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Dental hygiene 102

A dental professional is quizzing on local anesthesia techniques and dental hygiene, bright and colorful, with dental tools surrounding a quiz paper.

Dental Hygiene Essentials Quiz

Test your knowledge on dental hygiene and local anesthetics with our engaging quiz designed for dental professionals and students alike. This quiz covers a variety of topics, ensuring you understand the key elements in the field.

Explore questions on anesthetics and their applications.
Improve your knowledge of dental procedures and best practices.
Perfect for both practice and certification preparation.

100 Questions25 MinutesCreated by CaringTooth72

What is the most common topical preparation for lidocaine?

Patch

Spray

Ointment

Solution

What is the available concentration of Oraquix?

5% lidocaine and 5% prilocaine

2.5% lidocaine and 2.5% prilocaine

14% benzocaine, 2% butamben, and 2% tetracaine

20% benzocaine and 5% lidocaine

Sodium chloride is a buffer creating an injectable solution that is isotonic

True

False

Local anesthetic agents with vasocontrictors are generally more acidic than plain formations because of the presence of sodium bisulfite

Both the statement and the reason are correct

Both the statement and the reason are correct but NOT related

The statement is correct, but the reason is NOT

Neither the statement NOR the reason is correct

Which of the following local anesthetics, without a vasoconstrictor, is/are useful in dentistry when the vasoconstrictor is contraindicated?

Prilocaine

Mepivacaine

All options listed

None of the options listed

If more anesthetic is needed for a procedure, it is important to reinject the anesthetic after the mantel fibers have fully recovered

True

False

The rate of systemic absorption of local anesthetics depends on the total dose, concentration, route of administration, vascularity of tissues, and presence or absence of a vasoconstrictor

Tue

False

What is another name for axons?

Core bundles

Mantle bundles

Nerve fibers

All options listed

What is the name of a common ester topical anesthetic?

Lidocaine

Dyclonine hydrochloride

Prilocaine 2.5%

Benzocaine

Prilocaine is the generic name for which of the following?

Citanest

Marcaine

Carbocaine

Xylocaine, alphacaine, octacaine

Undesirable side effects of incorporating sympathomimetic agents such as epineprine into local anesthetic solutions include

Increased force of air exchange

Increased bronchi dilation

Increased rate and force of heart contractions

All options listed

The higher the pKa of an anesthetic, the faster the onset of action

True

False

Among local anesthetics procaine has the highest percentage of protein binding and is the most lipid soluble

True

False

Which receptors relax bronchial smooth muscles, causing the bronchi of the lungs to dilate

Alpa 1 receptors

Beta 1 receptors

Beta 2 receptors

Alpha and beta receptors are equal

Which anesthetic drug has a short half-life of approximately 27 minutes and is the least toxic of the anesthetics?

Articaine

Lidocaine

Mepivacaine

Prilocaine

The over-the-counter product Anbesol with benzocaine can be safely used by all family members

True

False

Which part of the chemical structure of a local anesthetic determines the pattern of biotransformation of the anesthetic

Lipophilic part

Hydrophilic part

Intermediate chain

All options listed

What is the solution that was added to the cartridge of local anesthetic to prevent bacterial growth

Vasoconstrictor preservative

Sodium hydroxide

Sodium chloride

Methylparabem

Adding vasoconstrictor to local anesthetics can result in reduced systemic toxicity and increased duration of anesthetic because the vasoconstrictor reduces the rate of absorption

Both the statement and reason are correct and related

Both the statement and reason are correct but NOT related

The statement is correct, but the reason is NOT

The statement is NOT correct, but the reason is correct

A stimulus is an electrical message from one part of the body to another. An impulse is an environmental change in an excitable tissue

Both statements are true

Both statements are false

The first is true, the second is false

The first is false, the second is true

As the action potential moves down the line, its strength decreases as it moves from one neuron to the next. The action potential in myelinated axons does not propagate as waves as in unmyelinated axons

Both statements are true

Both are false

First is true, second is false

First is false, second is true

What is the reason that concentrations of topical anesthetic agents are higher than those of their injectable counterparts?

Topical agents are not natural vasoconstrictors like injectable anesthetic agents

They facilitate high plasma concentrations of topical anesthetic agents

They facilitate diffusion of the topical anesthetic agent through the mucous membranes

With topical anesthetic agents, systemic absorption decreases

What inactivates epinephrine once it is in the bloodstream?

