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Quizzes > Health & Medicine > Human Anatomy & Medicine

Milady Chapter 11: Hair & Scalp Properties Quiz

Ready to test your trichology know-how and anagen insights from Milady Chapter 11? Dive in now!

Difficulty: Moderate
2-5mins
Learning OutcomesCheat Sheet
Paper art illustration for Milady Chapter 11 quiz on hair anatomy, trichology, and growth stages on sky blue background

This Milady Chapter 11: Hair & Scalp Properties quiz helps you practice hair anatomy, growth phases, and scalp disorders, so you can find gaps before the exam. You'll answer quick, clear items on structure, trichology terms, and care. If you want a short review first, visit our trichology basics review and shampoo and conditioning practice.

What is the outermost layer of the hair shaft?
Medulla
Cortex
Papilla
Cuticle
The cuticle is the hair's outermost protective layer made of overlapping scale-like cells that prevent damage.
Which stage of hair growth is known as the active growth phase?
Catagen
Telogen
Anagen
Exogen
Anagen is the active growth phase where cells in the hair bulb divide rapidly.
On average, how many inches does hair grow per month?
0.5 inches
1 inch
2 inches
3 inches
Hair grows about 1/2 inch to 1 inch per month on average, depending on genetics and health.
The diameter and feel of individual hair strands is referred to as hair what?
Porosity
Density
Texture
Elasticity
Hair texture refers to the thickness or diameter of each hair strand and can be fine, medium, or coarse.
Which protein is the primary component of hair?
Melanin
Elastin
Collagen
Keratin
Keratin is the fibrous protein that makes up the hair shaft, providing strength and resilience. Keratin structure and function
Which element is especially important in the formation of strong keratin bonds in hair?
Potassium
Calcium
Iron
Sulfur
Sulfur atoms form disulfide bonds in keratin, which strengthen and stabilize the hair fiber.
What term describes the resting phase of hair growth?
Anagen
Telogen
Catagen
Exogen
Telogen is the resting phase when the hair follicle is dormant before shedding.
What is the medical term for hair loss?
Trichosis
Hypertrichosis
Hirsutism
Alopecia
Alopecia is the general term for hair loss or baldness, with various types based on cause.
Which part of the hair follicle contains the dividing cells that form hair?
Sebaceous gland
Hair papilla
Hair bulb
Arrector pili
The hair bulb houses matrix cells that divide and produce the hair shaft.
What is the term for the inner layer of the hair shaft often absent in fine hair?
Cortex
Medulla
Cuticle
Fibrous sheath
The medulla is the innermost core of the hair shaft and may be missing in very fine or light hair.
What does hair porosity measure?
Cuticle thickness
Hair elasticity
Hair density per square inch
Ability to absorb moisture
Porosity refers to how readily hair absorbs and retains moisture and liquids.
Which term describes the number of individual hairs on a square inch of the scalp?
Texture
Porosity
Elasticity
Density
Hair density is measured as the number of hair strands per square inch on the scalp.
Excessive dryness and flaking of the scalp is commonly called what?
Seborrheic dermatitis
Dandruff
Eczema
Psoriasis
Dandruff is the common term for shedding of dead skin cells from the scalp.
What is the transitional phase of the hair growth cycle?
Catagen
Telogen
Exogen
Anagen
Catagen is a brief transitional phase where hair growth slows and the follicle shrinks.
Which gland associated with the hair follicle secretes oil to condition hair?
Sebaceous gland
Sudoriferous gland
Apocrine gland
Mammary gland
Sebaceous glands produce sebum, an oily substance that conditions the hair and skin. Sebaceous gland function
What is hair elasticity a measure of?
Density under tension
Thickness of the cuticle
Ability to stretch and return
Porosity when wet
Elasticity measures how far hair can stretch when wet and still return to its original length.
What type of hair is fine, short, and found all over the body?
Lanugo hair
Pili multigemini
Vellus hair
Terminal hair
Vellus hair is the fine, unpigmented hair covering most of the body, excluding the scalp and eyebrows.
Which hormone primarily influences male pattern (androgenetic) alopecia?
Dihydrotestosterone (DHT)
Estrogen
Cortisol
Thyroxine
DHT is derived from testosterone and binds to hair follicles, leading to miniaturization in androgenetic alopecia.
High porosity hair cuticles are characterized by what?
Raised cuticle scales
Tightly bound cuticles
Uniform thickness
Smooth, overlapping scales
Raised cuticle scales allow moisture to escape quickly, causing high porosity hair to be dry and prone to damage.
Which pigment in the cortex gives hair its brown or black color?
Eumelanin
Keratin
Carotene
Pheomelanin
Eumelanin produces darker brown and black shades in hair, while pheomelanin yields red and yellow tones.
What hair test measures elasticity by stretching a strand when wet?
Density test
Tensile strength test
Elasticity test
Porosity test
The elasticity test evaluates how far hair can be stretched when wet before breaking.
Which type of melanin is responsible for red hair coloration?
Pheomelanin
Keratin
Eumelanin
Carotene
Pheomelanin imparts red and yellow hues to hair follicles, giving red hair its distinct color. Pheomelanin function
A scalp disorder characterized by ringworm infection is called what?
Tinea capitis
Folliculitis
Seborrheic dermatitis
Psoriasis
Tinea capitis is a fungal (ringworm) infection of the scalp leading to itching and hair loss.
What condition results from repeated swelling and drying of hair by water absorption?
Trichorrhexis nodosa
Monilethrix
Hygral fatigue
Trichoptilosis
Hygral fatigue occurs when hair cuticles are weakened by excessive water absorption and drying cycles.
Which hair disorder is characterized by weak spots or nodes along the hair shaft?
