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Quizzes > Health & Medicine > Human Anatomy & Medicine

Match Reproductive Hormones to Their Roles in Physiology Quiz

Ready to test your reproductive hormones matching skills?

Difficulty: Moderate
2-5mins
Learning OutcomesCheat Sheet
Paper art illustration for reproductive physiology quiz matching hormones like GnRH with functions on a sky blue background

This Match Reproductive Hormones Quiz helps you match GnRH, LH, FSH, and other hormones to their key actions and sources. Use it to practice fast recall and spot gaps before an exam. For a quick review, see the endocrine and reproductive guide or try the reproductive system practice quiz .

Which hormone is released in pulses from the hypothalamus to regulate the secretion of FSH and LH?
Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
Growth hormone - releasing hormone (GHRH)
GnRH is secreted in a pulsatile manner by the hypothalamus and stimulates the anterior pituitary to release FSH and LH. Pulsatility is critical to proper gonadotropin release. Disruption of GnRH pulses can lead to infertility.
Which hormone surge triggers ovulation in the menstrual cycle?
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Prolactin
Progesterone
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
A mid-cycle surge in LH induces the final maturation of the dominant follicle and triggers ovulation about 24 - 36 hours later. FSH also rises but to a lesser degree. Progesterone and prolactin do not initiate ovulation.
In males, which hormone directly stimulates Sertoli cells to support spermatogenesis?
Prolactin
Testosterone
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
FSH acts on Sertoli cells within the seminiferous tubules to promote sperm maturation and support. LH acts on Leydig cells to produce testosterone. Testosterone has an indirect role but does not directly initiate spermatogenesis.
Which hormone is primarily responsible for maintaining the endometrium during the luteal phase?
Relaxin
Inhibin
Estrogen
Progesterone
Progesterone, produced by the corpus luteum, stabilizes and maintains the endometrial lining to prepare for potential implantation. Estrogen proliferates the endometrium earlier in the cycle. Inhibin and relaxin have different modulatory roles.
Which hormone promotes proliferation of the endometrial lining during the follicular phase?
Progesterone
Prolactin
Relaxin
Estrogen
Estrogen secreted by growing ovarian follicles stimulates endometrial cell proliferation and thickening during the follicular phase. Progesterone prepares the endometrium later. Prolactin and relaxin do not drive endometrial proliferation.
Which hormone is primarily responsible for milk production in the mammary glands?
Prolactin
Progesterone
Estrogen
Oxytocin
Prolactin, secreted by the anterior pituitary, stimulates alveolar cells in the breast to synthesize milk. Oxytocin triggers milk ejection, not production. Estrogen and progesterone modulate breast development.
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) supports early pregnancy by:
Stimulating uterine contractions
Inhibiting prolactin release
Maintaining the corpus luteum
Promoting endometrial shedding
hCG secreted by the trophoblast maintains the corpus luteum, ensuring continued progesterone production to support the endometrium in early pregnancy. It does not inhibit prolactin or induce contractions.
Which hormone, produced by the granulosa cells in the ovary, specifically inhibits FSH secretion?
Activin
Inhibin B
Relaxin
Anti-Müllerian hormone
Inhibin B, secreted by granulosa cells in response to FSH, selectively suppresses FSH release from the anterior pituitary. Activin has the opposite effect. AMH and relaxin have different ovarian roles.
Oxytocin facilitates childbirth by:
Maintaining the corpus luteum
Stimulating uterine contractions
Relaxing the cervix
Inhibiting prolactin
Oxytocin, released from the posterior pituitary, binds to uterine smooth muscle receptors and increases the force and frequency of contractions during labor. It does not relax the cervix or affect prolactin or the corpus luteum.
Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) in women is a marker of:
Luteal phase length
Ovarian reserve
Endometrial thickness
Pituitary function
AMH is secreted by small pre-antral and antral follicles and correlates with the remaining follicular pool, making it a reliable ovarian reserve marker. It does not reflect endometrial status or pituitary function.
Relaxin, secreted during pregnancy, primarily functions to:
Maintain the corpus luteum
Loosen pelvic ligaments
Increase uterine contractility
Stimulate milk letdown
Relaxin, produced by the corpus luteum and placenta, softens the cervix and relaxes pelvic ligaments to facilitate childbirth. It does not affect uterine contractility directly or milk ejection.
