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Physiology quiz (final)

Create an image of a human anatomy model with the circulatory and respiratory systems highlighted, surrounded by medical textbooks and a stethoscope, in a bright and informative style.

Physiology Mastery Quiz

Test your knowledge of physiology with our comprehensive quiz designed for students, educators, and healthcare professionals. This quiz covers a range of important topics, including cardiovascular physiology, respiratory mechanisms, and the nervous system.

Engage with multiple-choice questions that will challenge your understanding and reinforce your learning:

In-depth questions on blood pressure regulation.
Insightful scenarios on respiratory function.
Assessments of neurotransmission and reflex pathways.

60 Questions15 MinutesCreated by AnalyzingBrain42

1- A patient’s blood pressure is 124/82, what is the mean blood pressure?

A- 94

B- 90

C- 93.3333

D- 96

2- Which answer is correct regarding the pathway of arterial baroreceptor control system?

A- Aortic Arch 🡪 Glossopharyngeal nerve 🡪 Hering’s Nerve🡪 Medulla Oblongata

B- Aortic Arch 🡪 Internal Carotid 🡪Hering’s Nerve 🡪 Medulla Oblongata

C- Internal Carotid 🡪Hering’s Nerve 🡪Glossopharyngeal nerve 🡪Tractus Solitarius

D- Internal Carotid 🡪 Vagus Nerve 🡪Medulla Oblongata

3- All of the following are true regarding long term blood pressure regulation except :

A- Angiotensin II works by vasoconstriction directly which increases afterload

B- Angiotensin II works by reabsorption of water and Na+ indirectly by stimulating the release of aldosterone

C- When renal perfusion increases, the kidney will release renin which converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I

D- ACE inhibitors are substances that prevent the conversion of Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II

4- One of the following is correct about Vasopressin:

A- It causes a decrease in the volume of water leaving the body

B- It is synthesized in the posterior pituitary

C- Acts only on distal tubules of nephron

D- Vasopressin release is stimulated by baroreceptors

5.In the transport of CO2 from the tissue to the lung, which of the following occur in venous blood?

A) conversion of co2 and H2O to H+ and Hco3- in RBC

B) Binding of Hco3- to hemoglobin

C) Buffering of H+ by oxyhomoglobin

D) shifting of Hco3- into RBCs from plasma in exchange for cl-

6.what the role if carbonic anhydrase in transport of co2 in blood?

A) Accelerates dissociation of bicarbonic acid to HCO3- and H+

B) facilities reaction between water and co2 to produce H2CO3

7.Which of the following Statement is incorrect?

A) DRG consist of inspiratory neurons whose descending fibers cterminatevmotor neurons

B) VRG components remain inactive during normal quite breathing

C) There are impulse are generating in descending pathway from expiratory neurons during quiet breathing

8.Which one of the following statements is/are correct according to effect of H+ in the arterial blood?

A.H+ will influence central Chemoreceptor more than peripheral

B.H+ can across BBB and reach central

C.H+ will influence peripheral Chemoreceptor more than central and stemulates both of them

D.H+ stimulates only central

E. None of the above

9.Co2 can stimulates central and peripheral Chemoreceptor, according to this statement all the following sentences below describe the effect of Pco2 in the arterial blood except :

A. Weakly stimulates on the Peripheral

B. Does not affect the peripheral

C. If the level of Co2 more than (70-80)mmHg, Chemoreceptor will deal with It without depress

D. B+C

E. Strongly stimulates on central

10.O2 will influential on the Chemoreceptor if :

A. Enter the slop of the curve of Po2 and Hb saturation

B.3% of O2 that dissolve in the plasma decrease

C. Enter the plateau region of curve

D. B+C

E. A+C

F. 97% that bound to Hb decrease

11- Mechanoreceptors are stretch receptors in lung , Those receptors contribute in the Hering-Breuer Reflex; it's a reflex that prevents the over- inflation of the lungs, so they prevent .......... The lung , and you are found in ......... :

A. Rupture _ Bronchiole airways

B. Swell _ Bronchiole airways

C. Rupture_ bronchial airways

D. well_ bronchial airways

E.None of the above

12- The peripheral chemoreceptor are contains Carotid bodies and Aortic bodies which sensitive areas for the level of O2 and CO2 , Which will be more effect for these bodies, O2 or CO2 And why ?

A. CO2, small increase in CO2 will be sensed by these chemoreceptor and it will send a message to the respiratory center

B. O2 and CO2 , they have same effect

C. CO2, because these receptor have higher affinity for CO2 than O2

D. O2, small increase in O2 will be sensed by these chemoreceptors and it will send a message to the respiratory center

E. More than one answer is true

13.Which curve represents the Action potential that take place in SA node ?

