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Gastroenterology

A visually appealing graphic that features a mother breastfeeding her baby, symbols of gastrointestinal health like the stomach or intestines, and images representing celiac disease, set in a soft, calming color palette.

Breastfeeding and Gastroenterology Quiz

Test your knowledge on the important topics of breastfeeding and gastrointestinal health with our detailed quiz. Whether you’re a healthcare professional, a nursing mother, or just someone interested in learning more, this quiz covers essential information.

Key topics include:

Benefits and recommendations for breastfeeding
Conditions affecting breastfeeding mothers
Understanding celiac disease and its implications
Complications and management in gastroenterology

100 Questions25 MinutesCreated by LearningNurse12

Which of these statements is true:

Breastfeeding promotes infections in the baby

Breastfeeding can worsen your baby's digestive system

Breastfeeding makes the mother susceptible to infections

Breastfeeding protects child and mother against obesity, breast cancer, ovarian cancer type II diabetes, regulations of birth spacing

Breastfeeding reduces the risk of the mother developing breast cancer

Breastfeeding is not recommended for mothers who have:

Hepatitis C

Tuberculosis that has been treated

HIV

Hepatitis A

Diabetes

How often does the breastfed baby eat?

20 times a day

3 times a day

Once a day

6 times a day

8 to 12 times a day

The milk made by the body in the first day after birth has a certain name, what is it?

Amylose

Colostrum

Lactose

Acidophilus

None

Which of the most important hormones your body use to made breast milk?

Prolactin

Insulin

Estrogen

Progesterone

Oxytocin

The current recommendation of breast feeding is that :

Exclusive breast-feeding should be continued till 6 months of age followed by supplement with additional foods

Exclusive breast-feeding should be continued till 5 months of age followed by supplement with additional foods

Exclusive breast-feeding should be continued till 4 months of age followed by supplement with additional foods

The baby should be allowed to breast-fed till one year of age

Colostrum is the most suitable food for a newborn baby but it is best avoided in first 2 days

A 35-year-old woman, who is currently breast-feeding her firstborn child, develops an erythematous and inflamed fluctuant area on breast examination. Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning her diagnosis and management?

The most common organism which would expect to be cultured is Staphylococcus aureus

Open surgical drainage is not indicated

Breast-feeding absolutely should be discontinued

If the inflammatory process does completely respond, a biopsy may be indicated

None

Recognize benefit of the breast feeding include all of the following, EXCEPT

Diminished risk of feed allergy in later life

Decreased risk of necrotizing enterocolitis

Lesser risk of hemorrhagic disease of newborn

Lesser risk of viral gastroenteritis during infancy

No answer are correct

Soy protein-based formula is NOT indicated in which of the following indication :

Galactosemia

Hereditary lactase deficiency

Infant whose birth weight < 1800 g

Child whose parents what to avoid any animal product in diet

None

A normal poop for a breastfed baby looks :

Soft and dark green

Yellow and seedy

Solid and brown

Like a clumps and red clay

Black and bad smell

What is the blood test for celiac disease?

Anti-tTG or Ig G test is positive

IgA tissue

Gluten is removed from the diet

If the anti-tTG, IgA or IgG test is positive, then the test can also be used to a person with celiac disease

IgM positive

Which one is the best answer of the definition of celiac disease?

Chronic intestinal disorder, gluten (wheat, barley, rye), enteropathy, malabsorption

Type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)

Is a diarrheal illness caused by infection with a waterborne

Is characterized by villous atrophy

Is unresponsive to any dietary restrictions

Which one is the signed of celiac disease?

Diarrhea, anorexia, pallor, edema, arthralgia

Abdominal pain

Vomiting

Abdominal distension

Cough

The following of associated disease with celiac disease, which one is the most frequently?

Autoimmune disease

Down’s syndrome

Neurological disease

Dermatitis herpetiformis

Rheumatoidarthritis

Prevalence among family members of celiac disease is the most frequent?

Monozygotic twins

HLA-identical siblings

Siblings

First-degree relative

Heterozygotic twins

The diagnostic of celiac disease is

Screening antibody (anti-gluten, EMA, TTA) and small intestinal biopsy

Rectum biopsy

Ultrasound abdominal

Radiography

Blood test

Long term risks of untreated celiac disease, which one is wrong?

Growth retardation

Dental enamel defects

Osteoporosis

Psychiatric disorder, depression

Gastritis

Prevalence of autoimmune disorder increased with increasing age at diagnosis (p= 0, 000001) which one is wrong?

