MICRO EXAM 21/22
Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Quiz
Test your knowledge on microbiology and infectious diseases with this comprehensive quiz designed for students, healthcare professionals, and enthusiasts. Each question is crafted to challenge your understanding of bacterial, viral, and fungal pathogens, their treatment, and prevention methods.
- Covering a wide array of topics from HIV treatment to the diagnosis of viral infections.
- Ideal for reinforcing your academic knowledge or preparing for exams.
Treatment of HIV infections include:
azidothymidine – nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor
Saquinavir – protease inhibitor
Zanamivir – CCR5 co-receptor antagonist inhibitor
Nevirapine – non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor
Enfuvirtide – protein synthesis inhibitor
Bacterial indicator diseases of AIDS include:
pneumocystis pneumonia
Vaginal candidiasis
Cytomegalovirus disease
Mycobacterioses
Disseminated histoplasmosis
Drug of choice for dog bite prophylaxis include
Amoxicillin
cefalexin
Natural penicillin
Amoxicillin with clavulanic acid
Azithromycin
Choose correct statement/s regarding cholera:
Etiological agent: facultative anaerobic Gram-negative rods.
The exotoxin leading to hypersecretion of water and electrolytes is responsible for clinical manifestation of the disease.
Affects only immunocompromised individuals.
Spreads mainly via droplet route.
Antibiotic therapy plays a minor role, azithromycin is mainly used.
Choose correct combination of an etiological agent and infection:
Streptococcus pyogenes – Pontiac fever
Propionibacterium acnes – parenchyma
Coxiella burnetti – lobar pneumonia
Clostridium tetani – flaccid paralysis
Chlamydia trachomatis – infant pneumonia
Infections following the consumption of contaminated seafood and raw oysters are caused by:
Salmonella
EHEC
Vibrio vulnificus
Shigella
Yersinia enterocoliticia
Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome :
Is the consequence of the large doses of bacterial LPS accumulated in patients’ blood
Exfoliative toxin - producing cocci are its etiological agents
TSST-1, SpA and SpC toxins are responsible for its clinical manifestation.
Fulminant course is most characteristic and requires immediate medical intervention
Increased risk for the disease is observed for patients with cancer and diabetes mellitus.
Choose correct combination of fungus and marker detected:
Galactomannan - Candida
Galactomannan - Aspergillus
Capsular polysaccharides - Cryptococcus neoformans
mannan - Candida
Pseudohypha - Cryptococcus neoformans
Treatment menagement of bacterial otitis media in small children include:
Colistin
Doxycycline
Ciprofloxacin
amoxicillin
cloxacillin
Mark correct combination:
bacteria lacking a cell wall - Chlamydia
Gram-positive, anaerobic spore forming rods – Actinomyces
Gram-positive microaerophilic bacilli – Helicobacte
anaerobic Gram positive cocci - Enterococcus
Facultaively anaerobic Gram-negative rods - Eikenella corrodens
Which of the following combinations indicates the acquired resistance to antimicrobial agent:
Meropenem – Klebsiella pneumoniae
Penicillin G – Streptococcus pyogenes
Ceftriaxone – Porphyromonas gingivalis
Gentamicin – Bacteroides fragilis
flukonazole – Candida glabrata
Choose correct statement/s regarding HPV infections:
Infection may follow the passage through infected birth canal
Virus infects epithelial cells only of genital tract
HPV infection is hidden from immune responses and persist
All known virus types are associated with dysplasia that may become cancerous
DNA analysis of cervical swabs and tissue specimens are the method of choice for diagnosis of infection.
19-year old female patient was admitted to a doctor to evaluate the pelvic pain and purulent, yellow-green vaginal discharge. In Gram-stained direct of the discharge the presence of Gram- negative cocci was determined. In accordance with the international recommendations the following antimicrobial agents should be administrated.
penicillin G + azithromycin
Metronidazole + tetracycline
Ceftriaxone + azithromycin
Cefoxitin + doxycycline
Cefuroxime + doxycycline
Choose correct statement/s:
The activity of IgA proteases produced by meningococci results in activation of the Fc and Fab regions of the antibody.
Almost all Neisseria meningitidis infections are caused by serogrups A, B, C, Y, and W-135.
Major virulence factors of Enterococcus sp. include Opa proteins and leukocidin
Lipoarabinomannan is a major component of the Mycobacterium cell wall
Haemophilus influenzae serotype b accounts for 95% of all invasive Haemophilus infections
Which of the following spread via droplet route:
Measles virus
Ebola virus
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Bartonella henselae
Bartonella pertussi
Which of the following statements refers to Mycobacterium tuberculosis:
Facultative intracellular bacterium
Susceptibile to most of antimicrobial and disinfecting agents
Strongly acid-fast
Carbohydrate-rich cell wall
Slow-growing bacterium
Choose incorrect statement regarding the laboratory diagnosis of viral infections:
Real-Time PCR is used to detect the SARS-CoV-2 in nasopharyngeal swab.
