Transport across cell membranes - AQA A-level Biology
What is the primary function of carbohydrates in living organisms?
Provide energy
Build cell membranes
Store genetic information
Facilitate chemical reactions
What is the function of the nucleus in a cell?
Controls cell activities
Produces energy
Synthesizes proteins
Stores water
What is the main function of cell membranes?
Regulate the movement of substances in and out of the cell
Provide structural support to the cell
Store genetic information
Produce energy for the cell
Which of the following molecules can freely diffuse across the cell membrane?
Oxygen
Water
Glucose
Proteins
Sodium ions
Which of the following organelles is responsible for protein synthesis?
Ribosomes
Golgi apparatus
Mitochondria
Lysosomes
Endoplasmic reticulum
What is the main function of lipids in living organisms?
Store energy
Facilitate cell communication
Provide structural support
Catalyze chemical reactions
What is the main function of the mitochondria in a cell?
Produces energy
Stores genetic information
Breaks down waste materials
Synthesizes lipids
Which of the following processes requires energy to move substances across the cell membrane against their concentration gradient?
Active transport
Passive transport
Facilitated diffusion
Osmosis
Which of the following is NOT a type of passive transport?
Endocytosis
Diffusion
Facilitated diffusion
Osmosis
Which organelle is responsible modifying lipids?
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Nucleus
Golgi apparatus
Lysosomes
Which of the following is a function of proteins in living organisms?
Enzymatic catalysis
Transport of molecules
Cellular communication
Energy storage
Genetic information storage
What is the function of the Golgi apparatus in a cell?
Modifies and packages proteins
Produces energy
Stores genetic information
Synthesizes lipids
Which of the following statements about osmosis is correct?
Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane
Water moves from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration
Osmosis can cause cells to shrink or swell depending on the surrounding solution
Osmosis requires energy expenditure by the cell
Which of the following is NOT a component of the cytoskeleton?
Mitochondria
Microtubules
Intermediate filaments
Microfilaments
Which of the following is not a type of RNA?
Messenger RNA (mRNA)
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
What is the function of ATP in living organisms?
Provide energy for cellular processes
Serve as a structural component of cell membranes
Store genetic information
Facilitate protein synthesis
What is the function of lysosomes in a cell?
Breaks down waste materials
Produces energy
Synthesizes proteins
Stores water
What is the purpose of aquaporins in cell membranes?
Facilitate the rapid movement of water molecules across the cell membrane
Regulate the movement of ions in and out of the cell
Provide structural support to the cell membrane
Store genetic information
Which of the following factors affect the rate of diffusion across a cell membrane?
Concentration gradient
Temperature
Surface area of the cell membrane
Thickness of the cell membrane
Presence of carrier proteins
Which organelle is responsible for photosynthesis in plant cells?
Chloroplasts
Nucleus
Golgi apparatus
Lysosomes
Which of the following is a characteristic of enzymes?
They are catalysts
They lower activation energy
They are consumed in reactions
They are specific to a particular substrate
They are unaffected by temperature and pH
What is the structure of a phospholipid?
Hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail
Hydrophobic head and hydrophilic tail
Hydrophilic head and hydrophilic tail
Hydrophobic head and hydrophobic tail
What is the function of the cell membrane?
Controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell
Produces energy
Synthesizes proteins
Stores water
What happens to a red blood cell when placed in a hypertonic solution?
It shrinks or crenates
It swells and may burst
It remains unchanged
It undergoes endocytosis
Which of the following is an example of active transport in cells?
Sodium-potassium pump
Endocytosis
Exocytosis
Facilitated diffusion
Osmosis
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