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Immunology

A colorful infographic illustrating the immune system, highlighting key cells and their fun<wbr>ctions, with a background of different viruses and bacteria being targeted by antibodies.

Immunology Challenge: Test Your Knowledge!

Welcome to the Immunology Quiz! This engaging and informative quiz is designed to assess your understanding of immunological concepts and their applications in health and disease.

Whether you're a student, educator, or simply interested in immunology, this quiz will help you:

Test your knowledge of immune responses
Explore vital topics like HIV transmission and vaccination
Enhance your understanding of critical immunological terms and phenomena

100 Questions25 MinutesCreated by LearningLynx42

Which of the following answers is true? Anti-viral immune response

Interferon protects neighboring cells

Cytotoxic T-cell kills via MHC-peptide recognition

Natural killer cell kills via MHC-loss recognition

Antibody blocks entry to cells

All answers are correct

What is the cytotoxic T-cells produce?

Class II MHCs

Self proteins

Antibodies, which make holes in cell membranes of infected cells

Perforin, which makes holes in cell membrane of infected cells

All answers are correct

Foreign substances that elicit an immune response are termed

Aliens

Antigens

Antibodies

Viruses

Bacteria

Macrophage secrete…………………..which then activates……………………

Antibodies; helper T cells

Interleukin1; cytotoxic T cells

Interleukin1; helper T cells

Interleukin2; cytotoxic T cells

Interleukin2; helper T cells

Macrophage activation to kill intracellular pathogens is primarily mediated by :

IL-2

IFN Gama

IL-4

GM-CSF

IL-12

Cytotoxic T cells which kill their targets

Are mostly CD4+

Act via perforin and granzyme B

Recognize glycolipids in the context of MHC class I molecules

Also secrete IL-4 and IL-5

All answers are correct

The antibody class found at highest concentration in serum is :

IgE

IgM

IgD

IgG

IgA

Natural killer cells recognize and kill

Normal host cells

Cells with increased expression of MHC-I molecules

Cells with decreased expression of MHC-I molecules

Intracellular pathogens

Via MHC-peptide

Which of the following are phagocytic cells derived from monocytes

Neutrophils

Mast cells

Natural killer cells

Macrophage

Eosinophils

Th1-type cytokines tend to produce……………….responses responsible for killing…………………. Parasites and for perpetuating autoimmune responses.

The pro-inflammatory; extracellular

The anti-inflammatory; extracellular

The pro-inflammatory; intracellular

The anti-inflammatory; intracellular

Interleukins; intracellular

Untreated HIV infected infants will rapidly develop to AIDS, one of these is wrong :

Symptoms start early in infancy

Failure to thrive, chronic diarrhea, oral thrush

Severe pneumonia (pneumocystis/CMC)

Lymphadenopathy, Hepatosplenomegaly, Encephalopathy

Death in 9-10 years, if no ART

Which one is wrong concerning to Mother-to-child HIV1 Transmission (MTCT)?

In utero: 5-10%

Intrapartum: 10-20%

Intrapartum: 15-25%

Breast milk: 10-20%

All answer are correct

Which out of the following is a preferred mode of transmission of HIV infection from mother to child?

During pregnancy through placenta

During delivery through mixing of blood

Infant contact with amniotic fluid, cervicovaginal secretions

Through breast milk during lactation

All answers are correct

What is the risk factor of Mother-to-child HIV transmission postpartum?

Breast feeding

High maternal viral load

Colostrum, mastitis, nipple lesions and breast abscess

Prolonged breast feeding

All answers are correct

The principles preventions of Mother-to-child HIV transmission are described below, one is wrong :

Universal prenatal HIV screening

Maximal reduction of maternal viral load (VL) by ART below limit of detection throughout pregnancy

Normal delivery

Infant ARV post-exposure prophylaxis

Neonatal replacement feeding (No breastfeeding)

All of the following except one is not in a group of Non Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTI) :

Efavirenz (EFV)

Nevirapine (NVP)

Delavirdine (DLV)

Etravirine (ETR)

Maraviroc (MRC)

All of the following except one is the intergrase inhibitor :

Raltegravir

Maraviroc

Enfuvirtide

Lamivudine

Ritonavir

Which drug is given to prevent HIV transmission from mother to child?

Nevirapine

Lamivudine

Stavudine

Abacavir

Enfuvirtide

All of the following except one is CD4 cells :

Monocytes

T-helper cells

T-Cytotoxic cells

Macrophages

Natural killers

The specific binding of HIV to the CD4 surface molecules of the host cell membrane is brought about by :

Gp 120

Gp 41

P32

P17

P55

Which vaccine is given to the child at the age of 1?

Polio

Hepatitis B

MMR

Varicella

JEV

All of the following is an example of a killed vaccine except :

DTaP

Haemophilus

Polio

JEV

Hep B

All of the following except which one is not a live vaccine for encephalitis?

