Physiology(1-60)Dr. Aim sothea
Neuroscience Fundamentals Quiz
Test your knowledge of the fundamental concepts in neuroscience and physiology with our engaging quiz! Designed for students, educators, and enthusiasts alike, this quiz covers a wide range of topics related to the nervous system.
- Explore the structure and fun
ction of neurons - Understand the role of glial cells in the CNS
- Learn about action potentials and synaptic transmission
1. Which of the following descriptions is accurate?
σ� A neuron has a single dendrite, which sends information
σ� A neuron has a single axon, which sends information
σ� A neuron has many axons, which receive information
σ� A neuron has many dendrites, which send information
2. The phagocytic cells in the CNS are:?
σ� astrocytes
σ� microglia
σ� oligodendrocytes
σ� ependymal cells
3. The _____cells provide a means of producing myelin?
σ� astrocyte
σ� microglia
σ� ependymal
σ� oligodendrocyte
4. Which of the following terms describes an accumulation of nerve cell bodies in the PNS?
σ� nucleus
σ� ganglion
σ� gray matter
σ� peripheral nerve
5. The resting potential of a neuron is :?
σ� +30 mv
σ� 0 mv
σ� -70 mv
σ� -90 mv
6. The minimal stimulus needed to cause a neuron to transmit an impulse is called the:?
σ� action potential
σ� resting potential
σ� threshold
σ� refractory period
7. Saltatory conduction occurs when an impulse jumps from:?
σ� axon to dendrite
σ� node to node
σ� dendrite to axon
σ� node of Ranvier to axon
8. A change in a dendrite which lessens the probability of a conduction is:?
σ� Excitatory Post-Synaptic Potentia
σ� Inhibitatory Post-Synaptic Potential
σ� threshold potential
σ� action potential
9. Which of the following does NOT belong with the rest?
σ� summation
σ� facilitation
σ� divergence
σ� convergence
10. Which type of short neuron is found in the retina?
σ� bipolar
σ� unipolar
σ� multipolar
σ� tripolar
11. The following belong together EXCEPT which one?
σ� efferent
σ� multipolar
σ� sensory
σ� motor
12. The following belong together EXCEPT which one?
σ� interneuron
σ� intercalated neuron
σ� association neuron
σ� sensory neuron
13. The PNS is comprised of cranial nerves and:?
σ� motor nerves
σ� sensory nerves
σ� somatic nerves
σ� spinal nerves
14. The cells that produce myelin in the PNS are:?
σ� oligodendrocytes
σ� axons
σ� Schwann
σ� ependymal
15. Diffusion of which of the following ions into the synaptic knob triggers the release of neurotransmitter?
σ� Na+
σ� Ca2+
σ� Cl–
σ� K+
16. Where are neurotransmitter receptors located?
σ� presynaptic membrane
σ� nodes of Ranvier
σ� postsynaptic membrane
σ� synaptic vesicle membranes
17. A common feature of action potentials is that they:?
σ� cause the membrane to hyperpolarize and then depolarize.
σ� can undergo temporal and spatial summation.
σ� are triggered by a depolarization that reaches the threshold.
σ� move at the same speed along all axons.
18. What happens when a resting neuron's membrane depolarizes?
σ� There is a net diffusion of Na+ out of the cell.
σ� The neuron's membrane voltage becomes more positive
σ� The neuron is less likely to generate an action potential.
σ� The cell's inside is more negative than the outside.
σ� Central nervous system (CNS)
