Medical Immunology MCQ

An engaging educational image depicting the human immune system interactions with various pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi, incorporating visual elements like antibodies, T-cells, and macrophages.

Medical Immunology Mastery Quiz

Test your knowledge and understanding of medical immunology with this comprehensive quiz consisting of 22 carefully crafted questions. Dive into topics ranging from allergies to autoimmune diseases, phagocytes to phagocytosis, and learn how well you grasp the complex interactions of the immune system.

Perfect for students or professionals in the field of immunology, this quiz addresses key concepts through multiple-choice questions. Topics include:

Hypersensitivity Responses
Phagocyte Function
Autoimmunity Mechanisms
Intracellular Pathogen Responses
Transplant Immunology

22 Questions6 MinutesCreated by LearningEagle455

Concerning allergy

Type IV hypersensitivity is mainly caused by T cell mediated responses

Anaphylaxis is normally caused by type IV hypersensitivity reactions

Chronic asthma is caused by mast cells

The main physiological role of IgE is to target bacterial infections

Excessive Th2 responses cause diseases such as inflammatory bowel diseases and multiple sclerosis

Concerning phagocytes:

They are one of the most important cells in defence against fungal infections

After activation they are able to secrete IgE

Make use of both oxidative and non-oxidative mechanisms to kill extracellular pathogens

Are numerically and functionally normal during neutropenia

Have their activity enhanced by chemotherapeutic agents used to treat leukaemia

Which of the following statements are true and which are false:

A Th1 response during viral infection is likely to lead to clearance of infection and clinical recovery

A Th2 response during fungal infections is likely to lead to clearance of infection and clinical recovery

Th17 cells play no role in inflammation

Glandular fever is characterised by a major influx of monocytes

CD8+ T cells are important secretors of IL-4

Which of the following statements are true and which are false:

CD8 T cells are crucial for a strong response against extra cellular pathogens

Ficollins, collectins, complement and cathelicidins and IFN-γ are all soluble mediators with important role in defence against extracellular pathogens

Th17 immunity is important in the clearance of extracellular fungi and bacteria

Bacterial super antigens cross link MHC and T cell receptors

Helicobacter pylori are the primary cause of stomach ulcers

Concerning Lupus erythematosus:

A typical finding in systematic lupus erythematosus patients is a high titre of autoantibodies directed against nuclear antigens (ANA)

Skin symptoms are frequently observable in this condition

Involvement of the kidneys is potentially life threatening

One pathogenic mechanism triggering the disease is believed to be a defect in clearance of apoptotic cells

UV light is a well described trigger which can initiate inflammatory responses in lupus patients

Which of the following mechanisms are believed to play a role in the development of autoimmunity?

Concerning intracellular immune response:

Th2 helper cells are required to fully activate macrophages

Dendritic cells display antigens to naïve T cells in the lymph nodes

CD4 cells provide IL-2 to medicate CD8 cell proliferation

NK cells can target infected cells that increase expression of cell surface MHCI

Fungi are obligate intracellular parasites

With reference to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections, which are of the following are correct?

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is an acid fast bacillus

Mycobacterium tuberculosis infects humans via the respiratory route

Antigen presenting cells are infected by Mycobacterium tuberculosis

During a Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, dendritic cells migrate to the nearest draining lymph node to activate NK cells

A granuloma is formed if the host immune system is unable to clear a Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection

Concerning hypersensitivity:

Type II hypersensitivity is mainly mediated through excess IgE

Eosinophils are the main cause of the immediate “wheal and flare” reaction

Coeliac disease is mainly caused by histamine derived from mast cells

Atopy describes an increased propensity to generate an IgE response

The Th1 response is a major component of airway remodelling in asthma

Stages of malaria infection that provoke an immune response are:

Sporozites following mosquito infection

Parasites within hepatocytes in liver

Extracellular merozoites

Ring-stage trophozoites within red blood cells

Ookinete extracellular sexual stages

When compared to immature dendritic cells, mature dendritic cells have high levels of:

Concerning Epstein Barr virus (EBV):

EBV is a herpes virus

EBV undergoes both lytic and latent lifecycle

EBV infects T lymphocytes

Expression of EBV latent proteins can transform latently infected cells

Burkitt’s lymphoma is associated with EBV infection

Which of the following are primarily considered to be extracellular pathogens:

Concerning T helper cells:

T helper cells are mainly CD8 positive

Th1 cells produce IFNγ

Th2 cells help the humoral antibody response

Th17 cells are mainly involved in the inflammatory response towards extracellular pathogens

Foxp3 is the main transcription factor involved in the Th1 differentiation

Concerning extracellular pathogens:

Eosinophils are mainly activate in neutralising blood borne viruses

LPS is a super antigen

Super antigens activate all B cells through cross linking B cell receptors

Dectin-1 is the main receptor against malarial parasites

Collectins and ficolins are soluble pattern recognition receptors

Which of the following are issues with organ/tissue transplants?

Graft rejection occurs because of:

Recognition of donor MHC class I or II molecules

The presence of pre-existing alloantibodies

Reliable MHC crossmatching

The use of immunosuppressive drugs

Incorrect blood group crossmatching

Which of the following are TRUE for corticosteroid drugs?

They are powerful anti-inflammatories

They are synthetic analogues of cortisol

They exclusively down-regulate gene expression

They reduce the inflammation caused by cytokines

They increase adhesion molecule expression on epithelial cells

Which of the following are NOT true of cytotoxic immunosuppressive drugs?

They interfere with DNA synthesis

They cause damage to the intestinal epithelium, hair loss and foetal damage

Mycophenolate alkylates DNA

Cyclophosphamide is less cytotoxic than azithiprine and mycophenolate

Cyclophosphamide was developed as a chemical weapon originally

Which of the following are TRUE for the mechanism of action of cyclosporin A and tacrolimus?

They bind to different groups of immunophilins

The immunophilin: drug complex activates Ca2+ activated calcineurin

Calcineurin is activated by T cells when intracellular Ca2+ levels decrease after T cell receptor binding

Both cyclosporin A:cyclophilin and tacrolimus:FK binding protein complexes bind to calcineurin

Cyclosporin A and tacrolimus block activation of NFATc

Which of the following are NOT true for biologics in the suppression of autoimmune disease?

Biologics include the use of cell, antibodies, cytokines and peptides

One of the most successful uses of biologics has been the use of anti-TNF-a antibodies in the treatment of RA

Antibodies against other cytokines e.g. IL-8 are now being used to treat RA

Etanercept is an anti-IL-1 therapy for treatment of RA

Infliximab is a monoclonal antibody that binds TNF-a

Which of the following also cause immunosuppression?

Infection with M. Leprae, measles

Trauma, burns, major surgery

Good levels of nutrition

HIV infection

Infections promoting the switch from TH2 to TH1 type cytokines

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