Adrenergic nerves

Liver enzymes

Its excretion into the urine

All options listed

Which of the following is/are true regarding topical anesthetics

Allergic reactions can occur up to 2 days after the anesthetic is given

Benzocaine and tetracaine are both amides, which increases their potential fo causing an allergic reaction

If there were an allergic reaction, it is likely to present immediately at the time of anesthesia

All options listed

The relationship between relative amounts of ions inside and outside the nerve membrane is known as which of the following?

Relative refractory period

Concentration gradient

Action potential

Axolemma

Anesthesia of the lingual nerve requires a separate technique and/or injection

True

False

The Vazirani-Akinosi block is useful when soft tissue structures as the tongue or buccal fat pad persistently obstruct the view of the intraoral landmarks used in the IA block. The mylohyoid nerve is anesthetized during the Vazirani-Akinosi block

Both statements are true

Both statements are false

The first is true; the second is false

The first is false; the second is true

What area should the clinician palpate in order to determine the location of the mental forame?

Directly below the mandibular notch on the ramus of the mandible

Between the mandibular first and second premolars

From the mandibular first molar to the distal surface of the canine

On the lingual and at the apex of the mandibular incisors

What usually causes the discomfort associated with the IA block?

Lingual shock

Injecting slowly

The needle insertion

Gently contacting bone

In most cases, paresthesia occurs due to problematic surgical extraction of impacted molars

True

False

When administering the IA block, what other nerve may inadvertently be anesthetized if bone is not contacted?

PSA

Facial nerve

Lingual nerve

Mandibular neve

When administering the buccal block and the tissue balloons up, the clinician should correct this by deeper penetration of the bevel of the needle

True

False

Both the right nasopalatine nerve and the left nasopalatine nerve are anesthetized by the nasopalatine block. Only one injection is needed for both sides of the palate

Both statemetns are true

Both statements are false

The first is true, the second is false

The first is false, the second is true

Best practices for increasing patient comfort during the administration of maxillary injections include which of the following

The needle should not be moved withing the tissue

The patient's upper lip should not be slightly jiggled for distraction

There is no bony contact of the overlying sensitive periosteum with the needle

All options listed

Which of the following are best practices for the maxillary supraperiosteal injection technique?

The bevel orientation of the needle should be away from the bone

The needle should be inserted parallel with the long axis of the tooth

The needle tip is placed inferior to the apex of the selected tooth

All options listed

Practices to avoid when administering local anesthetic include which of the following

Not using enough for patient comfort and hemostatic control

Overadministering of anesthesi

Administering anesthesia to a large treatment area than can be completed in one visit

All options listed

What is the most common technique error associated with supraperiosteal, ASA, and MSA indejections

Incorrect fulcrum

Incorrect angulation of the syringe barrel and the needle

Incorrect target site and solution deposition

Incorrect aspiration

There is less variation in the anatomy of the mandibular anesthetic landmarks than there is in similar maxillary structures, this making the mandibular injections more routine. Anesthesia in the maxillary arch usually does not require any troubleshooting of failure cases

Both statements are true

Both are false

The first is true; the second is false

The first is false; the second is true

The periodontal ligament injection is administered directly into the periodontium of the tooth, providing pulpal anesthesia along with lingual and buccal mucosa

True

False

When administering the PSA injection, what other nerve may inadvertently be anesthetized?

Infraorbital nerve

Greater palatine nerve

MSA nerve

Mandibular nerve

All of the following are strategies for when the clinician encounters exostosis EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION

Increase retraction

Move the needle injection site more superior

Utilize the palatal injection

Keep needle parallel to the bone

Which injection is commonly used when performing cosmetic dentistry on the maxillary anterior teeth

ASA block

MSA block

AMSA block

Greater palatine block

Best practices for administering the IA block include which of the following

After gently making contact with the bone, withdraw slightly and then begin the deposition of solution

Deposition of solution at the target area will provide the most anesthetic power

Deposit a small amount of the local anesthetic agent as the needle enters the tissue after each aspiration

All options listed

After administering the IA block, which injection should the clinician consider administering if the central incisor fails to achieve pulpal anesthesia

Gow-Gates

Supraperiosteal injection

Mental block

Buccal block

Periodontal ligament injection are utilized when pulpal anesthesia is indicated on a single tooth in the mandibular arch

