Nutrition Final
Nutrition Final Quiz
Welcome to the Nutrition Final Quiz! This quiz is designed to test your knowledge on essential nutrition concepts, dietary guidelines, and their implications on health and wellness.
Whether you're preparing for a certification or simply looking to enhance your understanding of nutrition, this quiz covers a range of topics to challenge your knowledge.
- Comprehensive coverage of nutrition topics
- Simple and engaging multiple-choice questions
- Ideal for students, teachers, and health professionals
Because orthodontic patients are frequently adolescents, nutrition and oral self-care are often less than ideal. The dental hygienist may be successful in motivating noncompliant patients by reminding them that optimal nutrition and oral self-care are worthwhile endeavors that improve their appearance
Both statements are true
Both statements are false
The first statement is true; the second is false
The first statement is false; the second is true
Each of the following is accurate regarding the relation of vitamin D to sun exposure except:
5 minutes in the sunlight produces adequate amount of vitamin D
Homebound elderly are at an increased risk for deficiency.
Sunscreen inhibits formation of vitamin D.
By age 70, skin produces 1/2 the quantity it did at a younger age.
In order to lose one pound of weight per week, a patient must decrease their caloric intake by 700 calories per day.
True
False
Protein and/or vitamin C deficiencies are contributing factors to necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (NUG) because of lowered host resistance.
True
False
Hydrolysis of milk is completed with which enzyme?
Pepsin
Sucrase
Lactase
Maltase
Which of the following regarding the benefits of fiber is an incorrect statement?
Fiber contributes to constipation
Fiber increases stool bulk
Fiber increases muscle tone of digestive muscles
Fiber slows starch hydrolysis
Clinical observation of a patient could include all of the following general appraisal except:
Posture
Skin tone
Weight status
Gait and mobility
Tobacco and alcohol use
The most ideal time to begin taking folate to prevent neural tube defects is:
Upon completion of the first trimester
Before conception
From 6-8 weeks of pregnancy
Second trimester
Each of the following is true regarding carbohydrate digestion except:
CHO produce 7 kcal of energy
Hydroloysis begins in the mouth
Carbohydrates break down into monosaccharides
Digestion begins with salivary amylase
After ingested food is mixed and churned with gastric secretions, the semifluid mass is called?
Cholus
Bile
Bolus
Chyme
Fluoride incorporated into developing tooth enamel, or fluorapatite, is less resistant to demineralization.
True
False
Each of the following is true of osteoporosis except:
Osteoporosis is an age-related disorder
It is characteriszed by increased bone mass
Decreases estrogen during perimenopause is a strong causative factor
Weight-bearing exercise is thought to be a preventive factor
A blood clot blocking an artery that is capable of causing a cerebrovascular accident is called a thrombus. CVA’s (cerebrovascular accident) are commonly called a seizure.
Both are true
Both are false
First is true, second false
First is false, second true
Each of the following is true regarding characteristics of fats except:
Cooked fats improve texture of foods
Fats that are liquid are digested at a slower rate than hard fats.
Fats contribute to feeling fuller longer or increase satiety of foods.
Fats contribute to palatability of foods.
The amount of energy the body needs to maintain life: which includes digestive, physical and emotional rest is called?
Body mass index
Respiratory quotient
Basal metabolic rate
Nitrogen balance
Without vitamins, nutrients cannot be utilized from fats, carbohydrates and/or proteins for energy.
True
False
Each of the following is true of calcium within the saliva except:
Calcium within saliva increases the risk for caries.
Saliva is super saturated with calcium
Calcium in saliva provides a buffering action
Saliva is a source of calcium to mineralize demineralized enamel
Each of the following is true regarding Vitamin A except:
A hypo state known as scurvey
Preventin of night blindness
Involved in tooth development
Growth of soft tissue and bone
Which of the following is MOST likely to initiate or cause periodontal disease?
Nutrient deficiencies
Nutrient excesses
Nutrient imbalances
Plaque biofilm
Megadoses of supplements
Which macronutrient is the slowest to pass through the stomach?
Minerals
Fats
Proteins
Carbohydrates
The dental hygienist’s main goal when making dietary recommendations for a patient with a new dental prosthesis is to:
Promote healing and repair by ensuring an adequate and nutrientdense diet.
Promote healing and repair by recommending consumption of only liquids for the first week.
Promote a balanced diet by recommending a variety of fibrous foods.
Encourage the patient to become accustomed to prosthesis by eating as usual.
Each of the following is true of xerostomia and its oral and systemic effects except one. Which one is the exception?