> 20 years

< 2 years

2-10 years

> 10 years

1 – 10 years

What is the treatment of celiac disease?

Eating gluten-free diet

Eating foods with gluten

Daily gluten intake of > 10mg

Taking a multivitamin

Antibiotic

Which one is the prevention of celiac disease?

Increasing duration of breast-feeding, breast feeding at the time of gluten introduction

Vaccination

Introduction of gluten containing cereals

Eating gluten

Eating vegetable

Which one of the following options represents complications of Enteral nutrition?

Osteoporosis and refeeding syndrome

Diarrhea, bloating, and abdominal pain

Esophagitis and pancreatitis

Aspiration and vomiting

Aspiration and Constipation

Which of the following is NOT a complication minor of Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy (PEG)?

Peristome infection

Dislocation, inadvertent removal

Transient ileus

Stomal leakage

Peritonitis

Which one of the following antibiotic prophylaxis before Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy?

Fluroquinolones

Narcotics

Cefazolin

Digoxin

Penicillin

Which of the following is Contraindications Absolute for Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy?

Ascites

Ventriculoperitoneal shut

Peritoneal dialysis

Gastric outlet obstruction

Enterocolitis

All of the following the composition enteral nutrition EXCEPT:

Energy

Carbohydrate

Proteins

Lipids

Lactose

Which of the following values represent the recommended daily intake energy per day?

0,5 – 1 kcal/ml

1 – 1,5 kcal/ml

1 – 2 kcal/ml

1,5 – 2 kcal/ml

2 – 3 kcal/ml

What is the goal for percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy?

For differentiated as major or minor tumors

For surgical intervention

For all cancer patients

For Improving clinical outcome and quality of life

For a large systematic review of patients with head/neck cancer

Which one is not an indication for enteral nutrition?

Disorders of sucking and swallowing

Psychiatric disorders

Chronic inflammatory conditions, immunodeficiency

Short bowel syndrome

Intestinal obstruction

What is/are the location(s) for transnasal tube feedings?

Jejunum.

Duodenum.

Stomach.

Esophagus

Jejunum, Duodenum, Stomach

When is a tube feeding not warranted?

When the person is not in shock

When aggressive nutritional therapy is not appropriate

When the person cannot meet nutritional needs orally

When the person has severe dysphagia

When the person is in shock

Which one is not the answer of the definition of functional constipation (by RomeIII)?

Fever

< 2 defecations/1week

History of excessive stools retention

Presence of large fecal in rectum

History of painful or hard bowel movement

Which one is not the alarm sign of functional constipation

Normal growth

Passage meconium>48h

Ribbon stools,

Bloody stools,

Bilious vomiting

Choose correct answer, the definition of constipation (by NASPGHAN), the difficulty defecation at least than

To diagnose the functional constipation doesn’t routinely support the use of digital examination, unless: (which one is wrong?)

Soft abdomen

Presence of only 1 of the Room III criteria

There are alarm signs

Intractable constipation

All answer are correct

Which pharmacologic treatment should be given for disimpassion?

PEG

Enemas

Lactulose

Milk of magnesia

Mineral oil

We discontinue medical treatment in functional constipation when all symptoms of constipation should be resolved for at least

If PEG is not more effective, which one is preferred for treatment functional constipation?

Lactulose

Milk of magnesia

Mineral oil

Enema

Soy drink

Recommended starting doses of PEG is

0,4 g per day

0,5 g per day

0,6 g per day

0,7 g per day

0,8 g per day

What is the prognosis of functional constipation in children?

10% will be well while taking laxative

20% will be well while taking laxative

30% will be well while taking laxative

40% will be well while taking laxative

50% will be well while taking laxative

The definition of chronic hepatitis. Which one is correct?

>9months

>6months

3 weeks

2 weeks

None

Viral hepatitis, which of the following can result in chronic carrier state?

Hepatitis A

Hepatitis E

Hepatitis B,C

Drug-induce Hepatitis

All answer are correct

A 5 years old boy presented to OPD with jaundice, his mother state that the child has had low grade fever for 4days associated with abdominal pain, anorexia and vomiting. On physical examination, liver enlarged, sclera icterus. What is the most probable diagnosis?

Acute viral hepatitis

Liver abscess

Acute pancreatitis

Appendicitis

None

What is the cause of hepatitis?

Viral

Autoimmune

Metabolic

Alcohol

All answers are correct

In ICU ward, A 12 year’s old girl was brought by an ambulance with in coma and jaundice. Hepatitis A was diagnosed, what others laboratory test should be perform to confirm the severity of Hepatitis?