A) I

B) II

C) III

D) IV

14. Depending on the following table, which one of these regions contains more gap junction?

I. A

II. B

III. C

IV. D

15. Which of the following substances inhibits gastric acid secretion and promotes pancreatic HCO3-

A) Secretin

B)Nitric oxide

C) . Intrinsic factor

D) Gastrin

E. Cholecystokinin

16. If the Ca+² can’t bind to troponin in the Skeletal muscle, this leads to :

A) Muscular spasm

B) Muscle doesn’t contract

C) Myasthenia gravis

D) Non of the above

17.In capillaries, the direction of movement of CO2 & O2 :

A)there is no gases exchange because the partial pressure of O2 and CO2 in the capillaries equal to tissue

B)Co2 moves from the capillaries to tissue ,O2 from tissue to capillaries because the partial pressure of CO2 in the capillaries Less than the tissue

C)O2moves from the capillaries to tissue and CO2 from the tissue to capillaries because the partial pressure of O2 in the capillaries more than the tissue

D) O2moves from the capillaries to tissue and CO2 from the tissue to capillaries because the partial pressure of O2 in the capillaries less than the tissue

18) According to (O-Hb) saturation curve, all the following statements are correct except :

A) At lungs level , the tendency of the curve is to go from L to R

B) In the plateau region , we get maximum saturation which is 100%

C)when blood moves from Po2 100 to Po2 40 which means a blood leaves its oxygen completely

D)all of them are correct

E)no answer is correct

19) which one of the following Hb is more saturation with O2:

A) pH=7.6 , Temperature=10 , Pco2=20mmHg

B)pH=7.4 ,Temperature=40 , Pco2=80mmHg

C)pH=7.2 , Temperature=10 , Pco2=20mmHg

D)pH=7.6 Temperature=40 , Pco2=80mmHg

20)One of the following sentences is correct:

A) sympathetic stimulation decreases the heart rate while parasympathetic stimulation increase the heart rate

B) parasympathetic nerve increase the force of heart contraction and cardiac output and the sympathetic nerve does the opposite

C)sympathetic and parasympathetic are two neuron chains

21. The part in brain is Responsible for the complex pattern of movements that need timing and scaling, such as using scissors :

A. Brain stem

.B. Basal nuclei

C. Cerebrum

D. Cerebellum

22-The type of glial cells Responsible for form the myelin sheath around the axions in CNS

A. Microglia

B. Ependymal cells

C. Oligodendrocytes

D. Astrocytes

23-There are special neurons that are found in the wall of GI tract, these neurons form a special system called

A. . Externic nervous system

B. Brain of gut

C. Enteric nervous system

D. B AND C

24-Recently, new researches said that ependymal cells can act as stem cells that are responsible for

A. Form the myelin sheath around the axions in CNS

B. Form blood-brain barrier (BBB)

C. for Immune defense cells of the CNS

D. The development and differentiation of neurons or glial cells

25-one of the following is an example of positive feedback

A-childbirth

B-generation nerve signal

C-blood clotting

D-all of above

26-How does homeostasis work to decrease blood pressure :

A-increase HR , vasodilation

B-decrease HR , vasoconstriction

C-increase HR , vasoconstriction

D-decrease HR , vasodilation

27.The movement of water by osmosis depends on ?

A-The number of particles

B-The temperature

C-PH

D-The size of particles

28- All the following have higher concentration outside the cell than inside it except ?

A-Cl-

B-K+

C-Ca+2

D-Na+

29-when molecules use the carrier proteins to transport, sometimes it doesn't need ATP?

a-because it is go under it is concentration gradient.

b-because it is transport with facilitated diffusion.

C-A+B

D-because it is move against its concentration gradient.

30.the ca+2 transport and H+ transport is example for ?

A-active transport

B-facilitated diffusion/ passive transport.

C-simple diffusion / passive transport

D-electrical pump

31-According to water balance, all of the following is/are correct except?

A-water loss=water gain

B-water gains by food, drink metabolism and lungs

C-fluids loss in feces is increased in constipation

D-fluid loss by sweating is increased in hot weather

E-B+C

32-What happens if you put red blood cells in 200mosmol NaCl/l +200mosmol urea /l?

A-swell

B-shrink

C-no change

D-A+B

33.One of the following channels is not a gated channel :

A-voltage channel

B-thermally channel

C-leak channel

D-chemically channel

34-One of the following factors leads to more negativity inside the cell :

A-negative protein particles outside the cell

B-the Na/K pump

C-high leak Na+ channels than leak K+ channels

D-all of the above

35-if a patient exposure to blood clotting in brain, those lead to edema in the brain which may lead to coma and death. So we treat brain edema by adding

a-Hypertonic solution

B-Hypotonic solution

C-Isotonic solution

D-A+ B

36-When the ECF becomes hypotonic :

A-water moves into the cells by osmosis.

B-water moves out of the cells by osmosis.

C-solutes moves into the cells by osmosis.

D-solutes moves out of the cells by osmosis

E-Two of the answers are correct.

37-Which condition causes increased ECF osmolarity:

A-dehydration.

