the clinician do if she accidently positions the anesthetic needle against the periosteum and bony contact is made?
Withdraw the needle and reinsert it farther away from the periosteum
Withdraw the needle and change it because it may be dull
Withdraw the needle, apply more topical anesthetic, and select a different injection to perform firs
Without withdrawing the needle, move the needle slightly, aspirate, and attempt anesthesia again
Best practices to prevent needle breakage include which of the following
Use a long, small-gauge needle
Use good technique
Bend needle for correct angulation
All options listed
The preanesthetic patient assessment is the most important measure the dental hygienist can complete to prevent an allergic reaction. Patients who report they are susceptible to asthma, hay fever, and allergies to foods hace an increased potential to develop and allergic response to medications
Both statements are true
Both statements are false
The first is true, the second is false
The first is false, the second is true
Which of the following is considered a transient complication?
Burning on injection
Nerve damage
Hematome
Anaphylaxis
If the dental hygienist were to administer two different local anesthetics, which MRD would she use?
Use the higher MRD
Use the lower MRD
Use the MRD for the local anesthetic administered in the greatest amount
Subtract the lower MRD from the higher MRD and use the resulting MRD
Cardiovascular signs of toxicity of local anesthetic solution include which of the following
Myocardial depression
Cardiac dysrhythmias
Cardiotoxicity in pregnancy
All options listed
Prior to administering a local anesthetic injection all of the following EXCEPT one will help prevent a local complication? Which one is the exception
Preanesthetic assessment
Effective patient communication
Proper technique according to recommended guideline
The time the anesthetic is administered
Which of the following could be cause for pain during injection?
Dull needle
Barbed needle
Rapid deposition
All options listed
If one has to estimate the amount of local anesthetic solution that was administered from one cartridge, the width of the rubber stopper would represent how much?
2 mL of solution
0.2 mL of solution
0.02mL of solution
Never estimate
Which of the following are preventive measures to decrease the occurrences of soft tissue injury?
Selection of agent with appropiate duration of action
Advise parent/caregiver about possible injury due to biting the lip, tongue, or cheek
Place cotton rolls in vestibule and warning stickers on the patient's head
Advise parent/caregiver to delay meals and hot drinks
All options listed
For what kind of patient should the MRD of local anesthetic agents be decreased
Children
Elderly
Medically compromised
All options listed
When mild toxic overdose reaction occurs the proper treatment would be
Protect patient, monitor vital signs and give oxygen
Place tongue depressor between the teeth, to prevent the patient from biting their tongue, monitor vital signs, and give oxygen
Give Valium 10mg
Give epinephrine IM
Children between the ages of 6 and 9 may receive effective pain control, equivalent to the IA block, from buccal supraperiosteal infiltrations. Some extraction procedures can be accomplished utilizing mandibular supraperiosteal injection
Both statemetns are true
Both statements are false
The first is true, the second is false
The first is false, the second is true
One of the most common adverse reactions to local anesthesia is systemic toxicity. This is typically the result of administering the anesthetic agent over the patient's maximum recommended dose (MRD) or from inadvertent intravascular injections
Both statements are true
Both statements are false
The first is true, the second is false
The first is false, the second is true
What is the formula for calculating how many milligrams of anesthetic solution were administering?
Subtract the MRD from the absolute MRD
Multiply the percent concentration of local anesthetic agent by 10 mg
Multiply the number of cartridges administered by the milligrams of anesthetic in each cartridge
Multiply the milligrams of anesthetic in each cartridge by the patient's weight
Which statement is true about epinephrine or an epinephrine overdose response?
