Internal history and types of language

Which definition describes etymology?
The analysis of the word classes
The study of the meaning of words
The study of the origin of words
The analysis of syntax
What are cognates and how are cognates detected?
Cognates are pairs of sentences in different languages that can be traced back to the same etymological origin/ cognates can be detected if we find sets of sentences which are systematically similar in terms of meaning and form in two languages
Cognates are pairs of texts in different languages that can be traced back to the same etymological origin/ cognates can be detected if we find sets of texts which are systematically similar in terms of meaning and form in two languages
Cognates are pairs of morphemes in different languages that can be traced back to the same etymological origin/ cognates can be detected if we find sets of morphemes which are systematically similar in terms of meaning and form in two languages
Cognates are pairs of words in different languages that can be traced back to the same etymological origin/ cognates can be detected if we find sets of words which are systematically similar in terms of meaning and form in two languages
Which example shows a phoneme split?
Some phonemes like [b] and [p] got full phoeneme status after Old English
Some phonemes like voiced [v] and [ð] got full phoneme status after Old English
Which examples present ablauts in English?
See-saw-seen
Play-played-playing
Sing-sang-sung
Laugh-laughed-laughing
Which answer serves as an example for front vowels in the Great Vowel Shift?
/huːs/ > /həʊs/ > /haʊs/ > 'house'
/maːk/ > /mɛːk/ > /meːk/ > /meɪk/ > 'make'
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