JEV

Measles

Rubella

Pneumonia

All answer are correct

Which one does not cause an infection of the measles?

Microcephaly

Periventricular calcification

Cataract

Glaucoma

Microcephaly, periventricular calcification, and cataract

Which of the following transmits Japanese encephalitis to dead-end hosts?

Swine (pigs)

Contact in rice fields

Ducks

Mosquitos

Other people

Which of the following describes the safety of a live attenuated JE chimeric vaccine?

Fever in only 5% of vaccines

Low level viraemia in only 5/300 vaccines asymptomatic

No replication after feeding vaccine virus to culex

Humans are therefore “dead-end” of vaccine infection

All answers are correct

Which could be a risk from MMR vaccines?

Soreness where the shot injection was given

Fever

Mild rash

Swollen neck gland

All answers are correct

When should an infant be given a measles vaccination?

Over 12 months of age

Under 12 months of age

Between 12-18 months of age

Over 18 months of age

Over 6 months of age

According to its epidemiology which group is at risk for Rubella?

Vaccinated young women

Infants under the age of 1

Non-vaccinated children

Vaccinated children

Non-vaccinated young women

All relate to the aims of a rubella vaccination except :

Late vaccination for young women during postpartum

An attempt to eradicate the virus's circulation for boys

Early vaccination to prevent embryopathy

Vaccination for young women during consultation

Decrease of virus circulation for young men

Which of the following is the vector for Dengue fever?

Lutzomyia verrucarum

Phlebotomus papatasii

Xenopsylla cheopis

Aedes aegypti

Culex mosquito

Types of dengue serotypes are?

Dengue Hemorrhagic fever is caused by

Type 1 dengue virus

Reinfection with the same serotype of dengue virus

Reinfection with a different serotype of dengue virus

Infection in an immunocompromised host

An illness is caused by a Alphavirus

How many times should get dengue vaccine?

1 times

2 times

3 times

4 times

5 times

Dengue shock syndrome is characterized by the following except :

Hepatomegaly

Pleural effusion

Thrombocytopenia

Decreased haemoglobin

Signs of circulation failure

Most sensitive diagnostic test for dengue is?

Complement fixation test

IgM ELISA

Electron microscopy

Neutralization test

Tissue culture

In order to confirm the diagnosis of Dengue fever which of the following serological findings would be found?

IgM after a slow initial rise will persist for life

After a primary infection IgG persists for life

IgG is found in 80% of patients by the fifth day

A fourfold rise of IgG titre is presumptive evidence of infection

IgM after a fast initial rise will persist for life

Which of the following concerning management of dengue fever is NOT true?

Monitoring of hematocrit and platelet count is crucial

No specific antivirals is available for treatment of dengue fever

Hospitalization may not be necessary for patients without warning signs of severe dengue infection

Thick and thin smear of peripheral blood is the main diagnostic tool for dengue fever infection

If the clinical parameters are worsening and hematocrit is rising, increase the rate of infusion

Dengue vaccine is :

Live attenuated vaccine

Inactivated/killed vaccine

Tosoid vaccine

Subunit vaccine

Conjugate vaccine

Features of classic dengue fever includes all except :

Case fatality rate is low

Self-limiting disease

Also known as break bone fever

Tourniquet test is positive

Flu-like febrile illness with marked myalgia and joint pains

Group of proteins that promote inflammation, phagocytosis, and lysis

Complement

Antigen

Interferon

Plasma cell

B cell

The two cell types that promote inflammation are :

Eosinophils and basophils

Eosinophils and mast cells

Basophils and eosinophils

Basophils and mast cells

Neutrophils and eosinophils

Molecule that stimulates specific resistance

Plasma cell

Platelet

Antibody

Antigen

Complement

Divides to form plasma cell and memory cell

T cell

Complement

Interferon

B cell

Mastocyte

Site of lymphocyte processing and maturation

Spleen

Chyle

Thymus

Lymph node

Liver

The type of immunity in which the response to a second exposure to an antigen in faster and more effective than the response to the first exposure is

Specific immunity

Non specific immunity

Active artificial immunity

Non specific immunity and active artificial immunity

Non artificial immunity

Lyses virus infected cell, tumor cells, and transplanted cells

Interferon

Antigen

B cell

Cytotoxic T cell

Interferon and antigen

Area of rapidly dividing lymphocyte

Lymph node

Chyle

Lymph vessel

Lymph capillary

Germinal center

Antisera produce this kind of immunity

Active artificial immunity

Active natural immunity

Passive natural immunity

Passive artificial immunity

Active artificial and active natural immunity

The inflammatory response cause by – Except :

Vasodilation

Attack phagocyte

Increase vascular permeability

Histamine and prostaglandins released

Vasoconstriction

Which bacterias can be opsonized IgG Antibodies?