More than 400 over-the-counter and prescription medications identify xerostomia as a possible side effect.
Patients should have frequent re-care appointments to monitor oral conditions.
Over-the-counter antihistamines often alleviate xerostomia-related conditions
Patients might experience a burning sensation while eating spicy foods.
Chewing and swallowing of dry foods can be difficult
The best source for assuring optimal glycogen stores is:
Proteins
Fats
Carbohydrates
Triglycerides
Each of the following describes physiological roles of water except?
Regulates body temperature through excretion of urine
Enables transport of nutrients and excretion of waste
Maintains stability of body fluids, ICF and ECF
Acts as a solvent for chemical reactions.
Which of the following groups of individuals has the lowest RDA for Iron.
Menopausal women
Adolescent girls
Perimenopausal women
Men
Each of the following is a characteristic or function of lipids except:
Lipids are hydrophilic
Lipids act as hormones that regulate the body
Lipids provide insulation and protection
Lipids are involved in energy metabolism and storage
Each of the following accurately describes aspects of the dietary reference intakes (DRIs) except:
DRIs attempt to estimate required nutrients to improve long-term health
DRIs attempt to establish maximum safe levels of tolerance for nutrients
DRIs specifically address individuals whose requirements are affected by a disease state
DRIs replace the older RDA’s
Mineralization is the deposition of organic elements on an inorganic matrix. Nutrition during pregnancy can have an affect on the mineralization of primary teeth.
Both are true
Both are false
First is true, second false
First is false, second true
Each of the following foods should be avoided by patients experiencing xerostomia except one. Which one is the exception?
Saltines
Hot salsa
Alcohol
Greek yogurt
Periodontal disease, the break down of healthy bone, can be exacerbated by an inadequate daily intake of vitamins, minerals, and nutrients.
True
False
A loss of 1 pound of body weight during an intense one hour exercise session means that approximately 2 cups of water has been lost.
True
False
Macronutrients include each of the following except:
Minerals
Fats
Proteins
Carbohydrates
All disease processes result from a combination of the following factors except:
Presence of an etiologic agent
Susceptibility of the host
Resistance of the host
Environmental factors
Lack of physical activity of host
Alcohol provides more energy per gram than lipids.
True
False
Each of the following is true regarding oral exposure to fermentable carbohydrates except:
Longer exposure leads to increased risk of demineralization
Frequency of carbohydrate consumption increases careis risk
Timing and sequence of carbohydrate with in a meal effect cariogencity
Retentiveness of the carbohydrate has minimal effect on cariogencity.
Women practicing Pica behaviors are usually from higher socioeconomic groups with more than a high school education. Pica is an eating disorder typically defined as persistent ingestion of non-food substances.
Both are true
Both are false
First is true, second false
First is false, second true
The ideal dietary calcium-to-phosphorus ratio for adults is 1:1. If the calcium level increases, the phosphorus level will decrease and visa-versa since they are inversely related.
Both are true
Both are false
First is true, second false
First is false, second true
Each of the following is a classic sign of fluid volume deficit FVD except:
Fissures in a dry tongue
Dry skin
Decreased muscular function
Increased urinary output
If a food product contains 25 grams of protein, how many kcal are in that product?
25 kcal
100 kcal
175 kcal
225 kcal
Each of the following is a water-soluble vitamin except:
Vitamin B6
Vitamin A
Vitamin C
Vitamin B12
Effective and easy to implement interventions for xerostomia that the dental hygienist can recommend include each of the following except one. Which one is the exception?
Carry a water bottle around during the day.
Use an alcohol-based mouthwash for rinsing after eating.
Use lip balm to help keep lips moist.
Use a humidifier to maintain humidity in the air
Use non-nutritive sweeteners
Complementary proteins is the realtionship of consuming foods within one meal, such as rice and beans, that together make up for insufficient amounts of essential amino acids.
True
False
Impediments to active listening include all but which of the following?
Interrupting
Preparing a response while the other person is speaking.
Multitasking
Finishing the speakers sentences
Making eye contact
All of the following are considered to be common conditions seen in someone with temporomandibular disorders except:
Clenching
Grinding
Macroglossia
Malocclusion
Limited jaw opening
The dental hygienist should encourage a patient who has GERD to:
Avoid eating for 2 hours prior to the dental appointment
Enjoy spicey foods
Drink orange juice before the dental appointment
Brush their teeth immediately after an GERD acid exposure
Each of the following is true of fat soluble vitamins except:
They are organic substances
They are necessary for cellular reactions.
