Patophys

A stylized representation of cellular inflammation processes, showcasing immune cells, blood vessels, and inflammatory mediators, with a focus on dynamic interactions and the body's defense mechanisms.

Acute Inflammation Quiz

Test your knowledge on the mechanisms and implications of acute inflammation! This comprehensive quiz covers a wide range of topics, including cellular responses, immune system interactions, and the roles of various mediators in inflammation.

Whether you're a student, educator, or simply interested in the subject, this quiz will enhance your understanding of critical physiological processes.

25 engaging questions
Multiple choice answers
Score as you go along!

25 Questions6 MinutesCreated by InquiringCell124

The action of endothelial cells in acute inflammation

Migration to the inflammation site

Relaxation of the intracellular bonds in response to histamine

Adhesion to the mast cell

Expression of certain adhesion molecules

Following elements can be of higher importance in initiation of acute inflammation:

Endothelial cells

Post capillary SMC

Mast cells

Pre - capillary SMC

Macrophages

Can present antigen in MHC class I molecules

Clean the inflammatory site of debris in late phase of acute inflammation

May possess the Fc receptors on their surface helping better recognize and phagocyte opsonized bacteria

Are the main cells of chronic inflammation

Vasoactive reaction in acute inflammation

Is based on pre-capillary smooth muscle contraction

Depends on capillary smooth muscles relaxation

Relies on adrenergic receptors in post-capillary SMC

Is crucial event for exudate production and leukocyte extravasation

Inflammatory processes

Typically have destructive character

Chronic are frequently related to autoimmune processes

May help the immune system recognize the antigen

Were first described in XIX century

Complement activation products have very important functions in inflammation development. One or more of the following combinations reflect the actual possibility

C5b67 - chemotaxis

C5b - activation of mast cell

C3a - chemotaxis

C3b - opsonization of target cell

The most serious long-term consequences of the inflammation are

High fever

Widespread damage in the tissue

Abscess formation

Fibrotic changes

Which of the following sequences acceptably reflect(s) the sequence of events in acute inflammation

Tissue damage > activation of tissue inflammation elements > infiltration with the inflammatory cells > damage repair

Local tissue irritation > neutrophils infiltration > damage repair > down regulation of the defence

Irritating factor > inflammatory mediators > vasoactive reaction > infiltration with the inflammatory cells

Inflammatory stimulus > activation of generalized inflammatory mechanisms > activation of local inflammatory mechanisms > down regulation of the defence mechanisms

In inflammation

Complement C2a components are the common direct activators of the mast cells

Selectins and integrins help the monocyte migrate from blood to the tissue

Neutrophils attract the mast cells with chemokines

Bradykinin can act very similar to histamine in activating the capillary reaction

Complement in inflammation can be activated

On the alternative pathway through direct contact with bacterial glycoproteins

On the classical pathway through contact with fixed immune complexes

Outside of the blood vessels

Inside the blood

APCs can present certain antigens in the context of the following MHC molecules

Class II to Tc cells - intracellular antigens

Class I to Th cells - antigens derived from their content regarded as “self”

Class I to Tc cells - antigens present in their own cytoplasm

Class II to Th cells antigens obtained from phagocytosed matter

Chemotaxis

Depends on the ligand - receptor action

Is crucial for guided movement of leukocytes in the tissue

Relies on diffusion of chemotactic factors in tissue fluids and blood serum

Can be provided by both fixed and soluble chemotactic molecules

Adhesion molecules responsible for certain actions in the capillary are

Selectins for leukocytes rolling

Integrins for leukocytes firm stopping

Selectins for blood cells selection

ICAM-1 for cells diapedesis

IgA deficiency

Is typically a secondary immunodeficiency

Is always asymptomatic

Can be easily cured

Can be a secretory as well as serum immunoglobulin deficiency

Hypersensitivity of

Type I is very seldom

Type II is based on aggreagetd immune complexes deposition

Type III is a consequence of organ - specific action mediated by the antibodies

Type IV is developing very slowly and usually leading

Severe combined immunodeficiency disorder (SCID)

Is typically developing in myeloid lineage

Is a common disease (1:1000 births in Europe)

. Is developing at the early stages of hematopoiesis

Has a course characterized by severe and repeated infections with whole variety of pathogens (bacteria, viruses, fungi)

Abnormal appearance of certain types of infection can suggest existence of the following immunodeficiencies

Of the phagocytic cells - mainly viral

Of the T cells - mainly fungal

Of the complement - mainly bacterial

Of the B cells - bacterial, viral and fungal

Fc(epsilon)RI on the mast

Is a high affinity receptor as compared to Fc(epsilon)RII

Induces histamine release when dimerized 3. Induces histamine release when dimerized

Can be bridged with another Fc(epsilin)RI receptor through the IgE antibodies binding to allergen

Can be found in the tissue fluid in soluble form which blocks the Fc fragments of the IgE antibodies

SLE

Develop as a result of anti-IgG autonomies production

Results from inflammatory processes induced with complement activation by soluble immune complexes

Produces no typical symptoms

Is non-organ specific autoimmune disease

Autoimmune diseases

Are mostly of unknown etiology

Usually lead to destruction of tissue with chronic inflammation

Majority of symptoms in organ non-specific diseases are related to the III type of hypersensitivity

In most cases are related to incomplete positive selection in the thymus and resulting from it cytotoxic reaction with Tc cells

The intestine is the highly important immune organ because:

It can serve as auxiliary production site for leukocytes

All the immune reaction there are very effective defense type

Majority of immunization processes for the benefit of entire organism take place there

Of its well-built lymphatic structures and constant access to rich antigenic load

What Fasano discovered was that:

Infection with Vibrio cholera predisposes to celiac disease

Zonulin receptor can be blocked by zonula occludent toxin

Zonula occludens toxin analogue is produced by gut’s mucosa

Production of zonulin can be triggered by gluten

.Exceptional knowledge coming from discoveries in the field of Celiac disease pathogenesis helped us to learn that:

There is a strong link between the incompetent intestinal epithelium and development of autoimmunities

Gluten is a factor increasing permeability of the gut also in individuals who do not develop Celiac disease

The development of autoimmune reactions need to be propelled by the supply of external stimuli

Zonulin is a necessary link between ingestion of gluten and increased permeability of the gut

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Acute Inflammation Quiz

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