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A detailed illustration of radiation physics concepts, including x-rays, ionization chambers, and medical imaging devices, in a classroom setting with students engaging with the material.

Radiation and Imaging Knowledge Quiz

Test your knowledge on radiation physics and imaging with this engaging quiz designed for students and professionals. The questions cover various aspects of physics related to radiographic techniques and radiation safety.

Multiple-choice questions
Assess your understanding of key concepts
Perfect for exam preparation and certification

100 Questions25 MinutesCreated by CalculatingElectron547

Which type of radiation can produce free radicals associated with biologic injury?

Radiation frequency

Diagnostic x-ray

Ultrasound

Laser radiation

The filament transformer is:

An autotransformer

A step-up transformer

A step-down transformer

Located at high voltage section

If SID is doubled, radiographic density__________.

Not affected

Reduced by half

Reduced by one-fourth

Doubles

Which factor has no influence on response to radiant exposure

Sex

Age

Dose fraction

Occupation

The ionization of gases is the basis of operation of: 1. Ionization chambers 2. Automatic exposure controls 3. Fluoroscopic screens

1 and 2 only

2 and 3 only

1 and 3 only

1, 2 and 3 only

Which type of chart describes what technical factors are safe and unsafe for continuous tube operation?

Tube Rating Chart

Housing Cooling Curves

Heating Curves

Cooling Curves

On which type of generator does the radiographer set neither mA nor mAs?

Thermionic

Single-phase

Three-phase

Falling-load

Which of the following are parts of the anode? 1. Filament 2. Target 3. Rotor

1 and 2 only

1 and 3 only

2 and 3 only

1, 2 and 3

What device would normally generate power for a 20-MeV linear accelerator?

Single-phase generator

Three-phase generator

Magnetron

Klystron

The penetration of the beam in diagnostic x-ray is by the:

Grid

Filament

MAs

KVp

Which of the following are particulate radiations? 1. Alpha 2. Beta 3. Gamma

1 and 2 only

1 and 3 only

1, 2 and 3

2 and 3 only

The unit that measures exposure on air is the:

Roentgen

Rad

Rem

Curie

Which unit is used for personnel monitoring?

Roentgen

Rad

Rem

Curie

1 rad is equal to how many grays?

100

0.1

0.01

The measurement of radiation by scientific means is:

Densitometry

Dosimetrist

Dosimetry

Roentgenometry

Motion blurring is usually caused by too________

High kVp

Long SID

Short SID

Long exposure time

Which personnel monitor provides the best legal record?

Film badge

Pocket dosimeter

Thermoluminescent dosimeter

Ring badge

Since ionization chambers measure the ionization of a gas, they report their units in:

Roentgens

Rad

Rem

Curie

Which type of personnel monitor is most sensitive to heat?

Film badge

Pocket dosimeter

Thermoluminescent dosimeter

Ring badge

A reading of “M” on a radiation dosimetry report indicates:

The badge could not be read

Minimal exposure

Maximum exposure

Mandatory exposure

Which of the following are polyenergetic? 1. X-radiation 2. Gamma radiation 3. Beta radiation

1 and 2 only

1 and 3 only

2 and 3 only

1, 2 and 3

The rate at which energy is deposited in matter describes:

Linear energy transfer

Relative biologic effect

Specific ionization

Quality factor

As Z number increases, the probability of Compton Scatter ______.

Increases

Decreases

Does not change

Increases to the square of the distance

Which of the following measure of patient dose is most often used?

Organ dose

Skin dose

Entrance skin exposure

Depth dose

When electrons strive to fill shells and give off x-rays in the process, it is known as:

Pair production

Photodisintegration

Characteristic cascade

Coherent scatter

Which of the following causes excitation rather than ionization?

Coherent scatter

Compton scatter

Photoelectric effect

Photodisintegration

Which of the following is most likely an outer orbit interaction?

Photoelectric effect

Compton scatter

Coherent scatter

Photodisintegration

Which of the following is the basis for using lead aprons?

Compton scatter

Photoelectric effect

Coherent scatter

Photodisintegration

The law of Bergoine and Tribondeau states that: 1. Stem cells are radiosensitive. 2. Younger cells and tissues are more radiosensitive. 3. A high metabolic rate increases the radiosensitivity of cells.

1 and 2 only

2 and 3 only

1 and 3 only

1, 2 and 3

About 15% of the cell is:

Water

Carbohydrates

Protein

Lipids

Which is NOT true for an exponential process?

Will never reduce the x-ray beam intensity to zero

Applies to shielding attenuation

Is expressed as inverse square law

Applies to radioactive decay

Theories of division delay include: 1. A chemical involved in mitosis is altered. 2. Proteins necessary for mitosis are not yet synthesized. 3. DNA synthesis slows down.

1 and 2 only

1 and 3 only

2 and 3 only

1, 2 and 3

If a one-break effect to a chromosome does not reattach, it is called:

Inversion

Duplication

Terminal deletion

Translocation

Which of the following summarize the characteristics of radiation mutation? 1. Radiation effects are specific. 2. Most mutations are undesirable. 3. Mutagenic effects are probably cumulative.