Vitamin K is a fat soluble vitamin
The body cannot store large amounts of fat soluble vitamins.
The trace mineral tin is found in effective topical fluoride formulations.
True
False
Which of the following factors is least likely to influence the cariogenic potential of food?
Frequency
Consistency
Retention in mouth
Position in the meal
Temperature of the food
Low pH levels of sports and energy drinks resulting from citric acid content can cause irreversible damage to teeth. The critical pH level when demineralization begins to occur is at 7 pH.
Both are true
Both are false
First true, second false
First false, second true
Caries and Periodontal disease is the leading cause of tooth loss for patients older than 65 years. Nutritional deficiencies can modify the body’s response to periodontal disease.
Both statements are true.
Both statements are false
The first statement is true; the second is false.
The first statement is false; the second is true.
All of the following statements regarding pregnancy below are true except:
Additional calories are needed the first and second trimester
Weight gain of 25-35 pounds
Additional 21 grams of protein needed each day
Avoid consuming old fish that may contain unsafe levels of mercury
Which fish is most likely to contain the least amount of mercury?
Shark
Sword fish
Salmon
Mackerel
Which of the following snacks would be the best choise for a dental hygienist to recommend to a patient to reduce cariogencity.
Peanut butter and crackers
Raisins
Popcorn
String cheese
Weight loss is acheived when kilocalories consumed exceed energy expenditure.
True
False
The messages of MyPlate conveys all of the following except:
Trackers can help analyze food intake.
Vegetables and fruit should fill half the plate
Fruit juices should be consumed frequently
Whole grains should occupy 1/4 of the plate.
Dietary beta-carotene is less toxic than Retinal Vitamin A. A deficiency of beta-carotene may result in skin pigmentation.
Both are true
Both are false
First is true, second false
First is false, second true
The building block or monomer of protein is an triglyceride.
True
False
Positive nonverbal communications increase the effectiveness of a message and create a comfortable atmosphere for the patient. Avoiding direct eye contact enables the patient to relax and think more clearly.
Both statements are true.
Both statements are false
The first statement is true; the second is false.
The first statement is false; the second is true.
A raw carrot is considered more nutrient dense than a candy bar; because the carrot contains less nutrients per kilocalorie.
Both are true
Both are false
First is true, second false
First is false, second true
Each of the following is true of a full liquid diet after periodontal surgery except one. Which one is the exception?
May be required for the first 1 to 3 days
Provides food in a liquid form for patients unable to chew
Contains a small portion of solid foods
Contains high-protein, high-kilocalorie fluids
Chewing soft, spongy foods stimulates salivary flow more than crunchy foods.
True
False
Physiological energy values commonly used are: __kcal/g carbohydrate, ___kcal/g protein, ___kcal/g alcohol, ___kcal/g fat.
4, 7, 4, 9
7, 4, 4, 9
4, 4, 7, 9
4, 4, 9, 7
7, 9, 4, 4
Bacterial growth and plaque formation are enhanced by a diet with frequent intake of retentive carbohydrates. Gingivitis is an irreversible change in the interdental papillary tissues.
Both statements are true
Both statements are false.
The first statement is true; the second is false.
The first statement is false; the second is true.
Saturated fatty acids can undergo partial hydrogenation to be converted into tub spread margarine.
True
False
An infant is considered premature if the gestational period is less than 37 weeks.
True
False
The ideal daily diet during the whole time of a patient's orthodontic treatment is the mechanically altered diet. The mechanically altered diet allows the ease of chewing and includes foods such as cheese, mashed potatoes and boiled vegetables.
Both are true
Both are false
First true, second false
First false, second true
In the dental environment all of the following are common laboratory testing evaluations performed on a patient except:
Salivary flow
A1C levels
Salivary buffering
Oral bacterial count
Xylitol is a sugar alcohol. Xylitol contributes to tooth decay because oral bacteria are able to ferment it.
Both are true
Both are false
First is true, second false
First is false, second true
Dehydration occurs more frequently in older adults and can lead to all of the following except:
Increased caries susceptability
Loose fitting dentures
Poor oral hygiene
Fecal impaction
Vitamin C has an important role in collagen formation and strenghtening of tissue and capillary integrity. Vitamin C is known as the sunshine vitamin.
Both are true
Both are false
First is true, second false
First is false, second true
Which of the following food groups in MyPlate always contains fat?
Vegetables
Fruit
Meat
Milk
Whole grains
Maxillary incisors are usually the first affected by early childhood caries. Early childhood caries is the presence of one of more decayed, missing, or filled teeth in a child older than 6 years of age.
