Body system 4
Hormonal Regulation and Biosynthesis Quiz
Test your knowledge about the intricate world of hormonal regulation and steroid hormone biosynthesis with this engaging quiz. Designed for those interested in endocrinology, this quiz presents a series of questions that cover various aspects of hormone fun
- Explore 26 insightful questions.
- Improve your understanding of human physiology.
- Challenge yourself and gauge your knowledge level.
Which step in steroid hormone biosynthe- sis occurs in the accessory sex target tissues of the male and is catalyzed by 5α-reductase?
Cholesterol → pregnenolone
Progesterone → 11-deoxycorticosterone
17-Hydroxypregnenolone → dehy- droepiandrosterone
Testosterone → estradiol
Testosterone → dihydrotestosterone
Which of the following pancreatic secre- tions has a receptor with four subunits, two of which have tyrosine kinase activity?
Insulin
Glucagon
Somatostatin
Pancreatic lipase
A 16-year-old, seemingly normal female is diagnosed with androgen insen- sitivity disorder. She has never had a men- strual cycle and is found to have a blind- ending vagina; no uterus, cervix, or ovaries; a 46 XY genotype; and intra- abdominal testes. Her serum testosterone is elevated. Which of the following charac- teristics is caused by lack of androgen receptors?
46 XY genotype
Testes
Elevated serum testosterone
Lack of uterus and cervix
Lack of menstrual cycles
Which of the following results from the action of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on the renal tubule?
Inhibition of 1α-hydroxylase
Stimulation of Ca2+ reabsorption in the distal tubule
Stimulation of phosphate reabsorption in the proximal tubule
Interaction with receptors on the luminal membrane of the proximal tubular cells
Decreased urinary excretion of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)
A 39-year-old man with untreated dia- betes mellitus type I is brought to the emer- gency room. An injection of insulin would be expected to cause an increase in his
Urine glucose concentration
Blood glucose concentration
Blood K+ concentration
Blood pH
Breathing rate
Propylthiouracil can be used to reduce the synthesis of thyroid hormones in hyper- thyroidism because it inhibits oxidation of
Triiodothyronine (T3)
Thyroxine (T4)
Diiodotyrosine (DIT)
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
Iodide (I–)
Secretion of oxytocin is increased by
(A) milk ejection
(B) dilation of the cervix
(C) increased prolactin levels
(D) increased extracellular fluid (ECF) volume
(E) increased serum osmolarity
Which of the following causes increased aldosterone secretion?
(A) Decreased blood volume
(B) Administration of an inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)
(C) Hyperosmolarity
(D) Hypokalemia
The source of estrogen during the sec-ond and third trimesters of pregnancy is the
Corpus luteum
Maternal ovaries
Fetal ovaries
Placenta
Maternal ovaries and fetal adrenal gland
Maternal adrenal gland and fetal liver
Fetal adrenal gland, fetal liver, and pla-centa
22. Which step in steroid hormone biosyn- thesis is stimulated by adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)?
(A) Cholesterol → pregnenolone
(B) Progesterone → 11-deoxycorticosterone
17-Hydroxypregnenolone → dehy-droepiandrosterone
(D) Testosterone → estradiol
(E) Testosterone → dihydrotestosterone
Which of the following hormones acts by an inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3)–Ca2+ mechanism of action?
(A) 1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol
(B) Progesterone
(C) Insulin
(D) Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
(E) Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
Blood levels of which of the following substances is decreased in Graves’ disease?
(A) Triiodothyronine (T3)
(B) Thyroxine (T4)
(C) Diiodotyrosine (DIT)
(D) Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
(E) Iodide (I–)
Which of the following would be expect- ed in a patient with Graves’ disease?
