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Nutrition

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Nutrition Knowledge Quiz

Test your knowledge about nutrition and the factors that influence it with our engaging quiz! This quiz covers a range of topics related to nutrition, metabolism, and the digestive system.

Assess your understanding of kilocalories and body weight.
Explore the roles of different nutrients and their importance.
Learn about the biological functions of enzymes and microflora.

100 Questions25 MinutesCreated by EatingWisdom42

Increase in consumption of which of the following has the greatest effect on an increase in body weight?

Carbohydrate intake

Protein intake

Fat intake

Kilocalorie intake

Each is true regarding weight maintenance, except one. Which is the exception?

1600 to 2400 kcal are recommended for adult women.

2000 to 3000 kcal are recommended for adult men

Kilocalories from alcohol do not count because they are expended rapidly.

A patient needing 2000 kcal/day should limit saturated fat intake to 20 g or less

A kilocalorie is the heat equivalent of how many calories?

100

1000

10000

Each nutrient provides energy, except one. Which is the exception?

Proteins

Carbohydrates

Fats

Vitamins

Alcohol

Which nutrient is the most important?

Protein

Carbohydrate

Minerals

Water

Each daily reference value (DRV) is correct, except one. Which is the exception?

Protein: 50 g

Carbohydrate: 300g

Total fat: <65 g

Sodium: <2400 mg

Fiber: 50 g

Each is true regarding body weight in relation to height, except one. Which is the exception?

Currently, the body mass index (BMI) is the preferred method of defining body weight in relation to height.

BMI is determined mathematically by first dividing weight by height, dividing this number by height again, and multiplying this number by 703.

Chronic disease risk increases in most people with a BMI greater than 25

BMI reveals significant details about overall body composition.

Each is a major area of biochemistry, except one. Which is the exception?

Structure

Function

Metabolism

Bioinformation

The biological function that plants use to make the carbohydrate animals can use for energy and oxygen is called:

Oxidation–reduction.

Condensation

Hydrolysis.

Photosynthesis.

Which is NOT a classification of carbohydrate?

Monosaccharides

Disaccharides

Polysaccharides

Triglycerides

Which function has the least priority for protein?

Energy storage

Providing structure

Muscle contraction

Catalyzing reactions

Regulating metabolism

Enzymes perform all the chemical reactions of metabolism involving degradation and biosynthesis of biomolecules required for life. Proteases, amylases, and lipases are enzymes.

Both statements are true

Both statements are false.

The first statement is true; the second is false.

The first statement is false; the second is true.

Cholesterol is the precursor of steroid hormones, bile acids, and the lipidsoluble vitamin D.

True

False

During the Krebs cycle, complete aerobic oxidation of glucose (C16 H12 O6 ) produces each of the following, except one. Which is the exception?

CO2

H2O

ATP

Amino Acids

Each is true of lipids, except one. Which is the exception?

The catabolism of lipids is a major source of energy for the body.

Lipids can by oxidized to produce more energy than carbohydrates or proteins.

The hydrophilic nature of lipids make them retain water.

Lipids can be stored in adipose tissue in unlimited amounts

Each is a portion of the alimentary canal, except one. Which is the exception?

Oral cavity

Pharynx

Larynx

Esophagus

Small intestine

Loss of smell results in a condition that limits capacity to detect flavor of food and beverages called

Hypergeusia.

Dysgeusia.

Anosmia.

Phantom taste

Peristalsis

During peristalsis, doorlike mechanisms called valves or sphincter muscles perform all of the following functions, except one. Which is the exception?

Retain food in each segment until mechanical actions is complete.

Allow measured amount of food to pass to next segment.

Synthesize dietary enzymes necessary for chemical digestion.

Prevent food from “backing up” into the preceding area.

Gustatory refers to smell, which is one of the three sensory perceptions that influence food choices.

True

False

Each descriptions of taste papillae is true, except one. Which is the exception?

Filiform papillae provide no sense of taste

Taste papillae appear on the tongue as large red spots or small bumps.

Taste papillae are most numerous on the dorsal epithelium of the tongue

Taste papillae replace themselves every 3 to 10 days.

Gustatory and olfactory disorders can result in the deterioration of a patient’s general condition or nutritional status. Potentially adverse compensatory habits can result from these disorders that can contribute to dental caries and systemic conditions.

Both the statement and the reason are correct and related

The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct.

The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.

Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.

Each is a function of saliva, except one. Which is the exception?

Saliva is essential to gustatory sensations.

Saliva lubricates oral tissues.

Saliva provides antibacterial action.

Saliva buffers bacterial acids.

