Dental hygiene

A smear layer of fluoridated toothpaste is advised for an infant and children up to the age of:

A) A first dental visit is recommended at the eruption of the first tooth, and no later than at 6 months of age. B) One of the major reasons for this first visit is to establish a dental home.

Use of fluoride supplementation can begin at:

The safest time for providing dental care to a pregnant patient is during the:

During the third trimester of pregnancy, lying in the supine position can be uncomfortable for the pregnant woman due to the weight of the fetus pressing on circulatory vessels. Patient positioning should be adjusted by doing the following?

The best type of fluoride application for treating white spot lesions on primary teeth is:

A) Children younger than 6 years of age should use mouthrinse. B) Parent/main caregiver of the child may rinse at bedtime with a 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate for 1 week per month to decrease risk of transferring cariogenic bacteria.

White-spot lesions along the cervical areas and on proximal tooth surfaces indicates which of the following?

For fluorosis to develop in primary teeth, excessive fluoride intake occurs:

The microorganism most commonly found in the saliva of children who present with early childhood caries is

Communication with the older adult patient includes all the following, except:

The older population has more of which type of caries than any other age group?

Common oral changes associated with aging include all the following, except:

All of the following are physiologic changes that occur in the musculoskeletal system due to the normal aging process except one. Which one is the exception?

All of the following would be important treatment considerations with Alzheimer patients except one. Which one is the exception?

All of the following are oral manifestations of cleft palate, except:

A child with a cleft palate is at greater risk for all of the following, except:

A) A child with a cleft palate is more likely to have a mental disability. B) A child with a cleft palate is more prone to ear infections.

All of the following are appointment considerations for patients with cleft palate, except:

Paul, who is 8 years old, is a patient who had cleft palate surgery completed at an early age to repair a Class VI cleft. He has malpositioned teeth in the maxillary arch that have contributed to speech problems, poor oral hygiene, and several carious teeth. His parents ask for guidance on what can be done to improve his speech and his smile. Paul cares for his teeth on his own and brushes once a day. He is apprehensive about dental treatment. The first priority to address in providing treatment for Paul is:

Which of the following is not a physical characteristic of fragile X syndrome?

An adult who can conform to a daily routine, do small household tasks, but is likely to be in need of supervised support has what level of intellectual disorder?

Which of the following oral features are frequently associated with Down syndrome?

Intellectual disorder is characterized by which of the following?

The purpose of cognitive-behavioral therapy for people with autism is:

Which of the following is not true of a disability?

A patient who is unable to complete brushing and flossing on his or her own and depends on someone else to attend to his or her oral care would be classified as:

Jim, a 14-year-old patient, presents to the dental office with his mother, complaining of bleeding gums and sensitivity. His mother reports on his medical history that he has muscular dystrophy and has had epilepsy since he was 3. A few years ago, he had to start using a wheelchair. He has difficulty bending his arm at the elbow and has limitations in raising his arms. The dental hygienist notes that Jim has moderate gingival overgrowth and generalized heavy biofilm accumulation. Jim's mother states that she tries to help him brush his teeth, but he still wants to be as independent as possible and does not like to have help. She knows he probably cannot reach his back teeth by himself. She is also concerned that he may have several cavities because he eats a lot of candy when he is with his caregiver before and after school, but he does drink a lot of bottled water each day. The gingival overgrowth indicated may be caused by which of the following medications?

If a patient with a disability has a legal guardian, the legal guardian must:

When doing a sliding board transfer, the seat of the dental chair should be positioned:

Which factor should a hygienist consider when planning dental hygiene care for the patient with multiple sclerosis?

Parkinson's disease:

Which condition requires antibiotic premedication before dental and dental hygiene treatment?

How can osteoarthritis affect the temporomandibular joint?

Another term for cerebrovascular accident is:

Cushing's syndrome:

A thyroid storm:

Which of the following is the master endocrine gland that regulates the output of hormones by other glands?

Diabetes is a disease of metabolism with inadequate production of the hormone insulin. Which endocrine gland is responsible for diabetes?

The absence of spontaneous menstrual periods in a female of reproductive age is:

A1c measures the quantity of the end product of high glucose bound to a(n) __________ molecule.

A) Uncontrolled diabetes contributes to the severity of periodontal infection. B) A periodontal infection can complicate the control of blood glucose levels in diabetics.

