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MICRO EXAM 21/22

An educational graphic showcasing various microbes with a clinical background, such as a microscope, test tubes, and a stethoscope, highlighting the themes of microbiology and infectious diseases.

Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Quiz

Test your knowledge on microbiology and infectious diseases with this comprehensive quiz designed for students, healthcare professionals, and enthusiasts. Each question is crafted to challenge your understanding of bacterial, viral, and fungal pathogens, their treatment, and prevention methods.

Covering a wide array of topics from HIV treatment to the diagnosis of viral infections.
Ideal for reinforcing your academic knowledge or preparing for exams.

51 Questions13 MinutesCreated by StudyingBacteria42

Treatment of HIV infections include:

azidothymidine – nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor

Saquinavir – protease inhibitor

Zanamivir – CCR5 co-receptor antagonist inhibitor

Nevirapine – non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor

Enfuvirtide – protein synthesis inhibitor

Bacterial indicator diseases of AIDS include:

pneumocystis pneumonia

Vaginal candidiasis

Cytomegalovirus disease

Mycobacterioses

Disseminated histoplasmosis

Drug of choice for dog bite prophylaxis include

Amoxicillin

cefalexin

Natural penicillin

Amoxicillin with clavulanic acid

Azithromycin

Choose an infectious agent spread via fecal-oral route:

HEV

Rubella virus

Norovirus

HHV 2

HAV

Choose correct statement/s regarding cholera:

Etiological agent: facultative anaerobic Gram-negative rods.

The exotoxin leading to hypersecretion of water and electrolytes is responsible for clinical manifestation of the disease.

Affects only immunocompromised individuals.

Spreads mainly via droplet route.

Antibiotic therapy plays a minor role, azithromycin is mainly used.

Choose correct combination of an etiological agent and infection:

Streptococcus pyogenes – Pontiac fever

Propionibacterium acnes – parenchyma

Coxiella burnetti – lobar pneumonia

Clostridium tetani – flaccid paralysis

Chlamydia trachomatis – infant pneumonia

Infections following the consumption of contaminated seafood and raw oysters are caused by:

Salmonella

EHEC

Vibrio vulnificus

Shigella

Yersinia enterocoliticia

Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome :

Is the consequence of the large doses of bacterial LPS accumulated in patients’ blood

Exfoliative toxin - producing cocci are its etiological agents

TSST-1, SpA and SpC toxins are responsible for its clinical manifestation.

Fulminant course is most characteristic and requires immediate medical intervention

Increased risk for the disease is observed for patients with cancer and diabetes mellitus.

Choose correct combination of fungus and marker detected:

Galactomannan - Candida

Galactomannan - Aspergillus

Capsular polysaccharides - Cryptococcus neoformans

mannan - Candida

Pseudohypha - Cryptococcus neoformans

Treatment menagement of bacterial otitis media in small children include:

Colistin

Doxycycline

Ciprofloxacin

amoxicillin

cloxacillin

Mark correct combination:

bacteria lacking a cell wall - Chlamydia

Gram-positive, anaerobic spore forming rods – Actinomyces

Gram-positive microaerophilic bacilli – Helicobacte

anaerobic Gram positive cocci - Enterococcus

Facultaively anaerobic Gram-negative rods - Eikenella corrodens

Which of the following combinations indicates the acquired resistance to antimicrobial agent:

Meropenem – Klebsiella pneumoniae

Penicillin G – Streptococcus pyogenes

Ceftriaxone – Porphyromonas gingivalis

Gentamicin – Bacteroides fragilis

flukonazole – Candida glabrata

Choose correct statement/s regarding HPV infections:

Infection may follow the passage through infected birth canal

Virus infects epithelial cells only of genital tract

HPV infection is hidden from immune responses and persist

All known virus types are associated with dysplasia that may become cancerous

DNA analysis of cervical swabs and tissue specimens are the method of choice for diagnosis of infection.

19-year old female patient was admitted to a doctor to evaluate the pelvic pain and purulent, yellow-green vaginal discharge. In Gram-stained direct of the discharge the presence of Gram- negative cocci was determined. In accordance with the international recommendations the following antimicrobial agents should be administrated.

penicillin G + azithromycin

Metronidazole + tetracycline

Ceftriaxone + azithromycin

Cefoxitin + doxycycline

Cefuroxime + doxycycline

Choose correct statement/s:

The activity of IgA proteases produced by meningococci results in activation of the Fc and Fab regions of the antibody.

Almost all Neisseria meningitidis infections are caused by serogrups A, B, C, Y, and W-135.