1 and 2 only

1 and 3 only

2 and 3 only

1, 2 and 3

Cancer cells differ from normal cells in what ways? 1. An increased amount of chromatin. 2. An increased ratio of nuclear material to cytoplasm. 3. A decreased reproductive rate.

1 and 2 only

1 and 3 only

2 and 3 only

1, 2 and 3

Low-LET radiations such as x-radiation and gamma radiation are also known as _______ radiation.

Sparsely ionizing

Highly ionizing

High-RBE

Particulate

Another name for a stochastic effect is the:

Certainty effect

Statistical response

Linear-sigmoid effect

Nonrandom effect

Which of the following are thought to follow a linear dose- response curve? 1. Leukemia 2. Cataractogenesis 3. Genetic damage

1 and 2 only

1 and 3 only

2 and 3 only

1, 2 and 3

Solid tumors have a minimum latent period of:

1 year

5 years

10 years

20 years

The primary long-term effect of radiation observed in the radium dial painters was:

Lung cancer

Bone cancer

Thyroid cancer

Leukemia

In terms of cancer induction, which of the following are seen as especially radiosensitive? 1. Brain 2. Bone marrow 3. Thyroid

1 and 2 only

2 and 3 only

1 and 3 only

1, 2 and 3

The term that refers to the initial stage of a disease is:

Manifest illness

Prodromal

Development

Latent

After about 5000 rad, the ______ syndrome will occur.

NVD

Hematologic

Gastrointestinal

Central nervous system

The dose for temporary sterility in either sex is:

10 rad

100 rad

200 rad

400 rad

Erythema is dependent on which of the following factors? 1. Size of field irradiated 2. Dose rate 3. Individual radiosensitivity

1 and 2 only

2 and 3 only

1 and 3 only

1, 2 and 3

Which of the following are considered to be relatively radiosensitive? 1. Spermatogonia 2. Erythrocytes 3. Lymphocytes

1 and 3 only

1 and 2 only

2 and 3 only

1, 2 and 3

The ovaries:

Are very radiosensitive throughout life.

Are not very radiosensitive.

Are very radiosensitive in early life, decline in radiosensitivity until age 30, and then increase in radiosensitivity.

Are not very radiosensitive early life, increase in radiosensitivity until age 30, and then decrease in radiosensitivity.

Skin effects follow a ________ dose-response relationship.

Linear, nonthreshold

Linear, threshold

Nonlinear, threshold

Nonlinear, nonthreshold

The preferred methods of expressing the risk of cancer induction from radiation exposure are: 1. Absolute risk 2. Excess risk 3. Relative risk

1 and 2 only

1 and 3 only

2 and 3 only

1, 2 and 3

The malignancy with the shortest latent period is:

Bone cancer

Breast cancer

Leukemia

Thyroid cancer

Which of the following types of cancer induced by radiation appears to have a threshold?

Leukemia

Skin cancer

Lung cancer

Thyroid cancer

The threshold for Cataractogenesis appears to be:

25 rad

100 rad

200 rad

1000 rad

Which of the following is the correct order of development? 1. Fetal stage 2. Preimplantation 3. Organogenesis

2, 3, 1

3, 2, 1

1, 2, 3

D. 3, 1, 2

The LD50 is similar to that of an adult:

In the preimplantation stage

In organogenesis

In the fetal stage

Not until death

Growth disorders would most likely occur following which conceptual days?

Which of the following organizations provide reports and recommendations? 1. UNSCEAR 2. ICRP 3. NRC

1 and 2 only

1 and 3 only

2 and 3 only

1, 2 and 3

The organization that regulates the design and manufacture of x-ray equipment is:

ICRP

NRC

FDA

OSHA

An area where the radiation level could reach 60 mrem/hr would be classified as a:

Radiation area

High radiation area

Very high radiation area

Dangerous radiation area

If holding a patient, any area of the body struck by the beam must be covered with _______ mm of lead equivalent.

0.25

0.5

2.5

A lead apron covers about what percentage of the active bone marrow in the body?

25%

50%

75%

100%

Faster screens allow for the reduction of motion through:

Increased kVp

Smaller focal spot

Smaller exposure times

Larger focal spot

The best means of minimizing exposure during fluoroscopy are: 1. Increased kVp 2. Increased distance 3. Standing behind the operator (radiologist)

1 and 2 only

1 and 3 only

2 and 3 only

1, 2 and 3

If distance is doubled, intensity will be:

Reduced by half

Reduced by four

Increased by two

Increased by four

The second highest intensity to the fluoroscopist is at the level of the:

Gonads

Thyroid

Skull

Clavicles

The most effective means of reducing exposure is:

Time

Distance

Shielding

Wearing a film badge

The minimum amount of lead equivalent required in an apron is:

0.25 mm

0.75 mm

0.5 mm

1 mm

In the case of a pregnant radiographer, it is best to:

Reassign the employee to the file room

Rotate the employee voluntarily out of fluoroscopy and mobile radiography

Terminate the employee

Assign final decisions to the radiation safety officer.