Trichoptilosis
Monilethrix
Poliosis
Trichorrhexis nodosa
Trichorrhexis nodosa presents as nodes and breakage points on the hair shaft caused by physical or chemical damage.
What is androgenetic alopecia more commonly known as in men?
Alopecia areata
Telogen effluvium
Male pattern baldness
Female pattern baldness
Male pattern baldness refers to hair loss in a defined pattern in men due to genetics and DHT sensitivity.
Which scalp condition is characterized by inflamed, oily white flakes and itching?
Tinea capitis
Eczema
Psoriasis
Seborrheic dermatitis
Seborrheic dermatitis causes greasy, white or yellowish scales on the scalp with itching.
What term describes hair that easily snaps and lacks stretch when wet?
Brittle hair
Elastic hair
Coarse hair
Fine hair
Brittle hair lacks elasticity and breaks easily due to damage or low moisture content.
Which melanin type is least present in blonde hair?
Keratin
Melanin A
Eumelanin
Pheomelanin
Blonde hair contains low levels of eumelanin, resulting in lighter hair color.
Approximately how many hairs does a healthy person shed daily?
200 - 300 hairs
10 - 20 hairs
50 - 100 hairs
400 - 500 hairs
A normal daily hair shedding ranges from about 50 to 100 strands.
What is the function of the arrector pili muscle?
Anchors the follicle
Contracts to create goosebumps
Secretes oil
Supplies blood to the bulb
The arrector pili muscle contracts to raise hair, causing goosebumps.
What is ringed hair (pili annulati)?
Brittle nodules
Excessive curl pattern
Hair shaft fractures
Alternating light and dark bands
Pili annulati displays light and dark bands along the hair shaft due to air-filled cavities.
The pilosebaceous unit includes the hair follicle and which structures?
Fibrous sheath and matrix cells
Sebaceous gland and arrector pili muscle
Sudoriferous gland and dermal papilla
Cuticle and cortex
The pilosebaceous unit comprises the hair follicle, sebaceous gland, and arrector pili muscle.
Which topical medication is FDA-approved for treating androgenetic alopecia?
Salicylic acid
Clobetasol
Ketoconazole
Minoxidil
Minoxidil is a vasodilator that promotes hair growth and is approved for androgenetic alopecia.
Which oral medication blocks the conversion of testosterone to DHT?
Spironolactone
Cyproterone acetate
Dutasteride
Finasteride
Finasteride inhibits 5-alpha reductase, reducing DHT levels responsible for follicle miniaturization.
Which scalp infection presents as inflammatory pustules and scarring alopecia?
Tinea capitis
Folliculitis decalvans
Seborrheic dermatitis
Psoriasis
Folliculitis decalvans is a bacterial infection leading to pustules and permanent hair loss.
Hypotrichosis refers to what hair condition?
Coarse hair texture
Excessive hair growth
Sparse hair growth
Abnormal curl pattern
Hypotrichosis is characterized by less than normal amounts of hair growth.
Monilethrix is best described as:
Scaly scalp patches
Beaded appearance of hair shaft
Inflamed follicles
Premature graying
Monilethrix creates nodes giving hair a beaded or necklace appearance under magnification.
Trichoptilosis is the term for which hair issue?
Beaded hair
Split ends
Matted hair
Ringed hair
Trichoptilosis refers to the splitting of hair ends, commonly called split ends.
Which autoimmune disorder causes patchy hair loss in round patches?
Alopecia areata
Telogen effluvium
Trichotillomania
Androgenetic alopecia
Alopecia areata is an autoimmune condition producing round, smooth bald patches.
Anagen effluvium is most commonly caused by what?
Nutritional deficiency
Stress
Chemotherapy
Hormonal changes
Chemotherapy agents interrupt cell division in the anagen phase, causing rapid hair loss.
Telogen effluvium typically presents as:
Scarring alopecia
Follicular pustules
Diffuse shedding
Rapid patchy loss
Telogen effluvium is characterized by increased shedding of hair diffusely across the scalp.
Monilethrix affects hair how?
Causes hair to twist
Triggers inflammation
Induces scarring
Creates beaded shafts
Monilethrix results in periodic narrowing of the hair shaft, giving a beaded look.
Leukotrichia is defined as:
Brittle hair shafts
Premature greying or white hair
Inflamed follicles
Excessive hair growth
Leukotrichia describes a condition where hair becomes white or gray prematurely.
Folliculitis decalvans is characterized by which of the following?
Sebaceous hyperplasia
Ringworm-like scaling
Pustules and scarring alopecia
Autoimmune patchy hair loss
Folliculitis decalvans is a chronic bacterial infection causing pustules and permanent scarring hair loss.
In traction alopecia, what primary structure is damaged by repetitive tension?
Cuticle
Arrector pili muscle
Sebaceous gland
Hair follicle
Chronic tension damages the hair follicle, leading to scarring and permanent hair loss in traction alopecia.
Which diagnostic test is used to confirm telogen effluvium?
Biopsy
Fungal culture
Hair pull test
Blood culture
The hair pull test, where gentle traction removes hairs to gauge shedding, helps confirm telogen effluvium.
A chronic, crusting scalp infection with foul odor often indicates which condition?
Psoriasis
Favus (tinea favosa)
Seborrheic dermatitis
Lichen planopilaris
Favus, a severe form of tinea capitis, produces yellow crusts (scutula) and a characteristic odor.
In cicatricial alopecia, what replaces the destroyed hair follicles?
Keratin plugs
Scar tissue
Fat deposits
New follicles
Cicatricial alopecia involves permanent follicle destruction followed by fibrous scar tissue formation.
Which rare disorder involves inflammation and destruction of sebaceous glands leading to scarring alopecia?
Tinea capitis
Telogen effluvium
Alopecia areata
Frontal fibrosing alopecia
Frontal fibrosing alopecia is a variant of lichen planopilaris targeting sebaceous glands and follicles.
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Study Outcomes