True

False

What is the most common technique error associated with the infraorbital injection

Incorrect fulcrum

Incorrect angulation of the syringe barrel and the needle

Incorrect target site and solution deposition

Incorrect aspiration

The PSA injection can be useful during maintenance or recare appointments. Many times the maxillary molars are the first teeth involved in periodontal disease

Both statements are true

Both statements are false

The first is true, the second is false

The first is false, the second is true

Administering the PSA block first is a good way to introduce the patient to less discomfort with local anesthesia because the injection does not contact bone and there is relatively small area of soft tissue into which the local anesthetic is deposited

Both the statement and reason are correct and related

Both the statement and reason are correct but NOT related

The statement is correct, the reason is NOT

The statement is NOT correct, but the reason is correct

Which statement describe the P-ASA block

No anesthesia of upper lip and face

Anesthesia for the maxillary anterior teeth of one sextant

3 to 4 minute deposition period

All options listed

What should the clinician do if she accidently positions the anesthetic needle against the periosteum and bony contact is made?

Withdraw the needle and reinsert it farther away from the periosteum

Withdraw the needle and change it because it may be dull

Withdraw the needle, apply more topical anesthetic, and select a different injection to perform firs

Without withdrawing the needle, move the needle slightly, aspirate, and attempt anesthesia again

Best practices to prevent needle breakage include which of the following

Use a long, small-gauge needle

Use good technique

Bend needle for correct angulation

All options listed

The preanesthetic patient assessment is the most important measure the dental hygienist can complete to prevent an allergic reaction. Patients who report they are susceptible to asthma, hay fever, and allergies to foods hace an increased potential to develop and allergic response to medications

Both statements are true

Both statements are false

The first is true, the second is false

The first is false, the second is true

Which of the following is considered a transient complication?

Burning on injection

Nerve damage

Hematome

Anaphylaxis

If the dental hygienist were to administer two different local anesthetics, which MRD would she use?

Use the higher MRD

Use the lower MRD

Use the MRD for the local anesthetic administered in the greatest amount

Subtract the lower MRD from the higher MRD and use the resulting MRD

Cardiovascular signs of toxicity of local anesthetic solution include which of the following

Myocardial depression

Cardiac dysrhythmias

Cardiotoxicity in pregnancy

All options listed

Prior to administering a local anesthetic injection all of the following EXCEPT one will help prevent a local complication? Which one is the exception

Preanesthetic assessment

Effective patient communication

Proper technique according to recommended guideline

The time the anesthetic is administered

Which of the following could be cause for pain during injection?

Dull needle

Barbed needle

Rapid deposition

All options listed

If one has to estimate the amount of local anesthetic solution that was administered from one cartridge, the width of the rubber stopper would represent how much?

2 mL of solution

0.2 mL of solution

0.02mL of solution

Never estimate

Which of the following are preventive measures to decrease the occurrences of soft tissue injury?

Selection of agent with appropiate duration of action

Advise parent/caregiver about possible injury due to biting the lip, tongue, or cheek

Place cotton rolls in vestibule and warning stickers on the patient's head

Advise parent/caregiver to delay meals and hot drinks

All options listed

For what kind of patient should the MRD of local anesthetic agents be decreased

Children

Elderly

Medically compromised

All options listed

When mild toxic overdose reaction occurs the proper treatment would be

Protect patient, monitor vital signs and give oxygen

Place tongue depressor between the teeth, to prevent the patient from biting their tongue, monitor vital signs, and give oxygen

Give Valium 10mg

Give epinephrine IM

Children between the ages of 6 and 9 may receive effective pain control, equivalent to the IA block, from buccal supraperiosteal infiltrations. Some extraction procedures can be accomplished utilizing mandibular supraperiosteal injection

Both statemetns are true

Both statements are false

The first is true, the second is false

The first is false, the second is true

One of the most common adverse reactions to local anesthesia is systemic toxicity. This is typically the result of administering the anesthetic agent over the patient's maximum recommended dose (MRD) or from inadvertent intravascular injections

Both statements are true

Both statements are false

The first is true, the second is false

The first is false, the second is true

What is the formula for calculating how many milligrams of anesthetic solution were administering?