Major virulence factors of Enterococcus sp. include Opa proteins and leukocidin

Lipoarabinomannan is a major component of the Mycobacterium cell wall

Haemophilus influenzae serotype b accounts for 95% of all invasive Haemophilus infections

Which of the following spread via droplet route:

Measles virus

Ebola virus

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Bartonella henselae

Bartonella pertussi

Which of the following statements refers to Mycobacterium tuberculosis:

Facultative intracellular bacterium

Susceptibile to most of antimicrobial and disinfecting agents

Strongly acid-fast

Carbohydrate-rich cell wall

Slow-growing bacterium

Choose incorrect statement regarding the laboratory diagnosis of viral infections:

Real-Time PCR is used to detect the SARS-CoV-2 in nasopharyngeal swab.

Clinical specimen is transported in room temperature (RT) and on special media.

RSV induced the syncytia formation in infected host cells

Seroconversion is defined as a 4-fold increase in IgG titer

Real - time PCR is used to quantitative evaluation of HIV genome in patients serum

Penicillin is currently not recommended as a first-line drug for the treatment of gonorrhea. Point out the cause:

Vaccine efficacy

production of plazmid - mediated beta-lactamases

High percentage of patients hypersensitive to beta-lactams

More than 80% of strains show resistance to penicillins

Alteration of the ribosomal target site conformation

Choose the clinical specimen and the assay used to detect the hypervirulent strains responsible for pseudomembranous colitis :

Stool – Gram staining

Stool – Real Time PCR

Serum – detection of A and B toxins

Blood – bacterial culture

Stool – aerobic culture

Choose the drug of choice used to treat erysipelas in patient with hypersensitivity to penicillins: Select one:

Ampicilin

Clarithromycin

trimetoprim

nystatin

colistin

Choose the most common fungal pathogens responsible for superficial skin infections: Select one:

Candida, Malassezia furfur, Trichophyton

Pneumocystis jiroveci, Trichosporon

Candida, Cryptococcus neoformans

Zygomycetes

Anaplasma, Sporothrix schenckii

Choose correct treatemt management of the particular infections: Select one:

Legionairres disease

Syphilis – cefazolin

. Ornithosis

Bacterial pharyngitis –fenoxymethylpenicillin

Lyme disease – gentamicin

Quantitative evaluation of the microorganisms plays an essential role in culturing of: Select one:

Urine sample

CSF

sputum

Blood sample

Stool sample

Choose correct combination of patients and drug of choice recommended to treat bacterial meningitis:

Newborns – ampicillin and cefuroxime

Adults – ampicillin + metronidazole

10-18 year old patients – ceftriaxone and vancomycin

Postexposure prophylaxis for meningococcal disease – isoniazid

1 month – 5 year old children – ampicillin and gentamicin

Tick-borne diseases include:

Spring-summer encephalitis, mononucleoisis

Pastereullosis, Legionairres disease

Ehrlichiosis, Q fever

Relapsing fever, Lyme disease

Campylobacteriosis, tularemia

Which of the following statements refer to Listeria monocytoges: (àtrigger words: gram pos. Coccobacilli, beta-hemolytic, meningitis, opportunistic)

Facultative intracellular bacterium

Humans are its primary reservoir

Diagnostic includes culturing the bacterium in 4oC

Neonates are the high-risk population of patients

Bacteria can’t cross the placental barrier

Choose strict anaerobic Gram-negative microorganisms most commonly found in large intestine of healthy individual: Select one:

Corynebacterium, Staphylococcus, Candida

Propionibacterium, Streptococcus, Acinetobacter

Eubacterium, Enterococcus, Porphyromonas

Fusobacterium, Bacteroides, Prevotella

Blastocystis, Bacteroides, Trichomonas

Spiramycin:

is used to treat E. Coli infections

is bacteriostatic

Due to its spectrum is the first-line drug used to treat UTI

Inhibits the bacterial protein synthesis

Is active against gram positive cocci

Choose correct statement: Select one:

M. Leprae grows well on artificial media

Tuberculosis immunoprophylaxis with atenuated BCG vaccine is reccomended in endemic counteries

Short-term treatment with multiple drugs is required to prevent development of drug-resistant strains.

In the course of the infection Mycobacterium tuberculosis facilitates fusion of the phagosome with lysosome.

Nontuberculous mycobacteria inlude I.a. M. africanum

Choose incorrect statement regarding dimorphic fungi: Select one:

Coccidioides immitis is one of its representatives.

Microscopic examination and culturing are used in diagnostic of infections

The yeast phase is found in infected tissue.