Polydipsia is excessive:

Susan Fones is a 34-year-old teacher who comes in every 6 months for her cleaning. She was diagnosed with diabetes as a child and gives herself an insulin shot daily. She is concerned about her bleeding gums and has noticed mobility of her lower anterior teeth. She reports an extremely dry mouth and a burning tongue. She has taken her insulin today at 6:00 a.m. And indicates that its peak action occurs between 2 and 3 hours after the injection. The presence of xerostomia is most likely caused by:

Susan Fones is a 34-year-old teacher who comes in every 6 months for her cleaning. She was diagnosed with diabetes as a child and gives herself an insulin shot daily. She is concerned about her bleeding gums and has noticed mobility of her lower anterior teeth. She reports an extremely dry mouth and a burning tongue. She has taken her insulin today at 6:00 a.m. And indicates that its peak action occurs between 2 and 3 hours after the injection. The patient has what type of diabetes?

A) Patients with uncontrolled glucose levels are at higher risk for periodontal disease. B) Routine dental procedures, including deep scaling procedures, can be completed when the uncontrolled diabetic has received antibiotic premedication.

For the first 6 months after head and neck radiation therapy, recall the patient every __________ as needed for nonsurgical periodontal therapy.

A 55-year-old man with Stage III squamous cell carcinoma of the left retromolar area and left lateral tongue, with metastasis to the left neck, presents for a cleaning appointment prior to his continuing radiation therapy. The radiation field includes the entire neck, mandible, TMJ, and posterior of the maxilla. The examination reveals multiple teeth with cervical caries. The patient has a well-fitting maxillary partial denture, replacing teeth #1 to #5 and #12 to #15. Periodontal involvement includes pocketing ranging from 5 to 7 mm on the maxillary anterior teeth and generalized on the mandibular arch. The plaque level is moderate, with heavy calculus and stain. The patient drinks occasionally and smokes two packages of cigarettes daily. He brushes his teeth twice daily and rinses with Listerine once each day. During assessment of your patient, you notice signs of severe xerostomia. You would expect him to have all of the following other symptoms of radiation therapy, except

Suggestions for the dental hygiene care plan for patients with cancer include all of the following, except:

Dental hygiene treatment should be postponed during chemotherapy treatment when the platelet count is less than:

The type of bone marrow transplant when the tissue comes from one's own body is:

All of the following are systemic side effects of chemotherapy, except:

Which of the following instructions should a dental hygienist give to a patient regarding postsurgical care?

Which of the following is not an objective of dental hygiene care and instruction before oral and maxillofacial surgery?

Mandibular fractures are described by the location and include all of the following, except:

Which of the following is not an objective in planning the diet of a patient with a fractured jaw?

True or False? Maxillary fractures are easier to manage because of the fixation of the associated anatomy.

Which one of the following is not a suggested mouth rinse after surgery?

A seizure is a:

When a seizure occurs, the dental hygienist should:

The antiepileptic drug phenytoin can cause what oral changes?

Bill, a 30-year-old patient, presents to the office for routine dental hygiene therapy. Bill has always reported that he has had seizures. This visit he indicates that he has been having a seizure about once a week. Since his seizures have been happening more frequently, his doctor has put him on phenytoin. The dental hygienist asks Bill about his seizures and he states that he usually notices very strong smells before his seizures. His seizures usually last about 10 seconds, he loses consciousness, and usually his eyelids twitch. He comes out of it quickly and usually does not remember what has happened. During the intraoral exam the dental hygienist notes that the gingiva in the upper anterior interdental area is enlarged and is somewhat fibrotic. Bill says he has noticed it but it is not painful. What determines the severity of phenytoin-induced gingival enlargement?

Bill, a 30-year-old patient, presents to the office for routine dental hygiene therapy. Bill has always reported that he has had seizures. This visit he indicates that he has been having a seizure about once a week. Since his seizures have been happening more frequently, his doctor has put him on phenytoin. The dental hygienist asks Bill about his seizures and he states that he usually notices very strong smells before his seizures. His seizures usually last about 10 seconds, he loses consciousness, and usually his eyelids twitch. He comes out of it quickly and usually does not remember what has happened. During the intraoral exam the dental hygienist notes that the gingiva in the upper anterior interdental area is enlarged and is somewhat fibrotic. Bill says he has noticed it but it is not painful. Gingival hyperplasia is caused by:

A) A partial seizure affects the entire brain at the same time. B) A generalized seizure involves only a part of the brain.