Epinephrine is a relative contraindication when a patient taking non-selective beta-blockers
Epinephrine is contraindicated when a patient who has atypical pseudocholinesterase
During an epinephrine overdose, the patients should be reassured and positioned in a supine position
The optimal dosage concentration for epinephrine is 1:1000 when used as a vasoconstrictor in local anesthetic
All of the following are true of topical anesthetics used in dentistry EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
Lidocaine may contain preservatives such as the parabens that could induce an allergic response
Topical anesthetics are possible allergens
Benzocaine is a commonly used amide topical anesthetic that can contribute to an allergic reaction
Tetracaine can contribute to an allergic response
Which anesthetic/vasoconstrictor combination is most likely to limit the anesthetic drug
Lidocaine 2% 1:50,000 epinephrine
Lidocaine 2% 1:100,000 epinephrine
Mepivacaine 3% 1:20,000 levonordefrin
All options listed
A moderate level of sedation is referred to
Minimal sedation
General sedation
Maximum sedation
Conscious sedation
Recommended treatment of allergic reactions includes which of the following
25 to 50 mg adult dose Benadryl for mild cutaneous reactions
1:1000 epinephrine for more serious reactions
60 mg merhylprednisolone for severe allergic reactions
All options listed
Which of the following best practices will help to prevent infection caused by the administration of local anesthetic
Wipe needle with disinfectant
Store anesthetic cartridges in disinfectant solutions
Sheath needle before and immediately after injection
All options listed
Using the information from the previous questions, how many additional cartridges of 3% mepivacaine can the patient receive?
0 cartridges of 3% mepivacaine; a different local anesthetic should be selected
1.8 additional cartridges of 3% mepivacaine
6.4 additional cartridges of 3% mepivacaine
2.4 additional cartridges of 3% mepivacaine
Which of the following is true regarding the use of mepivacaine 3% plain?
Provides short-acting pulpal anesthesi
Provides similar duration of soft tissue aneshtesia as lidocaine 2% 1:100,000 epinephrine
Makes it easier to reach or exceed MRD than 2% lidocaine 1:100,000 epinephrine
Contains 50% more local anesthetic in a cartridge than 2% lidocaine 1:100,000 epinephrine
All options listed
Which of the following must be documented in the patient's record following the administration of nitrous oxide?
Health history
Vital signs
Oxygen saturation
All options listed
What is the best way to avoid systemic toxicity when administering a local anesthetic solution
Reduce the amount of vasoconstrictor
Inject slowly
Use disposable needles
Aspirate before injection
What is the proper length of time to allow topical anesthetic to remain on the tissue at the injection site?
1 to 2 minutes
2 to 4 minutes
5 to 6 minutes
Until patient reports that he is numb
Restoring a sharp cutting edge is one of the two main objectives to instrument sharpening. What is the other objective?
Maintain the internal angle of the cutting blade at about 90 degrees
Remove metal equally from the face and lateral surface
Preserve the original shape of the instrument
Maintain the angle between the instrument face and stone at 90 degrees
Endosseous implants are made from what material
Ceramic-coated titanium
Gold
Stainless steel
Titanium
A) A variety of antimicrobial agents, have been researched for professional irrigation with varying results; products used include chlorhexidine gluconate and fluoride B) an antimicrobial agent can aid in reducing the numbers of microorganisms to prevent aerosol contamination during instrumentation
Statement A is true and statement B is false
Statement A is false an statement B is true
Both are true
Both are false
An obturator is
Designed to close a congenital opening
Left in place during exposure of radiographic images
Designed to require only professional cleanings
All these are correct
When scaling with a curet, the ideal angulation formed between the instrument face and tooth surface should be
15 degrees
35 degrees
50 degrees
70 degress
Mrs. Carlson is in the process of initial therapy with the RDH. She has completed one quadrant of her nonsurgical periodontal therapy with the RDH. After scaling and root planing are completed, what type of instructions should be provided to Mrs. Carlson
Personalized printed instructions should be provided
Only verbal instructions should be provided
No instructions are needed
Only give instructions when all quadrants are completed
In the dental hygiene care plan, the expected outcome for nonsurgical therapy includes which of the following
Interrupt or arrest the progression of disease
Create an environment that encourages tissue resolution and elimination of inflammation
Educate and motivate the patient
All of these are correct
All of the following interdental implements could be recommended to a patient with implants, except
Synthetic yarn
Folded strip of gauze floss threader
Round wooden toothpicks
Metal ice interdental brush
A hypochlorite solution (household bleach) can be used as a chemical solution for denture immersion. Which of the following is true regarding this solution
Active infredient is a dilute sodium hypochlorite with bleaching properties
Mode of action is to loosen stains and deposits
Solution can corrode metal parts
All of thee are correct
Which of the following best indicates that an instrument is dull?