H. influenzae(Hib), Pneumococi, Meningococi

H. influenzae(Hib), Staphylococi, Pneumococi

H. influenzae(Hib), BK, Pneumococi

Pneumococi, Staphylococi , Meningococi

Pseudomonase, Staphylococi , Meningococi

Which of these following is the peak of H. influenza (Hib) meningitis?

7-12 months

12-24 months

3-4 years

>5 years

<5 years

Which of these following is the sequelae of H. influenza (Hib) meningitis?

No sequelae

50% auditif disorder, Central Nervous System (CNS) problem

70% auditif disorder, Central Nervous System (CNS) problem

30% auditif disorder, Central Nervous System (CNS) problem

>10% Mortality

Which of these following is the peak of epiglottitis attacked by H. influenzae(Hib)?

7-12 months

2-7 months

3-4 years

5-6 years

>6 years

Which of these following is the efficacy of H. influenza (Hib) meningitis vaccine after primary vaccination and booster?

100%

95%

90%

80%

50%

Which of these following is the most incidence of Pneumococi meningitis?

<5 year and sequelae 25-35%

<2 year and sequelae 25-35%

<1 year and sequelae 50%

7-12 months and sequelae 30%

3-4 years and sequelae 30%

Which of these following is the efficacy in healthy individuals of Pneumococcal conjugated vaccination after primary vaccination and booster PCV7(Pneumococcal conjugated vaccination)?

Menigitis 95% and Pneumonias 70%

Menigitis 90% and Pneumonias 70%

Menigitis 70% and Pneumonias 95%

Menigitis 90% and Pneumonias 90%

Menigitis 95% and Pneumonias 90%

Which of these following is the efficacy in healthy children of meningococcal type C Conjugated vaccination?

98%

95%

90%

80%

70%

Meningococcal type C conjugated vaccination :

Protect only against meningococci type C (not type B)

Protect against meningococci type C and B, till now no increase of meningococci type B

Increase coloniisation of vaccination

Only for special risk group

Severe sequelae 50%

Which of these following is the peak of meningococcal meningitis?

1-4 years and 15-19 years

1-4 years

3-4 years

15-19 years

>15 years

An important role in the protective immune response against tuberculosis is :

Cytokine interferon gamma (IFN gamma)

Tumors necrosis factor alpha(TNF alpha)

Interleukines 2

Intrleukines 12

All answer are correct

Primary TB infected in :

Lung

Stomach

Skin

Ear

Spleen

. Severse form of extra pulmonary TB in children :

Meningitis

Pott disease

Lymph node TB

Miliary TB

All answers are correct

Evolution of stage 2 in TB infected :

Inactive TB, Latentcy TB, Active TB

Inactive TB

Latent TB

Active TB

Inactive TB, Active TB

In Immune resconstitution inflammatory syndrome(IRIS) happen :

With any ART initiation, especially in PLHIV (people living with HIV) presenting with very low CD4 count

With any ART latentcy

Very high CD4 count

With any ART latentcy, especially in PLHIV presenting with very high CD4

With any ART latentcy, especially in PLHIV presenting with very low CD4

Serum cytokine concentration in immune reconstitution inflammatory(IRIS) in TB patient is :

IFN(interferon)gamma increase

IFN gamma unchanged

IFN gamma decrease

IFN gamma unchanged and decrease

All answer are correct

Serum cytokine concentration in immune reconstitution inflammatory(IRIS) in TB patient :

TNF(tumor necrosis factor) increase

TNF unchanged

TNF decrease

TNF unchanged and decrease

All answers are correct

The main cause of TB :

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Bacillus

Streptococcus pyogen

Lactobacillus Reuter

Actinobacteria

Primary tuberculosis mean :

Individuals who have not been previously exposed to the organism

Previously exposed to organism

Seen in adult

Second complex is characteristic

Seen in adult and second complex

In 2 to 4 weeks after TB infected two host response develop:

Tissue damaging response and macrophage activating response

Macrophage inactivating

Tissue damaging in response and Macrophage Inactivating

B cell activating

All answer are correct

BCG vaccination is administered to children

Intradermically

Subcutaneous

Intramuscularly

Orally

Intravenously

BCG vaccine is generally indicated in :

Immuno-compromised person

HIV positive people

Asplenia

Those with negative Mantoux test who work with high risk people

Patient with immunosuppressive therapy

After BCG vaccination in the blood sample, the quantity of Cytokine interferon ( IFN ) gamma is :

Increased

Decreased

Unchanged

Undetectable

Increased then suddenly decreased

How many biomarkers that were measured in blood assay after BCG vaccination :

BCG vaccination is :

Live Attenuated vaccine

Inactivated/kill vaccine

Toxoid (inactivated toxin) vaccine

Subunit vaccine

Conjugate vaccine

BCG immunotherapy can be used in :

Melanoma cancer

Colon cancer

Breast cancer

Bone cancer

Stomach cancer

Which one is BCG-specific CD4 T-cell response in whole blood?