Subtract the MRD from the absolute MRD

Multiply the percent concentration of local anesthetic agent by 10 mg

Multiply the number of cartridges administered by the milligrams of anesthetic in each cartridge

Multiply the milligrams of anesthetic in each cartridge by the patient's weight

Which statement is true about epinephrine or an epinephrine overdose response?

Epinephrine is a relative contraindication when a patient taking non-selective beta-blockers

Epinephrine is contraindicated when a patient who has atypical pseudocholinesterase

During an epinephrine overdose, the patients should be reassured and positioned in a supine position

The optimal dosage concentration for epinephrine is 1:1000 when used as a vasoconstrictor in local anesthetic

All of the following are true of topical anesthetics used in dentistry EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

Lidocaine may contain preservatives such as the parabens that could induce an allergic response

Topical anesthetics are possible allergens

Benzocaine is a commonly used amide topical anesthetic that can contribute to an allergic reaction

Tetracaine can contribute to an allergic response

Which anesthetic/vasoconstrictor combination is most likely to limit the anesthetic drug

Lidocaine 2% 1:50,000 epinephrine

Lidocaine 2% 1:100,000 epinephrine

Mepivacaine 3% 1:20,000 levonordefrin

All options listed

A moderate level of sedation is referred to

Minimal sedation

General sedation

Maximum sedation

Conscious sedation

Recommended treatment of allergic reactions includes which of the following

25 to 50 mg adult dose Benadryl for mild cutaneous reactions

1:1000 epinephrine for more serious reactions

60 mg merhylprednisolone for severe allergic reactions

All options listed

Which of the following best practices will help to prevent infection caused by the administration of local anesthetic

Wipe needle with disinfectant

Store anesthetic cartridges in disinfectant solutions

Sheath needle before and immediately after injection

All options listed

Using the information from the previous questions, how many additional cartridges of 3% mepivacaine can the patient receive?

0 cartridges of 3% mepivacaine; a different local anesthetic should be selected

1.8 additional cartridges of 3% mepivacaine

6.4 additional cartridges of 3% mepivacaine

2.4 additional cartridges of 3% mepivacaine

Which of the following is true regarding the use of mepivacaine 3% plain?

Provides short-acting pulpal anesthesi

Provides similar duration of soft tissue aneshtesia as lidocaine 2% 1:100,000 epinephrine

Makes it easier to reach or exceed MRD than 2% lidocaine 1:100,000 epinephrine

Contains 50% more local anesthetic in a cartridge than 2% lidocaine 1:100,000 epinephrine

All options listed

Which of the following must be documented in the patient's record following the administration of nitrous oxide?

Health history

Vital signs

Oxygen saturation

All options listed

What is the best way to avoid systemic toxicity when administering a local anesthetic solution

Reduce the amount of vasoconstrictor

Inject slowly

Use disposable needles

Aspirate before injection

What is the proper length of time to allow topical anesthetic to remain on the tissue at the injection site?

1 to 2 minutes

2 to 4 minutes

5 to 6 minutes

Until patient reports that he is numb

Restoring a sharp cutting edge is one of the two main objectives to instrument sharpening. What is the other objective?

Maintain the internal angle of the cutting blade at about 90 degrees

Remove metal equally from the face and lateral surface

Preserve the original shape of the instrument

Maintain the angle between the instrument face and stone at 90 degrees

Endosseous implants are made from what material

Ceramic-coated titanium

Gold

Stainless steel

Titanium

A) A variety of antimicrobial agents, have been researched for professional irrigation with varying results; products used include chlorhexidine gluconate and fluoride B) an antimicrobial agent can aid in reducing the numbers of microorganisms to prevent aerosol contamination during instrumentation

Statement A is true and statement B is false

Statement A is false an statement B is true

Both are true

Both are false

An obturator is

Designed to close a congenital opening

Left in place during exposure of radiographic images

Designed to require only professional cleanings

All these are correct

When scaling with a curet, the ideal angulation formed between the instrument face and tooth surface should be

15 degrees

35 degrees

50 degrees

70 degress

Mrs. Carlson is in the process of initial therapy with the RDH. She has completed one quadrant of her nonsurgical periodontal therapy with the RDH. After scaling and root planing are completed, what type of instructions should be provided to Mrs. Carlson

Personalized printed instructions should be provided

Only verbal instructions should be provided

No instructions are needed

Only give instructions when all quadrants are completed

In the dental hygiene care plan, the expected outcome for nonsurgical therapy includes which of the following