In mobile radiography, the radiographer should: 1. Stand at least 6 feet from the source 2. Stand behind a corner, if possible 3. Use low kVp techniques

1 and 2 only

1 and 3 only

2 and 3 only

1, 2 and 3

If distance from the source is increased from 1.5 to 2 ft, and original exposure was 5 mrem/min, the new exposure will be:

3 mrem/min

1.8 mrem/min

8 mrem/min

14 mrem/min

To reduce intensity from 100 to 50 mrem, with an original distance of 1 ft, distance should change to:

4 ft

2 ft

1.41 ft

0.41 ft

In general, patient dose may be reduced (while maintaining density)through the use of _________ techniques

High-kVp, low-mAs

High-kVp, high mAs

Low-kVp. High mAs

Low-kVp, low-mAs

Which of the following structures would receive the least exposure from an AP abdomen?

Stomach

Small bowel

Liver

Kidney

The basic types of gonadal shields are: 1. Flat contact 2. Shaped contact 3. Shadow

1 and 2 only

1 and 3 only

2 and 3 only

1, 2 and 3

Total filtration is the sum of _________ filtration.

Inherent plus innate

Inherent plus added

Innate plus added

Wedge plus compensated

Most of the density on the image results from:

X-ray

Gamma rays

Light from the screen

Patient thickness

How is voluntary motion best controlled? 1. Limiting exposure time 2. Immobilization 3. High-kVp techniques

1 only

2 only

1 and 2 only

1, 2 and 3

Which of the following is not a radiation protection measure?

High-speed screens

Shielding

Grids

High-kVp techniques

By law, collimation must be accurate to within:

2% of the focal film distance (SID)

5% of the focal film distance (SID)

2% of the beam size

5% of the beam size

All of the following activities will reduce radiation exposure except:

Wearing a ring thermoluminescent dosimeter on the dominant band.

Using syringe shields at all times

Occupying the “hot lab” only when preparing patient dose

Employing immobilization devices to hold patients in position

Which of the following is the best method of immobilizing a patient?

Verbal encouragement

Restraint by another technologist

Taping the patient in position

B and C

Which of the following signs should be posted in an area where radiation levels are less than 2 mrem/hr?

Caution: Radioactive Materials

Caution: Radiation Area

Caution: High Radiation Area

No sign is required

Patients who are having bone imaging performed are instructed to drink fluids and to void frequently to:

Increase bone uptake of the radiopharmaceutical

Prevent visualization of the kidneys on the bone image

Enhance clearance of the tracer from the body

Ensure proper biodistribution of the radiopharmaceutical

Radioiodine is excreted from the body in which of the following body fluids?

Urine

Saliva

Perspiration

All of the above

The maximum dose that can be delivered to a critical structure is known as the:

Tolerance dose

Curability dose

Depth dose

LD50

The determination of the location and extent of the tumor as related to surrounding anatomic landmarks is known as:

Simulation

Localization

Field selection

Verification

Electron beam treatments are used when:

The tumor is deep-seated

The tumor is superficial

When skin reactions could be a problem

A high oxygen enhancement ratio (OER) is desired

Which of the following are advantages of high-energy beams? 1. Greater depth dose 2. Lower skin dose 3. Greater penumbra

1 and 2 only

1 and 3 only

2 and 3 only

1, 2 and 3

Beam-modifying blocks are most often made of:

Lead

Aluminum

Cobalt

Cerrobend

Which of the following are types of implants used in brachytherapy? 1. Interarticular 2. Interstitial 3. Intracavitary

1 and 2 only

1 and 3 only

2 and 3 only

1, 2 and 3

How does a linear accelerator target differ from a diagnostic x- ray target? 1. A linac target produces x-radiation along the same path of travel as electrons. 2. A linac target can generate gamma radiation as well as x- radiation 3. A linac target can be removed to generate an electron beam

1 and 2 only

1 and 3 only

2 and 3 only

1, 2 and 3

Which of the following is not considered a force?

Electrostatic

Weak

Strong

Gravity

Electricity

Which of the following would most likely to be attracted to an anode?

Proton

Neutron

Electron

Positron

Alpha particle

Which quantity is the best measure of power?

Joule

Tesla

Watt

Coulomb

Newton

For electromagnetic radiation, which increases with increasing photon energy?

Wavelength

Frequency

Velocity

Charge

Mass

Which of the following is not a type of x-ray generator?

Single phase

Double phase

Six pulse

Twelve pulse

High frequency

The purpose of x-ray transformers is most likely to change the:

Magnetic field

Electrical voltage

Power level

Waveform frequency

Current intensity

When a secondary coil has 500 more turns than primary coil, the ratio of the secondary voltage to the primary voltage is most likely:

500

250

1/500

1/250

Depends on AC frequency

Adding Aluminum filters to an x-ray beam is most likely to increase x-ray:

Intensity (air kerma)

Air kerma-area product

Maximum energy

Beam hardening

Leakage radiation

The adequacy of the filtration of an x-ray tube is best determined by measuring the:

Tube voltage

Air kerma

Field size

Half-value layer

Leakage radiation

The heel effect most likely increases when reducing the:

Tube voltage

Tube current

Filtration

Anode angle

Field size

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