Transaminase (ASAT, ALAT)

Alkalin phosphatase

Prothrombin time, Factor V and VII

Albumin, Bilirubin

Prothrombin time, Factor V, Factor VII, Albumin and Bilirubin

If the laboratory result shown, Trasaminase (ASAT,ALAT) > GGT in a child with jaundice. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Cholecystitis

Pancreas tumor

Hepatitis

Hepatitis and cholecystitis

Choledoccal cyst

What are the symptoms of hepatitis?

Anorexia

Low grade fever

Nausea

Abdominal Pain

All answers are correct

Which form of hepatitis can be passed on through contaminate food and water?

Hepatitis B

Hepatitis C

Hepatitis D

Hepatitis A and E

All answer are correct

Hepatitis B is transmitted by of the following except

Sexual contact

Orofecal

Parenteral

Perinatal

Blood transfusion

Which of the following of viral hepatitis increase risk of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma?

Hepatitis B and C

Hepatitis A

Hepatitis E

Cytomegalovirus

Adenovirus

A 4 years old boy infected with hepatitis B. The chance of developing chronic hepatitis B is

Less than 10%

None

100%

30%-90%

Depend on viral load

Which of the following is the diagnosis of chronic hepatitis B?

HBs antigen and anti-HBc-IgG positive

HBs antigen and anti-HBc-IgM positive

Anti-HBs-IgG positive

HBs antigen and anti-HBc-IgG positive and Anti-HBs-IgG positive

None

If blood test shown anti-HBs-IgG positive and HBs antigen negative, what does it mean?

Acute hepatitis B

Chronic hepatitis B

The Test is error

Vaccinated hepatitis B

Post hepatitis B infection

The concentration of hepatitis B virus is high in which of the following?

Blood and wound exudates

Feces

Sweat

Breast milk

Urine

A newborn was born to a hepatitis B positive mother, what is the best management for this newborn?

Reassurance (this virus cannot transmit via delivery)

Active immunization

Follow up until the symptom appear

Immediately give passive and active immunization

Give a dose of PEG interferon and entecavir

When to treat hepatitis B in children? All answers below are correct - except

Children aged 2 to <18 years old

Viral load > 104copies/ml

Transaminase >1.3fold of upper limit

Measurable HBV DNA level

No specific treatment

Diagnostic confirmation test of hepatitis C

Anti HCV Elisa

RIBA (recombinant immunoblot assay) and PCR

Albumin

Transaminase

Bilirubin

Is breast feeding should be avoid in mother with Hepatitis C?

Yes, because high HCV concentration in breast milk

Breast feeding is generally safe except some breast disorder

Breast milk can be substitute with Porridge soup

Wait until hepatitis C is cured

None

The defective satellite virus is

Hepatitis A

Hepatitis B

Hepatitis C

Hepatitis D

Hepatitis E

Hepatitis D cannot produce infection without concurrent with.

Hepatitis B infection

Coronavirus infection

Influenza A virus infection

Hepatitis E infection

HIV infection

Hepatitis D prevention

Washing hand

Drink pure and clean water

Vaccinated against Hepatitis B

Avoid unprotected sex

All answer are correct

The hepatitis E is transmit by

Drinking contaminated water

Unprotected sex

Direct contact with animal

Eating raw meat

None

The severity of hepatitis E increase with

Smoker

Obese

Age

Incubation

Diabetes

Which of the following of viral hepatitis do not develop to chronic?

Hepatitis B

Hepatitis D

Hepatitis E

Hepatitis C

None

How to prevent Hepatitis E infection?

Vaccination against hepatitis B

Avoid drinking impure water

Vaccination against hepatitis E

Avoid eating raw beef

All answer are correct

Hepatitis D transmit by

Fecal-oral

Blood and sex contact

Contaminated water

Direct contact with animal

Direct contact with infected person

Hepatitis E is associated with high risk of death in

Infant

Pregnant woman

Adult man

Down syndrome

All answer are correct

What is the treatment of Hepatitis E?

PEG interferon

Lamivudine

Entecavir

Ribavirin

No treatment is need

The following infant colic, which age is the most frequent?

Less than 5months of age

1 year of age

2 years of age

3 years of age

4 years of age

Depend on Weasel’s rule of definition infant colic, which one is correct?

Crying for > 1 hour per day

Crying for > 2 hours per day

Crying for > 3 hours per day

Crying for > 4 hours per day

Crying for > 5 hours per day

Which one is alarm symptoms of infant colic?

