Gastroenterology
Breastfeeding and Gastroenterology Quiz
Test your knowledge on the important topics of breastfeeding and gastrointestinal health with our detailed quiz. Whether you’re a healthcare professional, a nursing mother, or just someone interested in learning more, this quiz covers essential information.
Key topics include:
- Benefits and recommendations for breastfeeding
- Conditions affecting breastfeeding mothers
- Understanding celiac disease and its implications
- Complications and management in gastroenterology
Which of these statements is true:
Breastfeeding promotes infections in the baby
Breastfeeding can worsen your baby's digestive system
Breastfeeding makes the mother susceptible to infections
Breastfeeding protects child and mother against obesity, breast cancer, ovarian cancer type II diabetes, regulations of birth spacing
Breastfeeding reduces the risk of the mother developing breast cancer
Breastfeeding is not recommended for mothers who have:
Hepatitis C
Tuberculosis that has been treated
HIV
Hepatitis A
Diabetes
How often does the breastfed baby eat?
20 times a day
3 times a day
Once a day
6 times a day
8 to 12 times a day
The milk made by the body in the first day after birth has a certain name, what is it?
Amylose
Colostrum
Lactose
Acidophilus
None
Which of the most important hormones your body use to made breast milk?
Prolactin
Insulin
Estrogen
Progesterone
Oxytocin
The current recommendation of breast feeding is that :
Exclusive breast-feeding should be continued till 6 months of age followed by supplement with additional foods
Exclusive breast-feeding should be continued till 5 months of age followed by supplement with additional foods
Exclusive breast-feeding should be continued till 4 months of age followed by supplement with additional foods
The baby should be allowed to breast-fed till one year of age
Colostrum is the most suitable food for a newborn baby but it is best avoided in first 2 days
A 35-year-old woman, who is currently breast-feeding her firstborn child, develops an erythematous and inflamed fluctuant area on breast examination. Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning her diagnosis and management?
The most common organism which would expect to be cultured is Staphylococcus aureus
Open surgical drainage is not indicated
Breast-feeding absolutely should be discontinued
If the inflammatory process does completely respond, a biopsy may be indicated
None
Recognize benefit of the breast feeding include all of the following, EXCEPT
Diminished risk of feed allergy in later life
Decreased risk of necrotizing enterocolitis
Lesser risk of hemorrhagic disease of newborn
Lesser risk of viral gastroenteritis during infancy
No answer are correct
Soy protein-based formula is NOT indicated in which of the following indication :
Galactosemia
Hereditary lactase deficiency
Infant whose birth weight < 1800 g
Child whose parents what to avoid any animal product in diet
None
A normal poop for a breastfed baby looks :
Soft and dark green
Yellow and seedy
Solid and brown
Like a clumps and red clay
Black and bad smell
What is the blood test for celiac disease?
Anti-tTG or Ig G test is positive
IgA tissue
Gluten is removed from the diet
If the anti-tTG, IgA or IgG test is positive, then the test can also be used to a person with celiac disease
IgM positive
Which one is the best answer of the definition of celiac disease?
Chronic intestinal disorder, gluten (wheat, barley, rye), enteropathy, malabsorption
Type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
Is a diarrheal illness caused by infection with a waterborne
Is characterized by villous atrophy
Is unresponsive to any dietary restrictions
Which one is the signed of celiac disease?
Diarrhea, anorexia, pallor, edema, arthralgia
Abdominal pain
Vomiting
Abdominal distension
Cough
The following of associated disease with celiac disease, which one is the most frequently?
Autoimmune disease
Down’s syndrome
Neurological disease
Dermatitis herpetiformis
Rheumatoidarthritis
Prevalence among family members of celiac disease is the most frequent?
Monozygotic twins
HLA-identical siblings
Siblings
First-degree relative
Heterozygotic twins
The diagnostic of celiac disease is
Screening antibody (anti-gluten, EMA, TTA) and small intestinal biopsy
Rectum biopsy
Ultrasound abdominal
Radiography
Blood test
Long term risks of untreated celiac disease, which one is wrong?
Growth retardation
Dental enamel defects
Osteoporosis
Psychiatric disorder, depression
Gastritis
Prevalence of autoimmune disorder increased with increasing age at diagnosis (p= 0, 000001) which one is wrong?
> 20 years
< 2 years
2-10 years
> 10 years
1 – 10 years
What is the treatment of celiac disease?
Eating gluten-free diet
Eating foods with gluten
Daily gluten intake of > 10mg
Taking a multivitamin
Antibiotic
Which one is the prevention of celiac disease?
Increasing duration of breast-feeding, breast feeding at the time of gluten introduction
Vaccination
Introduction of gluten containing cereals
Eating gluten
Eating vegetable
Which one of the following options represents complications of Enteral nutrition?
Osteoporosis and refeeding syndrome
Diarrhea, bloating, and abdominal pain
Esophagitis and pancreatitis
Aspiration and vomiting
Aspiration and Constipation
Which of the following is NOT a complication minor of Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy (PEG)?
Peristome infection
Dislocation, inadvertent removal
Transient ileus
Stomal leakage
Peritonitis
Which one of the following antibiotic prophylaxis before Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy?
Fluroquinolones
Narcotics
Cefazolin
Digoxin
Penicillin
Which of the following is Contraindications Absolute for Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy?
Ascites
Ventriculoperitoneal shut
Peritoneal dialysis
Gastric outlet obstruction
Enterocolitis
All of the following the composition enteral nutrition EXCEPT:
Energy
Carbohydrate
Proteins
Lipids
Lactose
Which of the following values represent the recommended daily intake energy per day?
0,5 – 1 kcal/ml
1 – 1,5 kcal/ml
1 – 2 kcal/ml
1,5 – 2 kcal/ml
2 – 3 kcal/ml
What is the goal for percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy?
For differentiated as major or minor tumors
For surgical intervention
For all cancer patients
For Improving clinical outcome and quality of life
For a large systematic review of patients with head/neck cancer
Which one is not an indication for enteral nutrition?
Disorders of sucking and swallowing
Psychiatric disorders
Chronic inflammatory conditions, immunodeficiency
Short bowel syndrome
Intestinal obstruction
What is/are the location(s) for transnasal tube feedings?
Jejunum.
Duodenum.
Stomach.
Esophagus
Jejunum, Duodenum, Stomach
When is a tube feeding not warranted?
When the person is not in shock
When aggressive nutritional therapy is not appropriate
When the person cannot meet nutritional needs orally
When the person has severe dysphagia
When the person is in shock
Which one is not the answer of the definition of functional constipation (by RomeIII)?
Fever
< 2 defecations/1week
History of excessive stools retention
Presence of large fecal in rectum
History of painful or hard bowel movement
Which one is not the alarm sign of functional constipation
Normal growth
Passage meconium>48h
Ribbon stools,
Bloody stools,
Bilious vomiting
Choose correct answer, the definition of constipation (by NASPGHAN), the difficulty defecation at least than
2M
3M
4M
5M
6M
To diagnose the functional constipation doesn’t routinely support the use of digital examination, unless: (which one is wrong?)
Soft abdomen
Presence of only 1 of the Room III criteria
There are alarm signs
Intractable constipation
All answer are correct
Which pharmacologic treatment should be given for disimpassion?
PEG
Enemas
Lactulose
Milk of magnesia
Mineral oil
We discontinue medical treatment in functional constipation when all symptoms of constipation should be resolved for at least
1m
2m
3m
4m
5m
If PEG is not more effective, which one is preferred for treatment functional constipation?
Lactulose
Milk of magnesia
Mineral oil
Enema
Soy drink
Recommended starting doses of PEG is
0,4 g per day
0,5 g per day
0,6 g per day
0,7 g per day
0,8 g per day
What is the prognosis of functional constipation in children?
10% will be well while taking laxative
20% will be well while taking laxative
30% will be well while taking laxative
40% will be well while taking laxative
50% will be well while taking laxative
The definition of chronic hepatitis. Which one is correct?
>9months
>6months
3 weeks
2 weeks
None
Viral hepatitis, which of the following can result in chronic carrier state?
Hepatitis A
Hepatitis E
Hepatitis B,C
Drug-induce Hepatitis
All answer are correct
A 5 years old boy presented to OPD with jaundice, his mother state that the child has had low grade fever for 4days associated with abdominal pain, anorexia and vomiting. On physical examination, liver enlarged, sclera icterus. What is the most probable diagnosis?
Acute viral hepatitis
Liver abscess
Acute pancreatitis
Appendicitis
None
What is the cause of hepatitis?
Viral
Autoimmune
Metabolic
Alcohol
All answers are correct
In ICU ward, A 12 year’s old girl was brought by an ambulance with in coma and jaundice. Hepatitis A was diagnosed, what others laboratory test should be perform to confirm the severity of Hepatitis?
Transaminase (ASAT, ALAT)
Alkalin phosphatase
Prothrombin time, Factor V and VII
Albumin, Bilirubin
Prothrombin time, Factor V, Factor VII, Albumin and Bilirubin
If the laboratory result shown, Trasaminase (ASAT,ALAT) > GGT in a child with jaundice. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Cholecystitis
Pancreas tumor
Hepatitis
Hepatitis and cholecystitis
Choledoccal cyst
What are the symptoms of hepatitis?
Anorexia
Low grade fever
Nausea
Abdominal Pain
All answers are correct
Which form of hepatitis can be passed on through contaminate food and water?
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis C
Hepatitis D
Hepatitis A and E
All answer are correct
Hepatitis B is transmitted by of the following except
Sexual contact
Orofecal
Parenteral
Perinatal
Blood transfusion
Which of the following of viral hepatitis increase risk of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma?
Hepatitis B and C
Hepatitis A
Hepatitis E
Cytomegalovirus
Adenovirus
A 4 years old boy infected with hepatitis B. The chance of developing chronic hepatitis B is
Less than 10%
None
100%
30%-90%
Depend on viral load
Which of the following is the diagnosis of chronic hepatitis B?
HBs antigen and anti-HBc-IgG positive
HBs antigen and anti-HBc-IgM positive
Anti-HBs-IgG positive
HBs antigen and anti-HBc-IgG positive and Anti-HBs-IgG positive
None
If blood test shown anti-HBs-IgG positive and HBs antigen negative, what does it mean?
Acute hepatitis B
Chronic hepatitis B
The Test is error
Vaccinated hepatitis B
Post hepatitis B infection
The concentration of hepatitis B virus is high in which of the following?
Blood and wound exudates
Feces
Sweat
Breast milk
Urine
A newborn was born to a hepatitis B positive mother, what is the best management for this newborn?
Reassurance (this virus cannot transmit via delivery)
Active immunization
Follow up until the symptom appear
Immediately give passive and active immunization
Give a dose of PEG interferon and entecavir
When to treat hepatitis B in children? All answers below are correct - except
Children aged 2 to <18 years old
Viral load > 104copies/ml
Transaminase >1.3fold of upper limit
Measurable HBV DNA level
No specific treatment
Diagnostic confirmation test of hepatitis C
Anti HCV Elisa
RIBA (recombinant immunoblot assay) and PCR
Albumin
Transaminase
Bilirubin
Is breast feeding should be avoid in mother with Hepatitis C?
Yes, because high HCV concentration in breast milk
Breast feeding is generally safe except some breast disorder
Breast milk can be substitute with Porridge soup
Wait until hepatitis C is cured
None
The defective satellite virus is
Hepatitis A
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis C
Hepatitis D
Hepatitis E
Hepatitis D cannot produce infection without concurrent with.
Hepatitis B infection
Coronavirus infection
Influenza A virus infection
Hepatitis E infection
HIV infection
Hepatitis D prevention
Washing hand
Drink pure and clean water
Vaccinated against Hepatitis B
Avoid unprotected sex
All answer are correct
The hepatitis E is transmit by
Drinking contaminated water
Unprotected sex
Direct contact with animal
Eating raw meat
None
The severity of hepatitis E increase with
Smoker
Obese
Age
Incubation
Diabetes
Which of the following of viral hepatitis do not develop to chronic?
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis D
Hepatitis E
Hepatitis C
None
How to prevent Hepatitis E infection?
Vaccination against hepatitis B
Avoid drinking impure water
Vaccination against hepatitis E
Avoid eating raw beef
All answer are correct
Hepatitis D transmit by
Fecal-oral
Blood and sex contact
Contaminated water
Direct contact with animal
Direct contact with infected person
Hepatitis E is associated with high risk of death in
Infant
Pregnant woman
Adult man
Down syndrome
All answer are correct
What is the treatment of Hepatitis E?
PEG interferon
Lamivudine
Entecavir
Ribavirin
No treatment is need
The following infant colic, which age is the most frequent?
Less than 5months of age
1 year of age
2 years of age
3 years of age
4 years of age
Depend on Weasel’s rule of definition infant colic, which one is correct?
Crying for > 1 hour per day
Crying for > 2 hours per day
Crying for > 3 hours per day
Crying for > 4 hours per day
Crying for > 5 hours per day
Which one is alarm symptoms of infant colic?
Vomiting, change in school habits, irritability or crying all day
Convulsion
Refuse sucking
Lose weight
Headache
What is the occurrence rate of infantile colic?