Interrupt or arrest the progression of disease

Create an environment that encourages tissue resolution and elimination of inflammation

Educate and motivate the patient

All of these are correct

All of the following interdental implements could be recommended to a patient with implants, except

Synthetic yarn

Folded strip of gauze floss threader

Round wooden toothpicks

Metal ice interdental brush

A hypochlorite solution (household bleach) can be used as a chemical solution for denture immersion. Which of the following is true regarding this solution

Active infredient is a dilute sodium hypochlorite with bleaching properties

Mode of action is to loosen stains and deposits

Solution can corrode metal parts

All of thee are correct

Which of the following best indicates that an instrument is dull?

The instrument grabs the plastic testing stick

Light does not reflect from the cutting edge

Each portion of the cutting edge engages the plastic resting stick uniformly as the blade advances

The cutting edge presents a rounded, shiny surface

Mr. Kennedy has come into the office for his 6-month continuing care appointment. He informs you that he is tired of wearing his partials and he would like to just have the dentist extract the rest of the teeth and make a denture. Upon looking at his radiographs you see that the bone and support is excellent in the remaining teeth. What would you say to Mr. Kennedy in response to his request?

A full denture requires more patient care than natural teeth.

Full dentures have excellent retention.

Full dentures are just as good as natural teeth.

Full dentures require fewer dental visits.

Natural teeth should be retained for as long as possible.

All of the following can be used to remove calculus from the implant surface, except:

Plastic curette.

Titanium curette.

High-power ultrasonic scaler with regular tips.

All of these can be used to remove calculus from the implant surface

A) Power-driven scaling devices convert electrical energy (ultrasonic) or air pressure (sonic) into high-frequency sound waves. B) Sound waves produce rapid mechanical vibrations in the specially designed scaling tips.

The first statement is true and the second statement is false.

The first statement is false and the second statement is true

Both statements are true.

Both statements are false

When sharpening the toe of a curet with a moving stone, all of the following are true, except:

Make the toe parallel with the floor.

Apply the stone to make a 90 degree angle with the toe

Turn the instrument continuously until center of the round end of the blade is reached.

All of these are true statements.

When sharpening curets, the visible angle at which the stone will be placed should be:

55 degrees.

70 degrees.

100 degrees.

110 degrees.

Increased tactile sensitivity can result from all of the following, except:

Using a thinner shank.

Removing fine deposits of calculus.

Doing maintenance of root debridement.

Using the file.

All of the following are consequences for replacing teeth, except:

A missing third molar.

Migration

Overclosure

angular cheilitis

All of the following interdental implements could be recommended to a patient with implants, except:

Synthetic yarn

Folded strip of gauze

Floss threader

Round wooden toothpick

Metal core interdental brush

Which one of the following is not an accurate statement concerning testing instrument sharpness?

Apply the testing stick along the entire cutting edge.

Test for sharpness after one or two strokes.

Use a metal quarter-inch rod, 3 inches long.

When the instrument is sharp, it engages the test stick.

Periodontal debridement includes which of the following therapeutic interventions?

Scaling to remove calculus and all soft deposits

Root planing to eliminate subgingival calculus and smooth the tooth surface

Root debridement to eliminate subgingival biofilm and mineralized deposits

All of these are correct.

A) Bone will resorb when teeth are removed. B) Dental implants preserve surrounding bone through function.

Statement A is true and statement B is false.

Statement A is false and statement B is true

Both statements are true.

Both statements are false

A light grasp in instrumentation during calculus removal is indicated for:

Instrument insertion and positioning.

Assessment strokes

Root debridement strokes in removal of biofilm.

All of these are correct.

Which of the following instruments designs is least likely to provide good tactile sensitivity?

Moderately flexible shank

Rigid shank

Flexible shank

Elongated shank

Hollow metal handle

All of the following are objectives for using assessment strokes with a curet except one. Which one is the exception?

Determine the surface texture of the root.

Confirm the position of the curet at the base of the pocket.

Rehearse an intended movement prior to activation.

Remove fine calculus subgingivally.

Determine the completion of your scaling in the area.

A) The occlusal surfaces of the pontics are prone to biofilm retention. B) Additionally, the areas beneath the connectors are particularly prone to biofilm retention.

Statement A is true and statement B is false.

Statement A is false and statement B is true.

Both statements are true.

Both statements are false.

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