Saliva extracts calcium and phosphate from demineralized tooth surfaces.

Demineralization of enamel is a result of the acids that are produced by fermentable carbohydrates combining with acidogenic bacteria.

True

False

Hydrolysis of a starch begins in the oral cavity by which enzyme?

Salivary amylase

Protease

Pancreatic amylase

Sucrase

The accessory organs are the salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. The role of accessory organs is to store foodstuffs during the digestive process

Both statements are true.

Both statements are false.

The first statement is true; the second is false.

The first statement is false; the second is true.

An adult stomach functions as a reservoir to hold an average meal for 6 to 8 hours. The rate of passage through the stomach (fastest to slowest) is liquids, carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.

Both statements are true

Both statements are false.

The first statement is true; the second is false.

The first statement is false; the second is true

Most absorption of nutrients occurs in the stomach because the gastric juices secreted by the stomach effectively hydrolyze and prepare nutrients for absorption.

True

False

Osmosis is the passage of water through a semipermeable membrane to equalize osmotic pressure exerted by ions in solutions.

True

False

Most nutrients are absorbed in the small intestine. The large intestine reabsorbs water and electrolytes and forms a residue called feces.

Both statements are true.

Both statements are false.

The first statement is true; the second is false.

The first statement is false; the second is true

Each is true of microflora within the colon, except one. Which is the exception?

Approximately 50 different species of microorganisms compose the microflora.

Microflora break down substances that human enzymes are unable to digest.

Vitamin K and numerous B vitamins are synthesized by the microflora

Microflora inhibit pathogenic bacteria.

Bile is produced and secreted by the liver and stored in the ______________________.

Kidneys

Stomach

Pancreas

Gallbladder

Each is true of carbohydrate digestion, except one. Which is the exception?

Digestion begins in the oral cavity with salivary amylase.

Hydrolysis of carbohydrates begin in the mouth.

Xerostomia increases digestive function.

The total elimination of sweets from our diet is unrealistic. The best advice includes consuming sugar in moderation and limiting the frequency of sugar exposure.

Both statements are true.

Both statements are false.

The first statement is true; the second is false

The first statement is false; the second is true.

The most significant dietary influence on the development of dental caries is:

Carbohydrates

Vitamins.

Fats

Proteins.

Each is true of polysaccharides, except one. Which is the exception?

They are complex carbohydrates.

They contain more than 10 monosaccharides.

Cooking decreases the digestive process of some polysaccharides.

Some polysaccharides have a role in energy storage.

Which monosaccharide is the most sweet?

Glucose

Dextrose

Fructose

Sucrose

Xylitol has anticariogenic benefits because oral bacteria lack the enzymes to ferment it; not all sugar alcohols have this attribute.

True

False

Which consumption pattern of fermentable carbohydrate is considered most cariogenic?

A single exposure to a large quantity

A single exposure to a small quantity

Multiple exposures of small quantities

Multiple exposures followed by chewing sugarless gum

The principal role of absorbed sugar (glucose) is to:

Encourage the growth of bacteria.

Accelerate gastrointestinal motility.

Provide energy for body functions.

Lipogenesis.

Complex carbohydrates contain more than 10 monosaccharides. Complex carbohydrates are also called _________________________.

Monosaccharides

Disaccharides

Polysaccharides

Triglycerides

As the frequency of fermentable carbohydrate intake increases, the pH of plaque decreases. A fermentable carbohydrate that can reduce salivary pH to less than 7.5 is considered cariogenic.

Both statements are true.

Both statements are false.

The first statement is true; the second is false

The first statement is false; the second is true.

Each nonnutritive sweetener can be recommended to patients with phenylketonuria (PKU), except one. Which one is the exception?

Cyclamate

Acesulfame-K

Saccharine

Aspartame (nutrasweet)

Sucralose

Which animal-derived food contains the most significant level of carbohydrates?

Egg

Beef

Milk

Poultry

Each would be a good source of soluble fiber to recommend to a patient with diarrhea, except one. Which is the exception?

Bran

Apples

Ripe bananas

Legumes

Each is associated with increased dental erosion, except one. Which is the exception?

Frequent consumption of acidic beverages

Increased salivary flow

Prolonged holding of food in the mouth

Mouth breathing

Which snacks would the best choice for a dental hygienist to recommend to reduce the risk of dental caries?

Peanut butter and crackers

Cheese cubes

Caramel candy

Raisins

For individuals with diabetes, a blood glucose level before meals that is greater than 130 mg/dL is considered hypoglycemic. A blood glucose level that is less than 70 mg/dL is hyperglycemia.

Both statements are true.

Both statements are false.

The first statement is true; the second is false.

The first statement is false; the second is true.

The type of vegetarian most at risk for nutrient deficiencies is the:

Vegan.

Lacto-ovo vegetarian.

Ovo-vegetarian.

Pollo-vegetarian.

Semi-vegetarian.

The substance that is most supportive of bones and teeth is:

Hemoglobin.

Collagen.

Insulin.

Pepsin.

Indispensable amino acids are essential for the body and must be obtained from the diet. Dispensable amino acids are also essential for the body, however, are not required in the diet because they can be produced from indispensable amino acids.

Both statements are true.

Both statements are false.

The first statement is true; the second is false.

The first statement is false; the second is true.

An edentulous patient dislikes eating meat. What substitutions could the dental hygienist suggest to provide the most protein intake?

Milk

Grains

Fruits

Vegetables

Each statement regarding protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) is true, except one. Which is the exception?

PEM is usually accompanied by other nutritional deficiencies.

PEM affects the whole body.

PEM during prenatal and postnatal stages can be reversed through proper nutrition during early childhood.

PEM can be caused by impaired digestion or absorption of protein

Each is a characteristic manifestation of necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (NUG), except one. Which is the exception?

Gingival erythema

Necrosis of interdental papilla

Marasmus

Metallic taste and foul odor

Patients with periodontal disease might require increased protein intake because the physiologic response to inflammation and infection can negatively affect protein synthesis.

True

False

In patients with liver and kidney disease, increased levels of protein are recommended because these organs require continual cellular and tissue rebuilding that only protein can provide.

True

False

Lipids provide more energy per gram than carbohydrates or proteins.

True

False

Excess dietary carbohydrates and protein are converted to fat and stored in adipose tissue.

True

False

Hydrogenation results in naturally unsaturated vegetable oils being changed to saturated fatty acids (SFAs).

True

False

Which is NOT a component of a lipoprotein?

Linoleic acid

Triglycerides

Phospholipids

Cholesterol

Which is NOT a recommendation in the Dietary Guidelines?

Consumption of SFAs and trans fats should be as low as possible

Less than 10% of kilocalories should come from saturated fats.

Replace saturated fats with monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats.

Substitute saturated fats with high carbohydrate foods.

Each is a true of cholesterol, except one. Which is the exception?

Cholesterol is a precursor of vitamin D.

Lipoproteins transport cholesterol in the blood.

Cholesterol intake is essential.

Cholesterol is a sterol derivative.

The best way for a patient without cardiovascular disease to increase consumption of omega-3 fatty acids is to:

Increase intake of oils from seeds.

Consume a variety of fish at least twice a week.

Limit intake of polyunsaturated fats.

Take fish oil supplements.

Stated in milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL), which optimal level is incorrect?

Total cholesterol should be less than 150.

Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) should be less than 100.

High-density lipoprotein (HDL) should be greater than 60.

Triglyceride should be less than 150

The macronutrients supplying physiologic energy are carbohydrate, protein, fat, and alcohol.

True

False

Hormones can stimulate or retard the functions of other cells. Hormones act as messengers that principally control different metabolic functions that affect growth and secretions.

Both statements are true.

Both statements are false.

The first statement is true; the second is false.

The first statement is false; the second is true.

During oxidation of triglycerides, 1 lb of fat results in 3500 kcal of energy.

True

False

For adults of all ages, one to two alcoholic drinks daily results in the lowest mortality rate because moderate alcohol consumption provides protective effects on the cardiovascular system.

True

False

Many patients gain weight after age 25 because the BMR increases and previous eating habits are maintained without decreasing activity.

True

False

Hunger is the physiologic drive to eat, whereas appetite is the desire to eat.

True

False

The thalamus gland, located in the center of the brain, is important in controlling hunger because it contains both a satiety and hunger center.

True

False

Each is a symptom of type 1 diabetes mellitus, except one. Which is the exception?

Polydipsia

Polyphagia

Polyuria

Ketoacidosis

Weight gain

Approximately 90% to 95% of Americans with diabetes have type 2 diabetes mellitus. This form of the disease results from insulin resistance.

Both statements are true.

Both statements are false.

The first statement is true; the second is false.

The first statement is false; the second is true.

Each is a fat-soluble vitamin, except one. Which is the exception?

Vitamin A

Vitamin C

Vitamin D

Vitamin K

Fat-soluble vitamins are different from water-soluble vitamins because the body is unable to store fat-soluble vitamins.

True

False

Each is true of water-soluble vitamins, except one. Which is the exception?