Are present in environmental in endemic areas

Are responsible mainly for superficial and localized infections

The laboratory and clinical diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis is determined by:

The presence of blastospores and invasive forms in direct stained smear

A fish-like odor of vaginal discharge

The presence of clue cells in direct stained smear

Vaginal discharge with a cottage cheese appearance

Frothy and yellow-green in colour vaginal discharge

Which of the resistance phenotypes refers to S. aureus MSSA and MLSb positive: Select one:

Susceptible to cloxacillin, resistant to rifampin

Susceptible to cloxacillin, resistant to erythromycin

Resistant to beta-lactams (with exclusion of ceftaroline), resistant to macrolides

Resistant to cloxacillin, susceptible to clindamycin

Susceptible to all beta lactams, susceptible to macrolides

Poliovirus infection is caused by: Select one:

Oncogenic DNA virus

Non - oncogenic DNA virus

Non - oncogenic RNA virus

An oncogenic RNA virus

Defective RNA virus

Non-suppurative complications following streptococcal pharyngitis include: Select one:

Peptic ulcers

Erythema nodosum

Pyelonephritis

Gastroenteritis

Pontiac fever

Herpangina:

Is caused by Herpesviridae

Vesicular ulcerated lesions around the soft palate and uvula are the classic clinical findings.

Is caused by DNA viruses

Infection is most commonly self-limiting.

Is caused by several types of Coxackie A viruses.

Active efflux of antimicrobial agent from bacterial cell determines the resistance to: Select one:

Aminoglycosides and rifampin

Penicillin

Cephalosporins

Macrolides and tetracycline

Sulphonamides

Which of the following viruses binds to C3d complement receptor (CR2/CD21): Select one:

Human parvovirus B19

EBV

Polio

HHV - 1

HIV

Choose correct statement/s regarding pneumonia:

Atypical pneumonia casued by mycoplasma pneumoniae is more common in school age children and predmoniated during fall

Lobar pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae is mainly confirmed in patients with non- specific cellular and humoral immunodeficiencies.

Interstitial viral pneumonia in adults is caused mainly by Orthomyxoviridae and is more common during the winter.

Treatment options of pneumonia caused by Legionella pneumophila include use of ceftriaxone.

Fungal pneumonia caused by Candida is most commonly exogenous.

Virulence factors that facilitates bacterial colonization include:

. Biofilm formation

Coagulase production

Adhesive fimbriae

Toxins

Antimicrobial resistance

Choose incorrect statement regarding the diagnostic of Helicobacter pylori infections: Select one:

Treatment menagemnt includes I.a. Use of macrolides.

H. Pylori antiigen detection in stool sample is sensitive and specific metod

Urea breath test is noninvasive diagnostics method

. Evaluation of IgM and Ig G titers is useful in determination of the exacerbations of chronic gastritis.

Gastric biopsies cultured on artificial media requires incubation in microaerophilic conditions

Choose the clinical specimen in which, in routine diagnostic, the presence of SARS-CoV2 is confirmed:

Stool

Nasopharyngeal swab

Blood

CSF

Urine

Invasive aspergillosis:

Indicates mostly patients with complement deficiencies.

Is associated with neutropenia and impaired phagocytic cells function.

Voriconazole and amphotericin B are used in treatment.

Aspergillus fumigatus is its main etiological agent

The respiratory tract is the main gate of entry of aspergillus

Which of the following statements refer to Gram-negative CPE-NDM strains: Select one:

Are an alert pathogens which transmission requires strict sanitary management in health-care facilities.

Are susceptible to carbapenems

Are mostly the cause of infections within ambulatory patients.

Treatment management of infections includes glycopeptides.

Produces mainly A class of carbapenemases

Anatoxin is used in immunoprohylaxis of infections caused by: Select one:

Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Clostridium tetatni

Salmonella Typhi, Vibrio cholerae

Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Streptococcus pneumoniae

Vibrio cholerae, Neisseria meningitidis

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Haemophilus influenza

Variola and Molluscum contagiosum viruses are the representatives of: Select one:

Filoviridae

Flaviviridae

Togaviridae

Poxyviridae

Bunyaviridae

Echinocandins: Select one:

Inhibition of fungal cell membrane 1,3 – β-glucan synthesis

Are not active against Candida glabrata and Candida krusei

Are active against Cryptococcus neoformans

Inhibition of fungal cell wall 1,3 – β-glucan synthesis

Binds to ergosterol causing direct oxidative membrane demage

Choose an etiological agent of aseptic (non-purulent) meningitis: Select one:

Haemophilus influenzae

Streptococcus pneumonia

Borrelia burgdoferi

E. coli

S. aureus

COVID-19 vaccines (developed so far) are composed of:

Viral capsid

Whole viral genome

MRNA

Adenovirus vector

Poxyvirus vector

Choose incorrect statement: Select one:

Viridans streptococci colonie the oropharynx

Nocardia asteroides is an example of bacterium responsible for an opportunistic infections

Acinetobacter baumanii is an important etiological agent of exogenous hospital aqcuired ventilator associated pneumonia

Streptococcus pyogenes is involved in pathogenesis of necrotizing fasciitis.

Kingella kingae is the leading cause of surgical site infections.

Hvilket bacteria dreper micro exam onsdag 7 juni 2023

T. Bacher

I. Flandorferi

J.blomst

E. fanebusti

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