Activin modulates gonadotropin release by:
Inhibiting GnRH secretion
Stimulating FSH production
Suppressing LH release
Promoting progesterone synthesis
Activin enhances FSH synthesis and secretion from the anterior pituitary and can augment GnRH receptor expression. It does not inhibit GnRH or directly affect progesterone.
During the luteal phase, progesterone exerts negative feedback mainly on:
Prolactin secretion
Placental hCG release
Hypothalamic GnRH secretion
Ovarian follicle growth
Progesterone inhibits GnRH pulse frequency and amplitude at the hypothalamus, reducing LH and FSH release during the luteal phase. It has little direct impact on placental hCG or prolactin secretion.
In males, LH primarily acts on:
Pituitary to release FSH
Hypothalamus to release GnRH
Sertoli cells to promote spermatogenesis
Leydig cells to produce testosterone
LH binds to receptors on Leydig cells in the testes, stimulating testosterone synthesis, which is essential for spermatogenesis. Sertoli cells respond to FSH, not LH.
GnRH is classified as which type of molecule?
Steroid hormone
Tyrosine derivative
Glycoprotein
Decapeptide neurohormone
GnRH is a decapeptide (10 amino acids) secreted by hypothalamic neurons, classified as a neurohormone. It is not a steroid, tyrosine derivative, or glycoprotein.
Estrogen exerts many effects by binding to intracellular receptors that act as:
Receptor tyrosine kinases
Ligand-gated ion channels
G-protein - coupled receptors
Nuclear transcription factors
Estrogen receptors ? and ?, once bound by ligand, translocate to the nucleus and function as transcription factors to regulate gene expression. They are not GPCRs or ion channels.
Which shift in feedback occurs just before the LH surge?
High estrogen induces positive feedback on GnRH/LH
Relaxin induces positive feedback
Inhibin switches to positive feedback
Progesterone switches to positive feedback
During the late follicular phase, sustained high estradiol levels switch from negative to positive feedback on the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, triggering the LH surge. Progesterone and inhibin do not mediate this switch.
hCG supports the corpus luteum by binding to receptors that are identical to those for:
ACTH
FSH
TSH
LH
hCG and LH share a common alpha and beta receptor, allowing hCG to maintain corpus luteum function through the LH receptor. FSH, TSH, and ACTH receptors are distinct.
DHEA-S produced by the adrenal cortex contributes to:
Progesterone production by the corpus luteum
Estrogen synthesis in the ovary
Prolactin secretion
Oxytocin release from the hypothalamus
DHEA-S, an adrenal androgen precursor, is converted in peripheral tissues including the ovary into estrogens. It does not directly produce progesterone or regulate oxytocin or prolactin.
Which form of inhibin is predominant in the luteal phase?
Anti-Müllerian hormone
Inhibin A
Inhibin B
Activin A
Inhibin A levels peak during the luteal phase, whereas inhibin B is higher in the follicular phase. This helps fine-tune FSH secretion across the cycle.
The corpus luteum secretes all the following except:
Progesterone
Relaxin
Estrogen
Anti-Müllerian hormone
The corpus luteum secretes progesterone, estrogen, relaxin, and inhibin A but not AMH. AMH is secreted by growing ovarian follicles, not the corpus luteum.
Prolactin secretion is tonically inhibited by which neurotransmitter?
GABA
Glutamate
Serotonin
Dopamine
Dopamine released from the hypothalamus binds to D2 receptors on lactotrophs in the anterior pituitary, inhibiting prolactin secretion. Reduced dopamine increases prolactin.
Mutations in the GnRH receptor can lead to which congenital condition characterized by delayed or absent puberty and anosmia?
Androgen insensitivity syndrome
Klinefelter syndrome
Kallmann syndrome
Turner syndrome
Kallmann syndrome involves GnRH neuron migration defects and can involve GnRH receptor mutations, leading to hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia. The other syndromes have different etiologies.
Which neuropeptide upstream of GnRH is critical for puberty onset and is often mutated in idiopathic central hypogonadism?
Substance P
Neuropeptide Y
Kisspeptin
Corticotropin-releasing hormone
Kisspeptin, encoded by KISS1 and acting via the GPR54 receptor, is essential for GnRH pulse initiation at puberty. Mutations in kisspeptin or its receptor can cause central hypogonadism.
AMH inhibits initial follicle recruitment by antagonizing which signaling pathway in ovarian granulosa cells?
FSH/cAMP pathway
BMP/SMAD pathway
PI3K/AKT pathway
TGF-?/SMAD pathway
AMH belongs to the TGF-? superfamily and inhibits primordial follicle activation by modulating the SMAD signaling cascade downstream of TGF-? receptors. It does not primarily act through BMP, FSH/cAMP, or PI3K/AKT.
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Study Outcomes