They have vital roles as enzymes.

They must be consumed daily

Vitamin C is a water-soluble vitamin.

The body stores very small amounts of water-soluble vitamins.

Each is a function of vitamin A, except one. Which is the exception?

Prevention of night blindness

Growth of soft tissues and bone

Important in blood clotting

Integrity of body openings and their linings

Which vitamin acts most like a hormone?

Ninety-eight percent of the milk in the United States is fortified with vitamin D because it is essential for absorption and use of both calcium and phosphorus.

True

False

Each correlation between vitamin D and sun exposure is accurate, except one. Which is the exception?

The body has the ability to produce adequate amounts of vitamin D from sunlight.

UV radiation penetrates uncovered skin and converts a precursor of vitamin D to vitamin D .

Sunscreen does not block the formation of vitamin D .

By the age of 70 years, the skin generally produces vitamin D at only half the level it did at the age of 20 years.

Each is true of vitamin K, except one. Which is the exception?

Vitamin K is produced in the gut

Vitamin K functions as a catalyst for synthesis of blood-clotting factors.

Vitamin K maintains prothrombin levels.

Vitamin K absorption increases with high levels of vitamin E supplementation.

Each is true of rickets, except one. Which is the exception?

Rickets is due to vitamin D deficiency in children usually ages 1-3

Rickets is caused by vitamin C deficiency.

Tachetic deformities such as bow legs or knock-knees develop.

A narrow and distorted chest occurs.

Each is true of osteomalacia, except one. Which is the exception?

Due to vitamin D deficiency in adults

Osteomalacia is characterized by decreased bone mineralization.

It can lead to deformities of the limbs, spine, thorax, and pelvis.

Oral manifestations include increased dental caries

The best source of phosphorus is:

Whole-grain products.

Fruits and vegetables.

Legumes.

Animal protein.

In which situation is fluoridated drinking water most likely to result in mild fluorosis?

1 ppm in a 4 year old

3 ppm in a 6 year old

8 ppm in a 7 year old

10 ppm in an 18 year old

10 ppm in an older adult

Mineralization of bone begins immediately after collagen formation.

True

False

The serum calcium-to-phosphorus ratio is an inverse relationship. If the calcium level increases, the phosphorus level will decrease to match this level.

True

False

During growth periods, the requirement for calcium is increased. Peak bone mass is achieved between the ages of 18-25.

True

False

Patients with achlorhydria (absence of hydrochloric acid in the stomach) might not absorb calcium supplements on an empty stomach and should take them with meals. Although mineral oil and some laxatives can decrease calcium absorption, forms of sugar such as lactose, dextrose, and sucrose enhance calcium absorption.

Both statements are true

Both statements are false.

The first statement is true; the second is false.

The first statement is false; the second is true.

Each is true of osteoporosis, except one. Which is the exception?

Osteoporosis is an age-related disorder.

It is characterized by decreased bone mass.

Increased estrogen during perimenopause is a strong causative factor

Weight-bearing exercise is thought to be a preventive factor.

Magnesium is the third most prevalent mineral in teeth.

True

False

Fluoride is advantageous to dental health because of its systemic effects before tooth eruption and topical effects after tooth eruption.

True

False

Fluoride ions can replace hydroxyl ions in the hydroxyapatite crystal lattice of teeth. This fluoridated hydroxyapatite, or fluorapatite, is less soluble and makes the tooth more resistant to demineralization.

True

False

High doses of zinc supplements decrease copper absorption.

True

False

A moderate intake of selenium has been linked to reduced risks of prostate, lung, and colon cancers and heart disease because of its role as an antioxidant.

True

False

Keshan disease is metabolic disorder in which large amounts of copper accumulate in the liver, kidney, brain, and cornea.

True

False

Which mineral is most closely associated with insulin metabolism?

Chromium

Copper

Molybdenum

Boron

Dental caries can be reduced because aluminum enhances the uptake and retention of fluoride and enhances the cariostatic activity of fluoride. Aluminum accumulation can occur when taking antacids containing aluminum hydroxide.

True

False

Acidic foods such as pineapple and tomato packed in uncoated tin cans contain significant amounts of tin.

True

False

Each is true of the effects of lead, except one. Which is the exception?

Lead is more readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract during infancy and early childhood than in adulthood.

Milk intake results in increased levels of lead.

The EPA requires water systems to control the levels of lead to less than 15 parts per million (ppm).

Lead toxicity damages the central nervous system, kidneys, and ability to produce red blood cells.

Which seafood is most likely to have the least amount of mercury?

Swordfish

Mackerel

Salmon

Fresh tuna

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