Beth, a 16-year-old teenager, comes into the office complaining of tooth sensitivity. She has not been seen in the office for 3 years. When asked about her medical history she states that she has been diagnosed with an eating disorder and has had a lot of trouble with it over the past few months. Beth is of normal weight and the dental hygienist questions her further about the disorder. She states that she goes through phases of uncontrollable binge eating and then uses laxatives or self-induces vomiting after the binges. She says she thinks she is obese. Upon further assessment the dental hygienist notes that several teeth have been worn down and are very translucent. She also notes that the right parotid gland is swollen. Which surface of teeth most often shows signs of perimylolysis in a patient who has bulimia?

Beth, a 16-year-old teenager, comes into the office complaining of tooth sensitivity. She has not been seen in the office for 3 years. When asked about her medical history she states that she has been diagnosed with an eating disorder and has had a lot of trouble with it over the past few months. Beth is of normal weight and the dental hygienist questions her further about the disorder. She states that she goes through phases of uncontrollable binge eating and then uses laxatives or self-induces vomiting after the binges. She says she thinks she is obese. Upon further assessment the dental hygienist notes that several teeth have been worn down and are very translucent. She also notes that the right parotid gland is swollen. Beth indicates that she is seeing a doctor for her eating disorder. What dental advice should the hygienist give her?

Dental hygiene therapy should be completed at what time for a patient with schizophrenia?

A side effect of antipsychotic medication that causes involuntary mouth and jaw movements is called:

A patient with photosensitivity should be given __________ during dental hygiene therapy.

The major oral problem associated with antidepressive medications is:

The need for higher doses of a drug to achieve the same effects is called:

Snorting of cocaine can result in perforation of the:

Which of the following has the side effect of trismus?

All of the following are oral conditions that can be characteristic of meth abuse, except:

A) Oral candidiasis can be present with substance abuse due to immunosuppression. B) Due to immunosuppression and inadequate nutrition, tissue healing is good.

A) Alcohol abuse is associated with an increased risk of cancer of the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts. B) Alcohol abuse combined with tobacco abuse increases risk for oral cancer.

The dental chair position should be __________ for patients with respiratory disease.

All of the following are considered upper respiratory tract diseases, except:

An infection that is acquired during a long hospital stay is known as:

A) Tuberculosis is an infectious communicable disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. B) A positive Mantoux skin test provides definitive diagnosis of clinically active tuberculosis

Which of the following is not true of oral manifestations of TB?

Mr. Patton presents in your office for a tooth extraction. His dental chart indicates that he has asthma. He uses an albuterol (Ventolin) inhaler four times per day to treat the asthma. Mr. Patton reports that his cardiologist's office has recently prescribed captopril (Capoten) because his blood pressure has been high. The dentist plans on using a local anesthetic containing epinephrine. An oral manifestation from the use of an inhaler is

Which of the following is an example of a genetic cause of a congenital heart defect?

A) The dental patient who is experiencing heart failure is usually unconscious. B) The patient should be placed in a supine position to prepare for initiation of emergency response procedures.

The type of heart disease that arises from restricted blood supply to the myocardium is known as:

A) Coumarin derivatives, such as warfarin (Coumadin), are used in anticoagulant therapy to prevent blood clots. B) Dental patients on Coumadin should have their prothrombin time checked no more than 1 hour before their dental appointment to determine blood clotting time.

All of the following are signs and symptoms of right heart failure, except:

Use of antibiotic prophylaxis is limited to those at highest risk for:

White blood cells comprise approximately __________ of the blood cell values of blood plasma.

Mr. Landis, a 35-year-old white male, presents for dental care. He has Von Willebrand disease and is HIV positive. The patient is concerned with his bleeding gums and increased tooth mobility of his mandibular anterior teeth. The patient presents with ecchymosis on his right forearm and reports his blood test results performed the previous day revealed a platelet count of 110,000/mm. His last dental appointment was over a year ago. Vital signs were within normal limits. Von Willebrand disease is a disorder associated with:

Pernicious anemia is caused by a deficiency of:

The patient with neutropenia can have all of the following signs and symptoms, except:

Secondary polycythemia is also called erythrocytosis, and it refers to a(n):

Bruising, spontaneous intraoral bleeding, and hemarthroses are all classic signs of which blood disorder?

OLP is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the:

Weakness of eye movements with double vision are initial symptoms of __________. If generalized, it involves muscles of the face, mastication, and tongue.

A) The immune system consists of two parts called the acquired and primate immune systems. B) Autoimmune diseases occur when the immune system cells attack parts of the body instead of protecting it.

__________ is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease in which autoantibodies attack healthy cells in the exocrine glands followed by many other organs.

What radiographic findings would you possibly find in a patient with scleroderma?

The immune cells associated with adaptive immunity are called lymphocytes. The two major lymphocytes are: