OMT 2 22323 (HOC 1, HOC 2 zonder ethical guidelines)
Evidence-Based Psychology Quiz
Test your knowledge with our engaging Evidence-Based Psychology Quiz! This quiz covers essential concepts in psychology, research methods, and the application of evidence-based practices in a straightforward multiple-choice format.
- Enhance your understanding of research methodologies.
- Explore critical psychological concepts.
- Perfect for students and professionals alike.
Evidence based kritisch handelen in de praktijk is een voorbeeld van
Research producer
Research consumer
De meeste psychologen zijn
Research producers
Research consumers
Wat heeft de scare-straight approach voor een effect gehad op jongeren?
Jongeren tonen voor de rest van hun leven geen delequent gedrag meer
Er werd aangetoond dat ze hierdoor een lagere kans hadden om later crimineel gedrag te vertonen in vergelijking met een controlegroep
Er werd aangetoond dat ze hierdoor juist een hogere kans hadden om later crimineel gedrag te vertonen in vergelijking met een controlegroep
Er werd geen opmerkelijk verschil gevonden tussen de testgroep en controlegroep
Wat is de juiste volgorde van de empirische cyclus?
Research design, research questions, hypothese, theorie, data, theorie
Theorie, research questions, research design, hypotheses, data, theorie
Theorie, research design, research questions, hypotheses, data, theorie
Hypothese, research design, research questions, theorie, data, theorie
Karakteristieken van een goede theorie. Welke is het meest cruciaal?
Supported by data
Falsifiable
Replication of results
Parsimonious
What parts of the brain are active when experienced meditators are meditating?
Basic research
Translational research
Applied Research
In a laboratory study, can meditation lessons improve college students' GRE scores?
Basic research
Translational research
Applied Research
Has our school's new meditation program helped students focus longer on their math lessons?
Basic research
Translational research
Applied Research
... Ontstaat wanneer iemands gebrek aan kennis en vaardigheden op een bepaald gebied ertoe leidt dat hij zijn eigen competentie overschat
Het Halo-effect
Het Dunning-Kruger effect
Het Pygmalion-effect
Het Forrer-effect
Wat is de juiste volgorde van de piramide van wetenschappelijke evidentie? (van laagste naar hoogste)
Systematic reviews, meta-analyses, Cochrane Collaboration < Randomized controlled trials < Quasi-experimental with control group < Pre-post designs, non-randomized, observational < Case studies, surveys, anecdotes, qualitative research
Case studies, surveys, anecdotes, qualitative research < Pre-Post Designs, Non-randomized, Observational < Quasi experimental with control group < Randomized controlled trials < systematic reviews, meta analyses, cochrane collaboration
Randomized controlled trials < Systematic reviews, meta-analyses, Cochrane Collaboration < Quasi-experimental with control group < Pre-post designs, non-randomized, observational < Case studies, surveys, anecdotes, qualitative research
Pre-post designs, non-randomized, observational < Quasi-experimental with control group < Case studies, surveys, anecdotes, qualitative research < Randomized controlled trials < Systematic reviews, meta-analyses, Cochrane Collaboration
Constanten zijn het tegenovergestelde van
Data
Variabelen
Participanten
Waarden
A variable is something that [...], meaning that it has at least two [...]
Is constant, variables
Varies, levels or values
Is constant, levels or values
Varies, variables
The name of the concept being studied
Construct, conceptual variable
Conceptual definition
Operational definition, operationalization
A careful, theoretical definition of the construct
Construct, conceptual variable
Conceptual definition
Operational definition, operationalization
How the construct is measured or manipulated in an actual study
Construct, conceptual variable
Conceptual definition
Operational definition, operationalization
(1) Satisfaction with life.
(2) Perseverance (in young children).
These are examples of?
Construct, conceptual variable
Conceptual definition
Operational definition, operationalization
(1) A person's cognitive evaluation of his or her life (Diener et al., 1985).
(2) The ability to push through when confronted with ... obstacles (White et al., 2017).
These are examples of?
Construct, conceptual variable
Conceptual definition
Operational definition, operationalization
(1) Five questionnaire items on the Satisfaction with Life scale, answered on a scale of 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). An example item is: All in all, I am satisfied
with my life
with my life
(2) How long a child will choose to engage in a slow-paced, boring activity that involves pressing a button when they see a picture of cheese on a screen and not pressing it when they see a cat on the screen
These are examples of?
Construct, conceptual variable
Conceptual definition
Operational definition, operationalization
Variable name: Car ownership
Operational definition: Researchers asked people to circle 'I own a car' or 'I do not own a car' on their questionnaire
Levels of this variable: 2 levels: own a car or not
IS THE VARIABLE MEASURED OR MANIPULATED?
Measured
Manipulated
Variable name: Expressing gratitude to romantic partner
Operational definition: Researchers asked people in relationships the extent to which they agree with items such as 'I tell my partner that s/he is the best'
Levels of this variable: 7 levels: from 1 (Strongly disagree) to 7 (Strongly agree)
IS THE VARIABLE MEASURED OR MANIPULATED?
Measured
Manipulated
Variable name: Exposure to disinformation
Operational definition: Researchers assigned participants to hear false information either one or two times
Levels of this variable: 2 levels: hearing the false information once or twice
IS THE VARIABLE MEASURED OR MANIPULATED?
Measured
Manipulated
Variable name: What time children eat diner
Operational definition: Using a daily food diary, researchers had children write down what time they ate dinner each evening
Levels of this variable: Researchers divided children into two groups: those who ate dinner between 2PM and 8PM and those who ate after 8PM
IS THE VARIABLE MEASURED OR MANIPULATED?
Measured
Manipulated
“89% of teenagers are active on social media."
Is an example of?
Frequency claims
Association claims
Causal claims
“Most people who return to work after burning out relapse.”
Is an example of?
Frequency claims
Association claims
Causal claims
“Speech delays could be linked to mobile devices.”
Is an example of?
Frequency claims
Association claims
Causal claims
“Employees that have to deal with aggressive customers are more likely to
experience burnout.”
experience burnout.”
Is an example of?
Frequency claims
Association claims
Causal claims
“Family meals curb eating disorders.”
Is an example of?
Frequency claims
Association claims
Causal claims
“To appear intimidating, just tilt your head down.”
Is an example of?
Frequency claims
Association claims
Causal claims
Frequency claims, like:
“60% of drivers send text messages while driving."
“12% of the voters has a preference for Groen.”
“60% of drivers send text messages while driving."
“12% of the voters has a preference for Groen.”
Are also called?
Correlational research
Experimental research
Diagnostic research
Descriptive research
Association claims, like:
“Introverts are better at recognizing facial expressions”
“Self-control is positively correlated with academic performance”
Are also called?
Correlational research
Experimental research
Diagnostic research
Descriptive research
Causal claims, like:
"Music lessons improve your IQ"
"Stress causes Diabetes type-II"
Are also called?
Correlational research
Experimental research
Diagnostic research
Descriptive research
Different verbs used for associations and causal effects
- Goes together with…
- Has a higher risk…
- Correlates with…
- Predicts…
Are examples of?
Associations
Causal relationships
Different verbs used for associations and causal effects
- Increases…
- Decreases…
- Leads to…
- Changes…
Are examples of?
Associations
Causal relationships
How well the variables in a study are measured or manipulated. The extent to which the operational variables in a study are a good approximation of the conceptual variables.
Construct validity
External validity
Statistical validity
Internal validity
The extent to which the results of a study generalize to some larger population (e.g., whether the results from a sample of teenagers apply to all Belgian teens), as well as to other times or situations (e.g., whether the results based on coffee apply to other types of caffeine).
Construct validity
External validity
Statistical validity
Internal validity
How well the numbers support the claim---that is, how strong the effect is and the precision of the estimate (the confidence interval). Also takes into account whether the study has been replicated.
Construct validity
External validity
Statistical validity
Internal validity
In a relationship between one variable (A) and another (B), the extent to which A, rather than some other variable (C), is responsible for changes in B.
Construct validity
External validity
Statistical validity
Internal validity
"How well has the researcher measured the variable in question?"
Construct validity
External validity
Statistical validity
Internal validity
"What is the confidence interval (margin of error) of the estimate?"
Construct validity
External validity
Statistical validity
Internal validity
"Are there other estimates of the same percentage?"
Construct validity
External validity
Statistical validity
Internal validity
"Frequency claims are not about causality, so internal validity is not relevant"
Construct validity
External validity
Statistical validity
Internal validity
"To what populations, settings, and times can we generalize this estimate?"
Construct validity
External validity
Statistical validity
Internal validity
"How representative is the sample?"
Construct validity
External validity
Statistical validity
Internal validity
"Was it a random sample?"
Construct validity
External validity
Statistical validity
Internal validity
We are often tempted to believe that correlations are a sign of causality
Juist
Fout
Be aware that some variables may correlate, even though there is a causal relationship (i.e., spurious associations)
Juist
Fout
Typically strong internal validity but weak external
validity
validity
Experimental research
Correlational research
Typically weak internal validity but strong(er) external validity
Experimental research
Correlational research
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