(A) Cold sensitivity
(B) Weight gain
(C) Decreased O2 consumption
(D) Decreased cardiac output
(E) Drooping eyelids
(F) Atrophy of the thyroid gland
(G) Increased thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels
(H) Increased triiodothyronine (T3) levels
18. Increased adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secretion would be expected in patients
(A) with chronic adrenocortical insufficien- cy (Addison’s disease)
(B) with primary adrenocortical hyperplasia
(C) who are receiving glucocorticoid for immunosuppression after a renal trans- plant
(D) with elevated levels of angiotensin II
Which of the following decreases the conversion of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol to 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol?
(A) A diet low in Ca2+
(B) Hypocalcemia
(C) Hyperparathyroidism
(D) Hypophosphatemia
(E) Chronic renal failure
A 46-year-old woman has hirsutism, hyperglycemia, obesity, muscle wasting, and increased circulating levels of adrenocorti- cotropic hormone (ACTH). The most likely cause of her symptoms is
(A) primary adrenocortical insufficiency (Addison’s disease)
(B) pheochromocytoma
(C) primary overproduction of ACTH (Cushing’s disease)
(D) treatment with exogenous glucocorti- coids
(E) hypophysectomy
15. Which step in steroid hormone biosyn- thesis, if inhibited, blocks the production of all androgenic compounds but does not block the production of glucocorticoids?
(A) Cholesterol → pregnenolone
(B) Progesterone → 11-deoxycorticosterone
(C) 17-Hydroxypregnenolone → dehy- droepiandrosterone
(D) Testosterone → estradiol
(E) Testosterone → dihydrotestosterone
Which of the following explains the sup- pression of lactation during pregnancy?
(A) Blood prolactin levels are too low for milk production to occur
(B) Human placental lactogen levels are too low for milk production to occur
(C) The fetal adrenal gland does not pro- duce sufficient estriol
(D) Blood levels of estrogen and proges- terone are high
(E) The maternal anterior pituitary is sup- pressed
Selective destruction of the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex would produce a deficiency of which hormone?
(A) Aldosterone
(B) Androstenedione
(C) Cortisol
(D) Dehydroepiandrosterone
(E) Testosterone
Which of the following inhibits the secre- tion of growth hormone by the anterior pitu- itary?
(A) Sleep
(B) Stress
Puberty
Somatomedins
Starvation
Hypoglycemia
Which of the following substances is derived from pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC)?
(A) Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
(B) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
(C) Melatonin
(D) Cortisol
(E) Dehydroepiandrosterone
Which of the following functions of the Sertoli cells mediates negative feedback con- trol of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) secretion?
(A) Synthesis of inhibin
(B) Synthesis of testosterone
(C) Aromatization of testosterone
(D) Maintenance of the blood–testes barrier
Which of the following hormones origi- nates in the anterior pituitary?
(A) Dopamine
(B) Growth hormone–releasing hormone (GHRH)
(C) Somatostatin
(D) Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
(E) Thyroid-stimulating hormone ( TSH)
(F) Oxytocin
(G) Testosterone
A 38-year-old man who has galactorrhea is found to have a prolactinoma. His physi- cian treats him with bromocriptine, which eliminates the galactorrhea. The basis for the therapeutic action of bromocriptine is that it
(A) antagonizes the action of prolactin on the breast
(B) enhances the action of prolactin on the breast
(C) inhibits prolactin release from the ante- rior pituitary
(D) inhibits prolactin release from the hypothalamus
(E) enhances the action of dopamine on the anterior pituitary
Which of the following hormones acts on its target tissues by a steroid hormone mechanism of action?
(E) Glucagon
(D) β1 adrenergic agonists
(C) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) on the col- lecting duct
(B) Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
(A) Thyroid hormone
6. A 41-year-old woman has hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, and decreased urinary phosphate excretion. Injection of parathy- roid hormone (PTH) causes an increase in urinary cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). The most likely diagnosis is
(A) primary hyperparathyroidism
(B) vitamin D intoxication
(C) vitamin D deficiency
(D) hypoparathyroidism after thyroid surgery
(E) pseudohypoparathyroidism
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