Body system 4

Create an illustration depicting human hormonal interactions and steroid hormone biosynthesis, featuring a vibrant, educational style with diagrams of hormone pathways, glands, and target tissues.

Hormonal Regulation and Biosynthesis Quiz

Test your knowledge about the intricate world of hormonal regulation and steroid hormone biosynthesis with this engaging quiz. Designed for those interested in endocrinology, this quiz presents a series of questions that cover various aspects of hormone functions, synthesis pathways, and physiological effects.

Explore 26 insightful questions.
Improve your understanding of human physiology.
Challenge yourself and gauge your knowledge level.

26 Questions6 MinutesCreated by OptimizingPearl27

Which step in steroid hormone biosynthe- sis occurs in the accessory sex target tissues of the male and is catalyzed by 5α-reductase?

Cholesterol → pregnenolone

Progesterone → 11-deoxycorticosterone

17-Hydroxypregnenolone → dehy- droepiandrosterone

Testosterone → estradiol

Testosterone → dihydrotestosterone

Which of the following pancreatic secre- tions has a receptor with four subunits, two of which have tyrosine kinase activity?

Insulin

Glucagon

Somatostatin

Pancreatic lipase

A 16-year-old, seemingly normal female is diagnosed with androgen insen- sitivity disorder. She has never had a men- strual cycle and is found to have a blind- ending vagina; no uterus, cervix, or ovaries; a 46 XY genotype; and intra- abdominal testes. Her serum testosterone is elevated. Which of the following charac- teristics is caused by lack of androgen receptors?

Which of the following results from the action of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on the renal tubule?

Inhibition of 1α-hydroxylase

Stimulation of Ca2+ reabsorption in the distal tubule

Stimulation of phosphate reabsorption in the proximal tubule

Interaction with receptors on the luminal membrane of the proximal tubular cells

Decreased urinary excretion of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)

A 39-year-old man with untreated dia- betes mellitus type I is brought to the emer- gency room. An injection of insulin would be expected to cause an increase in his

Propylthiouracil can be used to reduce the synthesis of thyroid hormones in hyper- thyroidism because it inhibits oxidation of

Secretion of oxytocin is increased by

Which of the following causes increased aldosterone secretion?

(A) Decreased blood volume

(B) Administration of an inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)

(D) Hypokalemia

The source of estrogen during the sec-ond and third trimesters of pregnancy is the

22. Which step in steroid hormone biosyn- thesis is stimulated by adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)?

(A) Cholesterol → pregnenolone

(B) Progesterone → 11-deoxycorticosterone

17-Hydroxypregnenolone → dehy-droepiandrosterone

(D) Testosterone → estradiol

(E) Testosterone → dihydrotestosterone

Which of the following hormones acts by an inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3)–Ca2+ mechanism of action?

Blood levels of which of the following substances is decreased in Graves’ disease?

Which of the following would be expect- ed in a patient with Graves’ disease?

(A) Cold sensitivity

(B) Weight gain

(D) Decreased cardiac output

(E) Drooping eyelids

(F) Atrophy of the thyroid gland

(G) Increased thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels

(H) Increased triiodothyronine (T3) levels

18. Increased adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secretion would be expected in patients

(A) with chronic adrenocortical insufficien- cy (Addison’s disease)

(B) with primary adrenocortical hyperplasia

(D) with elevated levels of angiotensin II

Which of the following decreases the conversion of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol to 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol?

A 46-year-old woman has hirsutism, hyperglycemia, obesity, muscle wasting, and increased circulating levels of adrenocorti- cotropic hormone (ACTH). The most likely cause of her symptoms is

(A) primary adrenocortical insufficiency (Addison’s disease)

(B) pheochromocytoma

(D) treatment with exogenous glucocorti- coids

(E) hypophysectomy

15. Which step in steroid hormone biosyn- thesis, if inhibited, blocks the production of all androgenic compounds but does not block the production of glucocorticoids?

(A) Cholesterol → pregnenolone

(B) Progesterone → 11-deoxycorticosterone

(D) Testosterone → estradiol

(E) Testosterone → dihydrotestosterone

Which of the following explains the sup- pression of lactation during pregnancy?

(A) Blood prolactin levels are too low for milk production to occur

(B) Human placental lactogen levels are too low for milk production to occur

(D) Blood levels of estrogen and proges- terone are high

(E) The maternal anterior pituitary is sup- pressed

Selective destruction of the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex would produce a deficiency of which hormone?

Which of the following substances is derived from pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC)?

Which of the following functions of the Sertoli cells mediates negative feedback con- trol of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) secretion?

(A) Synthesis of inhibin

(B) Synthesis of testosterone

(D) Maintenance of the blood–testes barrier

Which of the following hormones origi- nates in the anterior pituitary?

A 38-year-old man who has galactorrhea is found to have a prolactinoma. His physi- cian treats him with bromocriptine, which eliminates the galactorrhea. The basis for the therapeutic action of bromocriptine is that it

(A) antagonizes the action of prolactin on the breast

(B) enhances the action of prolactin on the breast

(D) inhibits prolactin release from the hypothalamus

(E) enhances the action of dopamine on the anterior pituitary

Which of the following hormones acts on its target tissues by a steroid hormone mechanism of action?

6. A 41-year-old woman has hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, and decreased urinary phosphate excretion. Injection of parathy- roid hormone (PTH) causes an increase in urinary cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). The most likely diagnosis is

(A) primary hyperparathyroidism

(B) vitamin D intoxication

(D) hypoparathyroidism after thyroid surgery

(E) pseudohypoparathyroidism

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Hormonal Regulation and Biosynthesis Quiz

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