19. The membrane closest to the brain is:?
σ� dura mater
σ� pia mater
σ� arachnoid meninx
σ� denticulate ligament
20. An inflammation of the brain coverings is termed:?
σ� Encephalitis
σ� Meningitis
σ� Poliomyelitis
σ� Cerebral palsy
21. The cerebrospinal fluid is produced by the capillaries of the:?
σ� lateral ventricle
σ� arachnoid villi
σ� choroid plexus
σ� dural sinus
22. What is daily amount of CSF in the nervous system at any given time?
σ� 100 mL
σ� 140 mL
σ� 500 mL
σ� 1000 mL
23. Which of the following is NOT a medullary vital center?
σ� blood pressure
σ� cardiac
σ� vasomotor
σ� respiratory
24. What is first component of reflex arch?
σ� Motor neuron
σ� Sensory neuron
σ� Muscle or glance
σ� Interneuron
25. What type of speech does Broca's area control?
σ� Speech production
σ� Speech understanding
σ� Speech hearing
σ� Speech reasoning
26. Sensory speech area in the brain is called:?
σ� Wernicke area
σ� Broca area
σ� Auditory area
σ� Visual area
27. An area of skin innervated by sensory nerves is called:?
σ� dermatome
σ� ventral root
σ� dermal receptor
σ� dorsal root
28. The following are plexus names EXCEPT:?
σ� cervical
σ� thoracic
σ� lumbar
σ� brachiaL
29. Norepinephrine is released from:?
σ� all autonomic nerves
σ� parasympathetic nerves
σ� the vagus nerve
σ� sympathetic nerves
30. The following could occur together effectively EXCEPT:?
σ� increase heart rate
σ� sweating
σ� digestion
σ� pupil dilation
31. A tract is collection of fibers (axon) in?
σ� Central nervous system
σ� Peripheral nervous system
σ� Autonomic nervous system
σ� Somatic nervous system
32. Which of the following carry sensory impulses to the CNS from receptors in muscle or skin?
σ� general somatic efferent fibers
σ� general somatic afferent fibers
σ� general visceral afferent fibers
σ� general visceral efferent fibers
33. Acetylcholine is decomposed by _____almost as fast as it is released.?
σ� monoamine oxidase
σ� MAO inhibitors
σ� norepinephrine
σ� acetylcholinesterase
34. The following belong together EXCEPT which one?
σ� norepinephrine
σ� acetylcholine
σ� epinephrine
σ� adrenalin
35. The primary neurotransmitter from the parasympathetic system that influences its autonomic targets is?
σ� Acetylcholine.
σ� Adenosine.
σ� Norepinephrine.
σ� Nopamine.
σ� Ch21: Water & Electrolytes
36. Where is most water found in the body?
σ� blood plasma
σ� whole blood
σ� tissue spaces
σ� in cells
37. Which of these is relatively high in extracellular fluids?
σ� Potassium
σ� Calcium
σ� Phosphate
σ� Sodium
38. What is the most abundant extracellular cation?
σ� K+
σ� Mg++
σ� Cl-
σ� Na+
39. What is the main force that causes fluid to leave the plasma compartment?
σ� osmosis
σ� hydrostatic
σ� dialysis
σ� filtration
40. What is the greatest regulator of water intake?
σ� kidneys
σ� gastrointestinal system
σ� adequate diet
σ� hypothalamus
41. The greatest amount of body water is lost through: ?
σ� sweating
σ� defecation
σ� urine
σ� breathing
42. Excessive vomiting usually results in the phenomenon of :?
σ� water intoxication
σ� dehydration
σ� edema
σ� hypoproteinemia
43. Which ion is directly related to calcium homeostasis?
σ� Mg++
σ� K+
σ� PO43-
σ� Cl-
44. Which cells are most sensitive to electrolyte changes?
σ� osteoblasts
σ� epithelial
σ� leukocytes
σ� neurons
45. Which is the most abundant intracellular cation?
σ� PO43-
σ� HCO3-
σ� Cl-
σ� K+
46. What will happen when erythrocytes are placed in a hypotonic solution?
σ� will swell
σ� will shrink
σ� will change
σ� will move
47. What minimum amount of body water loss can the osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus detect?
σ� 1%
σ� 5%
σ� 10%
σ� 15%
48. Which hormone control regulation of Calcium?
σ� Calcitonin & PTH
σ� Calcitonin & aldolsteron
σ� Aldosteron & PTH
σ� Aldosteron & renin
49. The supporting cells that form myelin sheaths in the peripheral nervous system are ?
σ� Satellite cells
σ� Schwann cells
σ� Astrocytes
σ� Microglia
50. A collection of neuron cell bodies located outside the CNS is called?
σ� A tract
σ� A nucleus
σ� A nerve
σ� A ganglion
51. Which of these neurons are unipolar?
σ� Sensory neurons
σ� Somatic motor neurons
σ� Neurons in the retina
σ� Automatic motor neurons
52. Depolarization of an axon is produced by?
σ� Inward diffusion of sodium
σ� Active extrusion of potassium
σ� Outward diffusion of potassium
σ� Inward active transport of sodium
53. Repolarization of an axon during an action potential is produced by?
σ� Inward diffusion of sodium
σ� Active extrusion of potassium
σ� Outward diffusion of potassium
σ� Inward active transport of sodium
54. Which of these is not a characteristic of synaptic potentials
σ� They are all or none in amplitude
σ� They decrease in amplitude with distance
σ� They are produced in dendrites and cell bodies
σ� They are graded in the amplitude
55. The summation of EPSPs from numerous presynaptic nerve fibers converging onto one postsynaptic neuron is called?
σ� Spatial summation
σ� Long-term potentiation
σ� Temporal summation
σ� Synaptic plasticity
56. Which of these statements about ACh receptors is false?
σ� Skeletal muscles contain nicotinic ACh receptors
σ� The heart contains muscarinic ACh receptors
σ� Stimulation of ACh receptors produces tachycardia
σ� Autonomic ganglions contains ACh receptors
57. Which of these may be produced by the action of muscarinic receptors in the heart?
σ� Tachycardia
σ� Bradycardia
σ� Broncho-constriction
σ� Mydriasis
58. A neurotransmitter, Norepinephrine is released?
σ� Sympathethic preganglionic fibers
σ� ParaSympathethic preganglionic fibers
σ� Sympathethic postganglionic fibers
σ� Autonomic preganglionic fibers
59. Which cranial nerves are parasympathetic?
σ� CNI, CNIII, CNV, CNIX
σ� CNIII, CNV, CNIX, CNX
σ� CNIII, CNVII, CNIX, CNX
σ� CNV, CNIX, CNX, CNXI
60. Main function of Parasympathetic nervous system is?
σ� Fight or Flight
σ� Rest and Digest
σ� Relax and Flight
σ� Digest and Feed
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