  1. Understand Hair Anatomy -

    Describe the structure of the hair fiber, including the cuticle, cortex, and medulla as outlined in Milady Chapter 11.

  2. Analyze Trichology Concepts -

    Explain what is trichology milady by exploring scalp science, hair growth, and common disorders.

  3. Identify Growth Stages -

    Recognize each phase of the hair growth cycle - anagen, catagen, and telogen - and define what is anagen milady in detail.

  4. Evaluate Hair and Scalp Properties -

    Assess key factors from properties of the hair and scalp chapter 11, such as texture, porosity, and elasticity.

  5. Apply Growth Rate Knowledge -

    Calculate how fast does hair grows milady by reviewing average growth patterns and influencing factors.

  6. Differentiate Scalp Conditions -

    Distinguish between healthy and compromised scalp states to support effective hair care solutions.

Cheat Sheet

  1. Hair Shaft Structure -

    The hair shaft is composed of three layers - cuticle, cortex, and medulla - which each play a crucial role in strength, elasticity, and shine according to properties of the hair and scalp chapter 11. Remember the mnemonic "3 C's of Hair" (Cuticle, Cortex, Core) to recall the layers quickly when reviewing hair anatomy. Research published in the Journal of Cosmetic Science shows that cuticle damage leads to increased porosity and breakage.

  2. Phases of the Hair Growth Cycle -

    The hair growth cycle consists of anagen (growth), catagen (transition), and telogen (rest) phases, each with a specific duration; anagen lasts about 2 - 6 years on the scalp. A simple mnemonic "ACT" (Anagen, Catagen, Telogen) helps recall the order when studying what is anagen milady. Research from the International Journal of Trichology confirms that up to 90% of scalp hairs are in the anagen phase at any time.

  3. Hair Growth Rate -

    On average, scalp hair grows about 0.3 - 0.4 mm per day, translating to roughly 1 - 1.5 cm per month, influenced by genetics, hormones, and nutrition. When clients ask "how fast does hair grows milady," use the simple formula "0.35 mm/day × 30 ≈ 10.5 mm/month" to provide a clear estimate. Data from the American Academy of Dermatology highlights nutritional factors like biotin and iron as key modulators of growth speed.

  4. Scalp Physiology and pH Balance -

    The healthy scalp maintains a slightly acidic pH of around 4.5 - 5.5, which supports lipid barrier function and microbiome balance. Remember "Acid Allies" to recall the scalp's natural acid mantle and why balancing pH prevents common disorders like dandruff and folliculitis. Studies by leading dermatology clinics show that shampoos formulated within this pH range minimize irritation and preserve hair integrity.

  5. Fundamentals of Trichology -

    When students ask "what is trichology milady," explain it's the scientific study of hair and scalp disorders, combining biology, chemistry, and dermatology. As defined in Milady Chapter 11, trichology emphasizes evidence-based approaches and client consultation techniques to identify scalp issues accurately. According to the Institute of Trichologists, a thorough consultation chart and scalp analysis are essential first steps in any treatment plan.

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