HESI 1

Under which classification of gingival diseases and conditions is puberty-associated gingivitis found?

A patient presents with a short, thick lingual frenum that results in limited tongue movement affecting speech. Which is teh most likely diagnosis of this condition?

When is tooth eruption complete?

When does mixed dentition begin?

What is the number of successional (succedaneous) teeth in the permanent dentition?

The junction of a buccal and lingual triangular ridge is a transverse ridge. The oblique ridge of a molar is a transverse ridge.

Which factor makes aging enamel less susceptible to caries?

Which groove is the most identifying characteristic of a three-cusp mandibular second premolar?

Which is true regarding the height of contour of a tooth?

How many primary and permanent teeth are typically present in an eight-year-old child?

Which describes the junction of two surfaces of a crown?

Which G. V. Black classification involves the proximal surfaces of anterior teeth including the incisal edge or angle?

Which ridge is a unique characteristic of permanent maxillary molars?

Which division of the fifth cranial nerve innervates the temporomandibular joint?

Facial paralysis can result from damage to the motor neurons of which cranial nerve?

Which is the target area for the inferior alveolar nerve block?

Which salivary gland is unencapsulated?

Which type of joint is the temporomandibular joint?

Which peripheral nervous system and subdivision are responsible for a shutdown of salivary gland secretion?

Destroyed enamel cannot reform since the cells that formed it no longer exist. Cavitated enamel can repair itself by the incorporation of calcium and phosphate ions from saliva.

Which bacterium is most important in causing the progression of carious lesions?

Anaerobe bacteria

Which bacterial structure interferes with phagocytosis?

Which bacteria grow best in refrigerated conditions?

Endotoxin is a virulence property of

When comparing viruses to bacteria, viruses

Which is treated with nystatin?

Which is detected in the blood within two months after successful immunization iwth the hepatitis B vaccine?

Which hypersensitivity reaction is an allergy to the natural rubber latex in examination gloves?

Each of the following is an antituberculin agent EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

Which bacterial genus contains species taht causes rheumatic fever, scarlet fever, and pharyngitis?

Which condition warrants antibiotic premedication?

It is noted on teh medical history the patient has mitral valve prolapse, a stent, rheumatic heart disease, and a renal dialysis shunt. For which condition dose the patient require antibiotic premedication?

A patient's prescription has teh abbreviate "qid". How frequently should the medicaiton be taken?

Which schedule of controlled substance is indicated when a prescription states, No refills?

Which vitamin deficiency results from long-term recreational abuse of nitrous oxide?

Each of the following is a calcium blocking agent EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

Which food is a good source of Vitamin K?

Which medication is administered to manage an acute asthma attack?

Lipitor is a/an:

Consuming foods high in retinols will help prevent night blindness because vitamin D helps absorb calcium.

Which meal lacks an excellent source of vitamin C?

Which element is found in proteins and not carbohydrates?

Some of vitamin K requirements are met through the synthesis of

Which vitamin is associated with the deficiency beriberi?

Which is primarily responsible for pharmacologic metabolism?

Which procedure establishes teh most definitive diagnosis for oral cancer?

A 17-year-old presents for third molar evaluation. The panoramic radiograph reveals the apical third of roots #1 and #2 have fused together. Which best defines this anomaly?

A patient's intraoral examination reveals a well-circumscribed, raised lesion along the lateral border of the tongue. The lesion is soft, deep purple and measures approximately 2 mm in diameter. The patient believes it first appeared after accidentally biting the tongue. Which best defines the lesion?

Intraoral lesions may occur with each of the following conditions EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

Which infections disease is NOT caused by thecoxsackievirus?

In which region dose an early symptom of measles appear?

A pregnant woman reports a freely moveable, deep red tissue mass, which extends from teh labial gingiva between maxillary right premolars. The surface of the lesion is ulcerated and bleeds easily. A histologic analysis indicates teh lesion is composed of connective tissue, capillaries and inflammatory cells. Which best defines teh lesion?

A patient's buccal mucosa exhibits tiny white nodules connected by slender raised lines in a lace-like pattern. This finding is a clinical manifestations of:

The parents of a 7 year old are concerned by the development of a soft, blue, vesicle-like swelling on teh gingiva where tooth #8 is expected to erupt. No significant radiographic findings exist other than the partial eruption of tooth #8. Which course of action is recommended?

Which best describes the etiology of pemphigus vulgaris?

The most common tumor of the salivary glands is ranula. A ranula is clinically found on teh floor of the mouth.

During pregnancy, when do most embryonic cleft malformations occur?