Both are true
Both are false
First true, second false
First false, second true
Juices and milk contain significant amounts of sugars; because of the natural content of simple carbohydrates
Both are true
Both are false
First true, second false
First false, second true
Glossitis results in slight atrophy of the circumvallate papillae. When glossitis is painful, a patient can rinse with magic mouthrinse; a combination of listerine and baking soda.
Both are true
Both are false
First true, second false
First false, second true
Most nutrients are absorbed in the stomach, where the majority of digestion occurs. As the large intestine reabsorbes water and electrolytes.
Both are true
Both are false
First is true, second false
First if false, second true
Each of the following is a potential effect of gingival recession except one. Which one is the exception?
Abrasion of enamel and cementum
Erosion of enamel and cementum
Root caries
Xerostomia
Rates of food insecurity are substanially higher than the National average for households with children headed by a single father. Food insecurity refers to lack of knowledge of food preparation.
Both are true
Both are false
First is true, second false
First is false, second true
What is considered to have the greatest effect on an increase in body weight?
Fat intake
Total kilocalories
Protein intake
Carbohydrate intake
MyPlate has a separate section for discretionary calories.
True
False
Functional foods have been proven to provide benefits beyond basic nutrition, including eliminating the risk for cancer.
True
False
All of the following are considered true statements that can be made regarding most fast food type restaurants except:
Protein is high in most menu items
Kcal content is low for most meals
Saturated fat is high in most menu items
Salt content is high in most menu items
Most older adult patients with xerostomia eat significantly more portions of softer foods; these foods are typically more cariogenic.
Both are true
Both are false
First is true, second false
First is false, second true
Carbohydrates are classified as each of the following except:
Polysaccarides
Monosaccharides
Triglycerides
Disaccharides
Because our basal metabolic rate (BMR) increases with age, dietary guidelines recommend lowering caloric requirements for older adults.
Both are true
Both are false
First is true, second is false
First is false, second is true
Tooth loss is a normal element that happens because of aging. Education level and race/ethnicity are strong determinants of tooth loss.
Both statements are true.
Both statements are false.
The first statement is true; the second is false
The first statement is false; the second is true.
Loss of teeth or supporting periodontium is frequently associated with poor food selection and limited chewing ability. The patient's masticatory efficiency and biting force decline with each tooth lost.
Both statements are true.
Both statements are false.
The first statement is true; the second is false
The first statement is false; the second is true.
Overall, the most accurate method of obtaining dietary information is with the:
Fad diet history.
Twenty-four-hour-recall.
Food frequency questionnaire.
3-7 day food diary
Health literacy significantly affects nutrition and oral health. The dental hygienist can improve health literacy by simplifying healthcare instructions.
Both are true
Both are false
First true, second false
First false, second true
Sea salt is a healthier choice of seasoning foods for a patient with high blood pressure. Sea salt is also a good source of iodine for these patients.
Both are true
Both are false
First is true, second false
First is false, second true
Each of the following dental conditions increases the risk of malnutrition in older adults except:
Loss of teeth
Edentulous status
Nagging spouse
Dysphagia
Infants that are breast fed for one year require less orthodontia than bottle fed infants.
True
False
Each of the following is true of terminology on a food nutrition label except:
2000 Kcal is the reference amount for the % DV in a serving
Daily reference values are the levels of nutrients considered desirable for health.
The nutrition facts are based on eating the entire package contents
Portion size is indicated in order to determine kcal based on amount of contents eaten.
Which type of vegetarian is most at risk for nutrient deficiencies?
Lacto-ovovegetarian
Pollo-vegetarian
Vegan
Semi-vegetarian
Which of the following food below has the most cariostatic properties?
Vegetables
Eggs
Seafood
Cheese
Which nutrient is most important?
Water
Protein
Vitamins
Carbohydrates
Which enzyme is most essential for the digestion of triglycerides?
Pepsin
Amylase
Protease
Lipase
Although a balanced diet is essential to tissue healing and repair, which of the following should the dental hygienist identify as the nutrient of highest priority for a patient with gingivitis or periodontal disease?
Vitamin A
Vitamin C
Vitamin D
Vitamin K
Harvesting, processing, and cooking food means nutrient losses are occuring. Fortified foods have nutrients added that were not present in the original product.
Both are true
Both are false
First is true, second false
First is false, second true
Which lipoprotein is considered to be the “good cholesterol”?
HDL
LDL
BPA
FDA
The process of digestion involves which two main actions?
Thermal and chemical
Mechanical and chemical
Chemical and electrical
Mechanical and thermal
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