Clinical specimen is transported in room temperature (RT) and on special media.
RSV induced the syncytia formation in infected host cells
Seroconversion is defined as a 4-fold increase in IgG titer
Real - time PCR is used to quantitative evaluation of HIV genome in patients serum
Penicillin is currently not recommended as a first-line drug for the treatment of gonorrhea. Point out the cause:
Vaccine efficacy
production of plazmid - mediated beta-lactamases
High percentage of patients hypersensitive to beta-lactams
More than 80% of strains show resistance to penicillins
Alteration of the ribosomal target site conformation
Choose the clinical specimen and the assay used to detect the hypervirulent strains responsible for pseudomembranous colitis :
Stool – Gram staining
Stool – Real Time PCR
Serum – detection of A and B toxins
Blood – bacterial culture
Stool – aerobic culture
Choose the drug of choice used to treat erysipelas in patient with hypersensitivity to penicillins: Select one:
Ampicilin
Clarithromycin
trimetoprim
nystatin
colistin
Choose the most common fungal pathogens responsible for superficial skin infections: Select one:
Candida, Malassezia furfur, Trichophyton
Pneumocystis jiroveci, Trichosporon
Candida, Cryptococcus neoformans
Zygomycetes
Anaplasma, Sporothrix schenckii
Choose correct treatemt management of the particular infections: Select one:
Legionairres disease
Syphilis – cefazolin
. Ornithosis
Bacterial pharyngitis –fenoxymethylpenicillin
Lyme disease – gentamicin
Quantitative evaluation of the microorganisms plays an essential role in culturing of: Select one:
Urine sample
CSF
sputum
Blood sample
Stool sample
Choose correct combination of patients and drug of choice recommended to treat bacterial meningitis:
Newborns – ampicillin and cefuroxime
Adults – ampicillin + metronidazole
10-18 year old patients – ceftriaxone and vancomycin
Postexposure prophylaxis for meningococcal disease – isoniazid
1 month – 5 year old children – ampicillin and gentamicin
Tick-borne diseases include:
Spring-summer encephalitis, mononucleoisis
Pastereullosis, Legionairres disease
Ehrlichiosis, Q fever
Ehrlichiosis, Q fever
Relapsing fever, Lyme disease
Campylobacteriosis, tularemia
Which of the following statements refer to Listeria monocytoges: (àtrigger words: gram pos. Coccobacilli, beta-hemolytic, meningitis, opportunistic)
Facultative intracellular bacterium
Humans are its primary reservoir
Diagnostic includes culturing the bacterium in 4oC
Neonates are the high-risk population of patients
Bacteria can’t cross the placental barrier
Choose strict anaerobic Gram-negative microorganisms most commonly found in large intestine of healthy individual: Select one:
Corynebacterium, Staphylococcus, Candida
Propionibacterium, Streptococcus, Acinetobacter
Eubacterium, Enterococcus, Porphyromonas
Fusobacterium, Bacteroides, Prevotella
Blastocystis, Bacteroides, Trichomonas
Spiramycin:
is used to treat E. Coli infections
is bacteriostatic
Due to its spectrum is the first-line drug used to treat UTI
Inhibits the bacterial protein synthesis
Is active against gram positive cocci
Choose correct statement: Select one:
M. Leprae grows well on artificial media
Tuberculosis immunoprophylaxis with atenuated BCG vaccine is reccomended in endemic counteries
Short-term treatment with multiple drugs is required to prevent development of drug-resistant strains.
In the course of the infection Mycobacterium tuberculosis facilitates fusion of the phagosome with lysosome.
Nontuberculous mycobacteria inlude I.a. M. africanum
Choose incorrect statement regarding dimorphic fungi: Select one:
Coccidioides immitis is one of its representatives.
Microscopic examination and culturing are used in diagnostic of infections
The yeast phase is found in infected tissue.