B-saline infusion.

C-renal failure.

D-Hemorrhage

38- heart failure causes some conditions such as pulmonary edema which of thus is responsible of thus disease

A-Left heart failure

B-Right heart failure

C-A+ B

D-Non of thee above

39-Read this statement and answer below question "The size of ICF and ECF compartments change independent of each other, but the Volume & Osmolarities of the two compartments will be ................/.............after equilibrium "

A-equal,.equal

B-unequal ,.equal

C-unequal , unenqual

D-equal ,unequal

40)which one of the following is an iodinated tyrosine derivative:-

A) peptide hormones

B)catecholamines

c)thyroid hormone

D) steroid hormone

41)LH & fSH are responsible for :

A) gastrointestinal actively

B) reproduction

C) growth and development

D) maintenance of internal environment

42)all of the following are examples of polypeptide protein hormone except:

A)ADH

b)PTH

C)GH

D)PIH

43). The following hormones examples of steroid hormone except:

A-estrogen

B- testosterone

C- cortisol

D- oxytocin

44-Calcium level in the blood is regulated by the:

A. Thyroid

B. Parathyroid.

C. Posterior pituitary.

D. Adrenal medulla.

E. A and B

45-All of the following are hormones of the anterior pituitary except:

A. Human growth hormone (GH).

B. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).

C. Parathyroid hormone(PTH).

D. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).

46-Calcitonin is a hormone of which of following:

A. Adrenal cortex.

B. Thyroid gland.

C. Pituitary gland.

D. Thymus gland.

E. None of the above.

47-The posterior pituitary stores and releases:

A. Growth hormone and prolactin.

B. Prolactin and oxytocin.

C. Oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

D. ADH and growth hormone.

48-Small Intestine Plays a key role in digestion and absorption of nutrients (%90) ,and most of the digestion and absorption occurs in :

A. Duodenum

B. Jejunum

C. Ileum

D. cecum

49- All of the following are different types of movement in small intestine except :

A. Segmentation

B. Peristalsis

C. The migrating motility complex

D. Haustral contractions

50- The Major Functions of Large Intestine are :

A . Absorption of water and electrolytes

B. Absorbing important vitamins generated by bacterial action

C. Storing fecal material prior to defecation

D-All of the above

51. Afferent arterioles constrict in response to the activation by baroreceptor reflex and high blood pressure GFR will (Respectively)

A. Decrease, decrease

B. Decrease, not change

C. Not change , increase

D. Not change ,not change

52-One of these sentences is true about net filtration pressure )which equals 10mmHg in normal condition )

A. It increases if glomerular hydrostatic pressure decreases(other pressures are constant )

B. It increases if Bowman’s capsule pressure increases (other pressures are constant )

C. It decreases if glomerular oncotic pressure increases (other pressures are constant )

D. It is not affected if Bowman’s capsule pressure decreases (other pressures are constant )

53- "Aliskiren “ is renin inhibitor that is prescribed as a treatment for hypertension, if a healthy adult took this drug Choose the correct statement

A. This drug will affect renin which is secreted from smooth muscle cells of afferent arterioles

B. This drug will decrease urination and Na+ _water reabsorption

C. This drug will increase urination and decrease Na+_water reabsorption

D. All of the above

54.Pancreatic HCO3- secretion is stimulated by:

A. Release of norepinephrine from preganglionic sympathetic nerves

B. Gastric distension

C. Lipid in the terminal ileum

D. Released of enterokinase

E. Acid in the duodenum

55) Which nephron structure is especially important in the kidney's ability to produce urine of varying concentration?

A- Bowman' capsule.

B- proximal tubule.

C- distal tubule.

D- loop of Henle.

E- glomerulus

56) Afferent arteriolar vasoconstriction __________ blood flow into the glomerulus, which causes the glomerular-capillary blood pressure to __________, leading to a(n) __________ in the net filtration pressure and a resultant __________ in the GFR.

Increases, increase, increase, increase

Decreases, decrease, decrease, decrease

Increases, increase, decrease, decrease

Decreases, decrease, increase, increase

None of these answers.

57. The Na+-K+ ATPase transport system that plays a pivotal role in much of tubular reabsorption is located in the

Luminal membrane of tubular cells

Basolateral membrane of tubular cells.

Podocytes.

Glomerular capillary membrane.

Basement membrane.

58) Which of the following is not a function of the gastrointestinal tract?

A. Motility

B. Secretion

C. Digestion

D. Absorption

E. Regulation of metabolism

59) During the normal process of swallowing, food is prevented from entering the nasal passages by:

A. The tongue

B. The epiglottis

C. The glottis

D. The uvula

E. The negative intra-thoracic pressure

60. Hroughout the intestinal tract the nervous structure that lies between the longitudinal and circular muscle layers is called:

A. The myenteric plexus

B. The submucosal plexus

C. The mucosa

D. The brush border

E. The enterocyte

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