5% to 10%
10% to 20%
10% to 30%
10% to 40%
20% to 40%
Which one is the best answer of aetiology of infant colic should be?
Gastroesophageal reflux
Gastroesophageal reflux, Motility disorder, feeding mood, protein allergy
Feeding mode
Protein allergy
Motility disorder
The intestinal microflora in breastfed colicky and non-colicky infants, which age is the most common?
1 month of life
2 months of life
3 months of life
4 months of life
5 months of life
Which one is the metabolic production of gas plays a crucial role in infant colic?
O2
CO2
H2
N
HCO3
The following infant colic, which treatment is correct?
Surgery
Antibiotic
Antirirus
Infant massage, focused counselling, low lactose formula
No treatment
The following infant colic, the prognosis usually self-limiting and resolves by which age?
2 months
3 months
4 months
5 months
6 months
The following of functional groups of microbes in the infant gut, which one is the species specified for lactate utilisation?
E hallii, veillonella, desulfovibrio, propionibacterium
E coli
Helicobacter pylori
Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus
Choose the lowest level of normal hemoglobin level in a healthy infant
90
100
110
120
130
Nutritional anemia often occurs due to lack of
Calcium
Iron
Potassium
Sodium
Vitamin E
Which organ that represent storage Iron pools in the body
Lymph node
Liver
Kidney
Pancreas
All answer are correct
Select the food from which Irons is easier absorbed
Meat
Fruits
Vegetables
Cereals
Milk
Choose the factor that increases the iron absorption from oral iron supplements
Acidity of gastric juice
Activity of salivary amylase
Secretory function of the stomach
Characteristic of iron from oral supplemental preparation
None
Choose the common cause of iron deficiency anemia in early childhood
Chronic disease
Nutritional factor
Chronic bleeding
Iron absorption disorder
Infectious disease
Choose the laboratory result that is not character for iron deficiency
Decreased transferrine saturate
Decreased serum iron level
Decreased serum ferritin level
Decreased MCHC ( Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration) in red blood
Decreased total iron binding capacity
The common type of anemia in children
Sickle cell anemia
Iron deficiency anemia
Thalassemia
Leukemia
None
Indicate the type of anemia that is not microcytic and hypochromic
Iron deficiency anemia
Beta thalassemia major
Beta thalassemia minor
Hemolytic due to insufficiency of glucose-6-phospatdehydrogenas
Anemia of chronic disease
Choose the treatment indicated for children with moderate deficiency anemia
Vegetable
Blood transfusion
Cooked liver
Oral iron supplements
Parenteral iron drugs
Which of the following vitamins are fat soluble?
Vitamin A, Vitamin C, Vitamin D
Vitamin A, Vitamin E, Vitamin C
Vitamin A, Vitamin B, Vitamin E
Vitamin A, Vitamin B, Vitamin C
Vitamin A, Vitamin D, Vitamin E
The active form of vitamin D is:
Calcidiol
Calcitriol
Cholecalciferol
All answers are correct
None
Vitamin D is called :
Tocoperal
Calciferol
Ratinol
Riboflovin
Thiamine
How many main forms of the vitamin D?
02
03
04
06
01
Vitamin D (calciferol) is available in
Fish
Eggs
Liver
White mushroom
All answers are correct
The daily vitamin D requirement of a developing infant is
100 IU
400 IU
600IU
1000IU
50IU
Severe vitamin D deficiency:
25 (OH)D < 25 nmol/L
25 (OH)D > 25 nmol/L
25 (OH)D< 50 nmol/L
25 (OH)D< 40 nmol/L
25 (OH)D< 60 nmol/L
Sufficiency of the vitamin D:
25 (OH)D > 50 nmol/L
25 (OH)D < 50 nmol/L
25 (OH)D > 100 nmol/L
25 (OH)D > 150 nmol/L
25 (OH)D > 200 nmol/L
Vitamin D deficiency is the reason for:
Rickets
Anemia
Pellagra
Goiter
Beriberi
50% of the patient of functional constipation will recover without laxative
After 6-12 months
After 1- 2 years
After 3-4 years
After 5-6 years
After 7-8years
The patient of functional constipation will be still symptomatic despite of use laxative
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
The patient of functional constipation will be recover and be without laxative after 10 years
80%
85%
90%
95%
100%
Barum enema and rectal biopsy are recommended if we suspect
Hirschpsrung disease
Functional constipation
Coeliac disease
Congenital hypothyroid
Anal stenosis
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