Are present in environmental in endemic areas
Are responsible mainly for superficial and localized infections
The laboratory and clinical diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis is determined by:
The presence of blastospores and invasive forms in direct stained smear
A fish-like odor of vaginal discharge
The presence of clue cells in direct stained smear
Vaginal discharge with a cottage cheese appearance
Frothy and yellow-green in colour vaginal discharge
Which of the resistance phenotypes refers to S. aureus MSSA and MLSb positive: Select one:
Susceptible to cloxacillin, resistant to rifampin
Susceptible to cloxacillin, resistant to erythromycin
Resistant to beta-lactams (with exclusion of ceftaroline), resistant to macrolides
Resistant to cloxacillin, susceptible to clindamycin
Susceptible to all beta lactams, susceptible to macrolides
Poliovirus infection is caused by: Select one:
Oncogenic DNA virus
Non - oncogenic DNA virus
Non - oncogenic RNA virus
An oncogenic RNA virus
Defective RNA virus
Non-suppurative complications following streptococcal pharyngitis include: Select one:
Peptic ulcers
Erythema nodosum
Pyelonephritis
Gastroenteritis
Pontiac fever
Herpangina:
Is caused by Herpesviridae
Vesicular ulcerated lesions around the soft palate and uvula are the classic clinical findings.
Is caused by DNA viruses
Infection is most commonly self-limiting.
Is caused by several types of Coxackie A viruses.
Active efflux of antimicrobial agent from bacterial cell determines the resistance to: Select one:
Aminoglycosides and rifampin
Penicillin
Cephalosporins
Macrolides and tetracycline
Sulphonamides
Which of the following viruses binds to C3d complement receptor (CR2/CD21): Select one:
Human parvovirus B19
EBV
Polio
HHV - 1
HIV
Choose correct statement/s regarding pneumonia:
Atypical pneumonia casued by mycoplasma pneumoniae is more common in school age children and predmoniated during fall
Lobar pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae is mainly confirmed in patients with non- specific cellular and humoral immunodeficiencies.
Interstitial viral pneumonia in adults is caused mainly by Orthomyxoviridae and is more common during the winter.
Treatment options of pneumonia caused by Legionella pneumophila include use of ceftriaxone.
Fungal pneumonia caused by Candida is most commonly exogenous.
Virulence factors that facilitates bacterial colonization include:
. Biofilm formation
Coagulase production
Adhesive fimbriae
Toxins
Antimicrobial resistance
Choose incorrect statement regarding the diagnostic of Helicobacter pylori infections: Select one:
Treatment menagemnt includes I.a. Use of macrolides.
H. Pylori antiigen detection in stool sample is sensitive and specific metod
Urea breath test is noninvasive diagnostics method
. Evaluation of IgM and Ig G titers is useful in determination of the exacerbations of chronic gastritis.
Gastric biopsies cultured on artificial media requires incubation in microaerophilic conditions
Choose the clinical specimen in which, in routine diagnostic, the presence of SARS-CoV2 is confirmed:
Stool
Nasopharyngeal swab
Blood
CSF
Urine
Invasive aspergillosis:
Indicates mostly patients with complement deficiencies.
Is associated with neutropenia and impaired phagocytic cells function.
Voriconazole and amphotericin B are used in treatment.
Aspergillus fumigatus is its main etiological agent
The respiratory tract is the main gate of entry of aspergillus
Which of the following statements refer to Gram-negative CPE-NDM strains: Select one:
Are an alert pathogens which transmission requires strict sanitary management in health-care facilities.
Are susceptible to carbapenems
Are mostly the cause of infections within ambulatory patients.
Treatment management of infections includes glycopeptides.
Produces mainly A class of carbapenemases
Anatoxin is used in immunoprohylaxis of infections caused by: Select one:
Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Clostridium tetatni
Salmonella Typhi, Vibrio cholerae
Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Streptococcus pneumoniae
Vibrio cholerae, Neisseria meningitidis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Haemophilus influenza
Variola and Molluscum contagiosum viruses are the representatives of: Select one:
Filoviridae
Flaviviridae
Togaviridae
Poxyviridae
Bunyaviridae
Echinocandins: Select one:
Inhibition of fungal cell membrane 1,3 – β-glucan synthesis
Are not active against Candida glabrata and Candida krusei
Are active against Cryptococcus neoformans
Inhibition of fungal cell wall 1,3 – β-glucan synthesis
Binds to ergosterol causing direct oxidative membrane demage
Choose an etiological agent of aseptic (non-purulent) meningitis: Select one:
Haemophilus influenzae
Streptococcus pneumonia
Borrelia burgdoferi
E. coli
S. aureus
COVID-19 vaccines (developed so far) are composed of:
Viral capsid
Whole viral genome
MRNA
Adenovirus vector
Poxyvirus vector
Choose incorrect statement: Select one:
Viridans streptococci colonie the oropharynx
Nocardia asteroides is an example of bacterium responsible for an opportunistic infections
Acinetobacter baumanii is an important etiological agent of exogenous hospital aqcuired ventilator associated pneumonia
Streptococcus pyogenes is involved in pathogenesis of necrotizing fasciitis.
Kingella kingae is the leading cause of surgical site infections.
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