Interferon gamma (IFN gamma)

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha)

Interleukins 2 (IL-2)

Interleukins 17 (IL-17)

All answers are correct

It is preferable to do prior Mantoux test if BCG is given :

As soon as after birth

After 15days of life

After 1 month of life

After 2 month of life

After 6 month of life

After systemic vaccination, BCG microorganisms were found in all these organs except :

Spleen

Liver

Lung

Mesenteric lymph node

Blood cell

The serious and severe form of TB is likely to be existed in which group of children?

Children younger than 3 or 5 years of age

5-7 years old

7-10 years old

10-13 years old

13-15 years old

Poor skin tests to a range of microbial antigens such as tuberculin and mumps indicate a deficiency of :

NK cells

T-cells

B-cells

Phagocytosis

Opsonization

Primary immunodeficiency producing susceptibility to infection by viruses and molds is due to :

B-cell deficiency

T-cell deficiency

Phagocyte deficiency

Complement deficiency

Eosinophil deficiency

Which of the following have not provided examples of secondary immunodeficiency :

Viral infection

Lymphoproliferative disorders

Cytotoxic drugs

High fat diet

Low iron diet

Terminal differentiation of mature B cells to plasma cells is blocked

Immunodeficiency

Hyper-IgM syndrome

Common variable immunodeficiency

Immunoglobulin G subclass deficiency

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome

Which of these following is live vaccine?

Hib ( hemophilus influenza)

Hepatitis B vaccine

Human papilloma virus vaccine

Hepatitis vaccine

BCG vaccine

Which of these following is use for anti-microbial prophylaxis in severe B cell defects?

Azitromicine

Cefuroxim

Itrazonazole

Trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole

Ofloxacine

Which of these following is not the severe manifestation in immunodeficiency disorder?

Mucocutaneous candidiasis

BCG sepsis

Lymphopenia (<2000/ul in infant )

Pneumocystis

Bronchiolitis

All of the following are considered primary immunodeficiency (PID) except which one?

Humoral immune : affect B cells or antibodies

T cell deficiency : affect T cells

Granulocyte deficiency : affect neutrophil granulocytes

Asplenia : affect spleen

Platelet deficiency

Child with T cell deficiency could be vaccinated all the following vaccines except which one?

Influenza

HEPATITIS A

HPV (Human papillomavirus)

Conjug PNEUMO

MEASLES

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is in which of the following?

Humoral immune deficiency : affect B cells or antibodies

T cell deficiency : affect T cells

Granulocyte deficiency : affect neutrophil granulocytes

Asplenia : affect spleen

Complement deficiency

Graft vers Hot disease result when the recipients lack or has poor immune systems and the donor organ and recipient express

HLA (Human leucocyte antigen)

T-cell

Antibodies

Auto-antibodies

Interleukin

A gammagolobulinemia is an immunodeficiency disease du to deficiency

T cell

MHC (Major histocompatibility complex)

Ig E

Cytokine

B cell

Which of the following bind to mast cells and cross- link result in degranulation and release of histamine

Ig M

Ig A

Ig G

Interleukin

Ig E

Pregnancy test defects the presence of the following

Human chorionic gonadotropin ( HCG)

Fetal protein

Agglutination

Deparation factor

Primary immunodeficiency:

Are frequent in low income countries

Affect only the adaptive immune system

Can be caused by infection with HIV

Are the result of the single gene defects in immune function

Persistent immune over activation leading to apoptosis

Defect in the production of, or response to interferon primarily result in :

Increases susceptibility to intracellular pathogens such as mycobacterium

Increased susceptibility to viruses

Autoimmunity

Neutropenia

Immunodeficiency

Chronic granulomatous disease primarily affects

Recruitment of neutrophils

T cell activations

The ability to kill pathogens via the respiratory burst

Susceptibility to virus

Over production of regulations T cell

All of the following are immunodeficiency diseases expected :

Graves' disease

SCID (Severe combined immunodeficiency)

DiGeorg's syndrome

Hyper Ig M syndrome

AIDS

Severe combined immunodeficiency primary affects

Macrophages mast cell and T cell

T cell only

T cell and dendritic cells

T cell, B cell and in some cause NK cells

T cell and B cell

A major risk of gene therapy for reconstitution of immune deficiency in T cell is :

Leukemia due to the aberration insertion of retroviruses vector

Poor reconstitution efficacy

Rejection of the engrafftes cells

Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndromes

Over production of regulatory T cells

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