Where is chronic atrophic candidiasis most likely found?

Which description best explains the phenomenon of referred pain?

Which results will ensue if a kilovolt peak below 65 is used when exposing radiographs?

Each of the following compounds is used to fluoridate domestic water systems EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

Most dental sealants placed are self cured because this process allows for a longer working time for the operator.

Each of the following patients would benefit from prescription fluoride supplements EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

In addition to bleeding, which other characteristic best describes a mild case of gingivitis?

Each of the following is true concerning professionally applied topical fluoride in a tray EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

Which most effectively identifies plaque biofilm on tooth surfaces?

Mobility is a risk factor for periodontal disease progression. Mobility is measured using bidigital evaluation when teeth are not occluded.

After taking a periapical of tooth #24 using the paralleling technique, the dental hygienist notices the image appears elongated. How would the dental hygienist correct this error?

A patient in her seventh month of pregnancy begins to feel nauseous during the dental prophylaxis. Suddenly, the patient begins to sweat and starts gasping for air. What is the patient experiencing?

Which vaccination does the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) requires employers to offer all personnel at risk of exposure to blood and other potentially infectious materials?

The Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is transmitted through ingestion of foods or water contaminated by an infected person. The Hepatitis A virus (HAV) virus is transmitted through blood, blood products, or body fluids.

Which pathogen is transmitted via inhalation of airborne droplet nuclei?

Each of the following medical emergencies indicates administration of oxygen EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

Which sound results from a bronchospasm that occurs during an asthmatic attack?

Which oral physiotherapy is indicated for a patient with type I embrasures?

The exaggerated inflammatory response of gingival tissues to local irritants that can occur during pregnancy is commonly known as pregnancy gingivitis. This exaggerated response of gingival tissues is due to an increase in the systemic level of the hormone testosterone.

Where on the learning-ladder continuum does a patient recognize a problem and indicate a tentative inclination toward action?

Where on the learning-ladder continuum does a patient institute a new behavior?

Where on the learning ladder is the patient motivated to act on the information provided?

Dental needles are available in three lengths: long, short and ultrashort. The lower the gauge number of the needle, the smaller the diameter of the lumen.

Which is the most common desensitizing agent found in over-the-counter dentifrices?

Pain threshold is the point at which an uncomfortable stimulus is perceived as painful. Pain tolerance is the maximum amount of pain a person can tolerate.

Which preservative ingredient is in local anesthetics?

Which strategy should be implemented for a patient who presents with a sustained blood pressure reading of 160/100 mm Hg with no previous history of hypertension?

Which oral hygiene index includes all teeth in the assessment and is used for plaque visualization and oral hygiene motivation?

Which is classified as an acquired disability?

Which is a developmental disability?

Which should be obtained when physical restraint is recommended for patient safety during a dental procedure?

Which person may give consent when presenting a treatment plan for an incompetent adult?

For elective dental procedures, in which trimester should a pregnant patient be treated?

When developing oral hygiene instruction for an elderly patient, at what age should the educational material be directed?

During a case presentation, which patient visual impairment requires the clinician to be positioned to the patient's side?

Which best describes the principal cause of periodontitis?

Which bony structure is initially destroyed by periodontitis?

The initial examination of a 45-year-old female reveals localized advanced periodontitis. Which is the initial treatment?

Which periodontal disease does NOT benefit from systemic antibiotic treatment?

Which sequence of debridement is recommended for moderate periodontitis (Case type III)?

At which interval of maintenance treatment, in months, does the long-term success of nonsurgical periodontal therapy rely?

An assessment of the patient's dentition reveals the presence of a large amalgam overhang. Radiographic evidence confirms that nearly two-thirds of the interproximal embrasure space is obstructed by amalgam. Which procedure is indicated?

Which is true regarding sutures?

Periodontal dressings are used to stop gingival bleeding after periodontal surgery. Surgical wounds heal more quickly when protected by a periodontal dressing.

Which are side effects of locally administered antibiotics?

Which periodontal probing depth is recorded when the 3 mm mark is just barely covered?

The patient's periodontal evaluation reveals a localized 6 mm probe reading accompanied by 3 mm of recession and 1 mm of mesiolingual mobility. Which figure, in millimeters, represents the clinical attachment loss?

From which approach is the mesial furcation of tooth #3 examined?

Which assesses fremitus?

Each oral finding is within normal limits EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

In which position is the hard and soft palate most visible?

Which is the most common site for intraoral cancer?

Which extraoral projection is used to evaluate skeletal relationships prior to orthodontic treatment?