  1. Identify Key Reproductive Hormones -

    After taking this reproductive physiology quiz, learners will be able to name major hormones like GnRH, LH, FSH, estrogen, and progesterone and recognize their endocrine system reproduction roles.

  2. Understand GnRH Characteristics -

    Participants will grasp the primary functions and release patterns of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, enabling them to explain how GnRH initiates the reproductive hormone cascade.

  3. Differentiate Hormone Functions -

    Users will distinguish between the actions of various reproductive hormones, analyzing how each influences gametogenesis, steroidogenesis, and feedback mechanisms.

  4. Match Hormones to Their Roles -

    Through reproductive hormones matching exercises, learners will accurately match the reproductive hormone with the correct characteristic for GnRH, FSH, LH, and others.

  5. Apply Knowledge to Clinical Scenarios -

    By completing case-based questions, readers will apply their understanding of hormone functions to hypothetical endocrine system reproduction quiz situations.

  6. Self-Assess Mastery of Hormonal Concepts -

    After the GnRH characteristics quiz and related questions, participants can evaluate their understanding and identify areas for further study.

Cheat Sheet

  1. Pulsatile GnRH Secretion -

    GnRH is secreted in pulses by hypothalamic neurons every 60 - 90 minutes to drive LH and FSH release. Understanding this pulsatility is key when you match the reproductive hormone with the correct characteristic GnRH in a reproductive physiology quiz (source: Guyton & Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology).

  2. GnRH Receptor Signaling -

    GnRH binds to G-protein - coupled receptors on pituitary gonadotrophs, activating the IP3/DAG pathway and elevating intracellular Ca2+ to trigger LH and FSH secretion. Remember "G-Protein → GIRD" (GPCR, IP3, Release, DAG) when tackling reproductive hormones matching in an endocrine system reproduction quiz (source: Endocrine Society).

  3. Negative vs. Positive Feedback -

    Low to moderate estradiol exerts negative feedback on the hypothalamus/pituitary, but sustained high estradiol provokes a positive feedback LH surge. In a reproductive physiology quiz, distinguishing these feedback modes helps you correctly match hormones like GnRH, estrogen, and progesterone (source: Larsen's Human Embryology & Developmental Biology).

  4. FSH and LH Functions -

    FSH drives follicle growth and estradiol production in ovaries, while LH triggers ovulation and stimulates androgen synthesis in Leydig cells. Use the mnemonic "F for Follicle, L for Luteinization" during your GnRH characteristics quiz or broader reproductive hormones matching exercises (source: Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guidelines).

  5. Clinical Use of GnRH Analogues -

    GnRH agonists and antagonists modulate the hypothalamic - pituitary - gonadal axis to treat conditions like endometriosis, prostate cancer, and precocious puberty by downregulating gonadotropin release. A handy formula is "Agonist → Initial Flare → Downregulation," a staple in endocrine system reproduction quizzes and GnRH characteristics quizzes (source: NIH Clinical Trials).

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