The instrument grabs the plastic testing stick
Light does not reflect from the cutting edge
Each portion of the cutting edge engages the plastic resting stick uniformly as the blade advances
The cutting edge presents a rounded, shiny surface
Mr. Kennedy has come into the office for his 6-month continuing care appointment. He informs you that he is tired of wearing his partials and he would like to just have the dentist extract the rest of the teeth and make a denture. Upon looking at his radiographs you see that the bone and support is excellent in the remaining teeth. What would you say to Mr. Kennedy in response to his request?
A full denture requires more patient care than natural teeth.
Full dentures have excellent retention.
Full dentures are just as good as natural teeth.
Full dentures require fewer dental visits.
Natural teeth should be retained for as long as possible.
All of the following can be used to remove calculus from the implant surface, except:
Plastic curette.
Titanium curette.
High-power ultrasonic scaler with regular tips.
All of these can be used to remove calculus from the implant surface
A) Power-driven scaling devices convert electrical energy (ultrasonic) or air pressure (sonic) into high-frequency sound waves. B) Sound waves produce rapid mechanical vibrations in the specially designed scaling tips.
The first statement is true and the second statement is false.
The first statement is false and the second statement is true
Both statements are true.
Both statements are false
When sharpening the toe of a curet with a moving stone, all of the following are true, except:
Make the toe parallel with the floor.
Apply the stone to make a 90 degree angle with the toe
Turn the instrument continuously until center of the round end of the blade is reached.
All of these are true statements.
When sharpening curets, the visible angle at which the stone will be placed should be:
55 degrees.
70 degrees.
100 degrees.
110 degrees.
Increased tactile sensitivity can result from all of the following, except:
Using a thinner shank.
Removing fine deposits of calculus.
Doing maintenance of root debridement.
Using the file.
All of the following are consequences for replacing teeth, except:
A missing third molar.
Migration
Overclosure
angular cheilitis
All of the following interdental implements could be recommended to a patient with implants, except:
Synthetic yarn
Folded strip of gauze
Floss threader
Round wooden toothpick
Metal core interdental brush
Which one of the following is not an accurate statement concerning testing instrument sharpness?
Apply the testing stick along the entire cutting edge.
Test for sharpness after one or two strokes.
Use a metal quarter-inch rod, 3 inches long.
When the instrument is sharp, it engages the test stick.
Periodontal debridement includes which of the following therapeutic interventions?
Scaling to remove calculus and all soft deposits
Root planing to eliminate subgingival calculus and smooth the tooth surface
Root debridement to eliminate subgingival biofilm and mineralized deposits
All of these are correct.
A) Bone will resorb when teeth are removed. B) Dental implants preserve surrounding bone through function.
Statement A is true and statement B is false.
Statement A is false and statement B is true
Both statements are true.
Both statements are false
A light grasp in instrumentation during calculus removal is indicated for:
Instrument insertion and positioning.
Assessment strokes
Root debridement strokes in removal of biofilm.
All of these are correct.
Which of the following instruments designs is least likely to provide good tactile sensitivity?
Moderately flexible shank
Rigid shank
Flexible shank
Elongated shank
Hollow metal handle
All of the following are objectives for using assessment strokes with a curet except one. Which one is the exception?
Determine the surface texture of the root.
Confirm the position of the curet at the base of the pocket.
Rehearse an intended movement prior to activation.
Remove fine calculus subgingivally.
Determine the completion of your scaling in the area.
A) The occlusal surfaces of the pontics are prone to biofilm retention. B) Additionally, the areas beneath the connectors are particularly prone to biofilm retention.
Statement A is true and statement B is false.
Statement A is false and statement B is true.
Both statements are true.
Both statements are false.
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