Vomiting, change in school habits, irritability or crying all day

Convulsion

Refuse sucking

Lose weight

Headache

What is the occurrence rate of infantile colic?

5% to 10%

10% to 20%

10% to 30%

10% to 40%

20% to 40%

Which one is the best answer of aetiology of infant colic should be?

Gastroesophageal reflux

Gastroesophageal reflux, Motility disorder, feeding mood, protein allergy

Feeding mode

Protein allergy

Motility disorder

The intestinal microflora in breastfed colicky and non-colicky infants, which age is the most common?

1 month of life

2 months of life

3 months of life

4 months of life

5 months of life

Which one is the metabolic production of gas plays a crucial role in infant colic?

CO2

HCO3

The following infant colic, which treatment is correct?

Surgery

Antibiotic

Antirirus

Infant massage, focused counselling, low lactose formula

No treatment

The following infant colic, the prognosis usually self-limiting and resolves by which age?

2 months

3 months

4 months

5 months

6 months

The following of functional groups of microbes in the infant gut, which one is the species specified for lactate utilisation?

E hallii, veillonella, desulfovibrio, propionibacterium

E coli

Helicobacter pylori

Staphylococcus aureus

Streptococcus

Choose the lowest level of normal hemoglobin level in a healthy infant

100

110

120

130

Nutritional anemia often occurs due to lack of

Calcium

Iron

Potassium

Sodium

Vitamin E

Which organ that represent storage Iron pools in the body

Lymph node

Liver

Kidney

Pancreas

All answer are correct

Select the food from which Irons is easier absorbed

Meat

Fruits

Vegetables

Cereals

Milk

Choose the factor that increases the iron absorption from oral iron supplements

Acidity of gastric juice

Activity of salivary amylase

Secretory function of the stomach

Characteristic of iron from oral supplemental preparation

None

Choose the common cause of iron deficiency anemia in early childhood

Chronic disease

Nutritional factor

Chronic bleeding

Iron absorption disorder

Infectious disease

Choose the laboratory result that is not character for iron deficiency

Decreased transferrine saturate

Decreased serum iron level

Decreased serum ferritin level

Decreased MCHC ( Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration) in red blood

Decreased total iron binding capacity

The common type of anemia in children

Sickle cell anemia

Iron deficiency anemia

Thalassemia

Leukemia

None

Indicate the type of anemia that is not microcytic and hypochromic

Iron deficiency anemia

Beta thalassemia major

Beta thalassemia minor

Hemolytic due to insufficiency of glucose-6-phospatdehydrogenas

Anemia of chronic disease

Choose the treatment indicated for children with moderate deficiency anemia

Vegetable

Blood transfusion

Cooked liver

Oral iron supplements

Parenteral iron drugs

Which of the following vitamins are fat soluble?

Vitamin A, Vitamin C, Vitamin D

Vitamin A, Vitamin E, Vitamin C

Vitamin A, Vitamin B, Vitamin E

Vitamin A, Vitamin B, Vitamin C

Vitamin A, Vitamin D, Vitamin E

The active form of vitamin D is:

Calcidiol

Calcitriol

Cholecalciferol

All answers are correct

None

Vitamin D is called :

Tocoperal

Calciferol

Ratinol

Riboflovin

Thiamine

How many main forms of the vitamin D?

Vitamin D (calciferol) is available in

Fish

Eggs

Liver

White mushroom

All answers are correct

The daily vitamin D requirement of a developing infant is

100 IU

400 IU

600IU

1000IU

50IU

Severe vitamin D deficiency:

25 (OH)D < 25 nmol/L

25 (OH)D > 25 nmol/L

25 (OH)D< 50 nmol/L

25 (OH)D< 40 nmol/L

25 (OH)D< 60 nmol/L

Sufficiency of the vitamin D:

25 (OH)D > 50 nmol/L

25 (OH)D < 50 nmol/L

25 (OH)D > 100 nmol/L

25 (OH)D > 150 nmol/L

25 (OH)D > 200 nmol/L

Vitamin D deficiency is the reason for:

Rickets

Anemia

Pellagra

Goiter

Beriberi

50% of the patient of functional constipation will recover without laxative

After 6-12 months

After 1- 2 years

After 3-4 years

After 5-6 years

After 7-8years

The patient of functional constipation will be still symptomatic despite of use laxative

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

The patient of functional constipation will be recover and be without laxative after 10 years

80%

85%

90%

95%

100%

Barum enema and rectal biopsy are recommended if we suspect

Hirschpsrung disease

Functional constipation

Coeliac disease

Congenital hypothyroid

Anal stenosis

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