Which classification does the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) assign a patient with controlled angina pectoris?

The vast majority of disabled individuals earn a middle-class income. The cost of dental treatment is manageable for most patients with disabilities.

Each of the following are signs of moderate apprehension EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

Which defines right and wrong conduct?

Which ethical competency is conflicted when individual autonomy is challenged?

Which is NOT a part of a patient's informed refusal of treatment?

Each of the following is a component of informed consent EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

A plaintiff cannot use the testimony of a specialist to establish the standard of care for a general dentist because the courts require all dentists to properly diagnose disease.

Under the legal theory of respondeat superior, which party is liable for damages to a patient resulting from breach of confidence?

Which is NOT cause for patient dismissal from a dental practice?

Each of the following should be included in a dismissal letter EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION

Each of the following is a concept dental professionals should embrace EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

The dental hygienist speaks privately with the dentist regarding over-prescribing radiographs for a patient. Which ethical responsibility does this acknowledge?

Which communication technique is most beneficial when addressing an ethical concern with the dentist?

The dental hygienist attempts to view the dentist's directive to expose radiographs every six months. Which is evident?

Dental professionals who volunteer their time and services for nonprofit are exempt from liability. Dental professionals who treat family members at no charge are giving a gift that is not subject to malpractice action or damage award.

How long should a minor's records be kept?

Which is the best reason to maintain a separate incident file for documenting irrational or belligerent patient behavior?

The dentist cannot be held liable for acts by employees because the patient must prove the dentist knew the employee was incompetent.

Which is NOT a purpose for accurate chart documentation?

Two-tone disclosing solution is used to assess the patient's overall home-care routine. Violet-blue pigment stains the lingual surfaces of the mandibular premolars, which are tilted lingually towards prominent mandibular tori. All other tooth surfaces are clean and unstained. Which brushing modification will likely produce an improvement?

Which instruction is NOT recommended for maintenance of a partial denture with clasps?

Which toothbrushing method is most effective for cleaning around fixed orthodontic appliances?

A patient in her second trimester of pregnancy experiences severe morning sickness. Which should the patient do immediately after vomiting?

A thorough review of the health history and nutritional analysis indicates the patient is at an elevated risk for developing osteoporosis. Which vitamin deficiency is associated with a loss of mineralized bone tissue?

Which oral finding is indicative of habitual thumbsucking?

Which restorative material provides the greatest compressive strength?

Which polishing method is least damaging to enamel?

Which technique produces the most accurate alginate impression?

Impressions for athletic mouthguards are acquired with removable appliances in place. Athletes should be advised to remove these appliances when participating in sports.

Which patient is the best candidate for aesthetic bleaching?

During sealant placement, which angle, in degrees, provides the greatest retention?

Which sequence of steps correctly prepares a tooth for sealant placement? A Rinse, clean, dry, etch and rinse.

The thin layer of uncured resin which forms on the surface of a newly-cured sealant should be removed with gauze or a cotton roll because this oxygen-inhibited layer is harmful to the patient.

Each of the following can be recommended a fluoride rinse EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

Which instruction supports proper mouth protector (athletic mouthguard) home care?

The operator is cautioned to close his or her eyes when curing materials because direct exposure to the intense blue light may damage the retina.

Chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) is a widely used chemotherapeutic rinse proven effective in reducing plaque and gingivitis. Chlorhexidine gluconate is effective against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.

Which is NOT a local functional factor that contributes to the retention of dental biofilm?

Locally administered antimicrobials placed in a periodontally diseased pocket have proven to produce a positive change in the health of the periodontium. Locally administered antimicrobials are designed to be applied in periodontal pockets 5 mm or greater.

According to the Classification System of the American Academy ofPeriodontology, which classification of periodontal disease is generalized aggressive periodontitis?

Interdental vertical bony defects are typically visible on radiographs. The occurrence of interdental vertical bony defects decreases with age.

Visibility of the tooth root may be an esthetic concern for a patient following periodontal surgery. Exposed root surfaces in the oral cavity may lead to dentinal hypersensitivity and an increased risk for developing root caries.

In relation to disease transmission, which describes an improperly stored toothbrush?

Which statement indicates the dental hygienist is making a dental diagnosis?

Which correctly defines the concept of ionization?

At which locality are x-ray photons created inside the dental x-ray tube?

Increasing the exposure time on the x-ray control panel will have the same affect on the resultant image as increasing which other radiation control?

Which part of the dental tubehead is responsible for removing the longer wavelength x-rays from the beam?